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Opioid use disorders

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Opioid Receptor (27) Akt (6) Apoptosis (8) Calcium Channel (6) Dopamine Receptor (1) ERK (6) iGluR (2) IRAK (6) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (3) JNK (6) mAChR (1) mTOR (2) NF-κB (8) NO Synthase (2) p38 MAPK (2) Potassium Channel (6) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2) Reference Standards (2) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (8)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (6) Cardiovascular Disease (2) Endocrinology (1) Infection (1) Inflammation/Immunology (10) Metabolic Disease (8) Neurological Disease (29)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Targets Recommended: Opioid Receptor

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-107744

Nalmefene 1 Publications Verification	Opioid Receptor Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NO Synthase Toll-like Receptor (TLR) p38 MAPK NF-κB	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders .

HY-171844

CX1739	iGluR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
CX1739 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable, low-efficacy AMPA-glutamate receptor (AMPAR) potentiator. CX1739 enhances excitatory neurotransmission by potentiating glutamate-induced excitatory currents and promoting in vivo long-term potentiation. CX1739 eliminates amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, reverses opioid-, pentobarbital- and ethanol-induced respiratory depression, and exerts pro-cognitive effects in animals. CX1739 impairs motor function recovery and increases the risk of post-injury complications. CX1739 can be used in research related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dementia, respiratory depression and spinal cord injury .

HY-B0380A

Trimebutine maleate	Opioid Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Calcium Channel Potassium Channel IRAK ERK JNK NF-κB Akt Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine maleate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine maleate inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine maleate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine maleate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine maleate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-B0380

Trimebutine	Opioid Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Calcium Channel Potassium Channel IRAK ERK JNK NF-κB Akt Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-148502

VU6019650 2 Publications Verification	mAChR	Neurological Disease
VU6019650 is a potent and selective orthosteric antagonist of M5 mAChR (IC₅₀=36 nM), can be used for opioid use disorder (OUD) relief. VU6019650 can cross blood brain barrier, potentially modulates the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry. VU6019650 blocks Oxotremorine M iodide (HY-101372A) induced increases of neuronal firing rates of midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) .

HY-15691

PF-04455242	Opioid Receptor mTOR	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
PF-04455242 is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable κ-opioid receptor (KOR) inhibitor. PF-04455242 blocks in vivo effects induced by KOR and MOR agonists, and elicits KOR-independent outward currents in ventral tegmental area neurons. PF-04455242 promotes energy expenditure and activates the hypothalamic mTOR pathway. PF-04455242 attenuates stress-induced behavioral effects and produces antidepressant-like effects. PF-04455242 can be used in studies related to pain, depression, addictive disorders, and obesity induced by estrogen withdrawal .

HY-107121

Ondelopran LY 2196044	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Ondelopran (LY 2196044) is a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist. Ondelopran inhibits the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens induced by alcohol, reduces the rewarding effect of alcohol consumption, and lowers the craving. Ondelopran can be used for alcohol use disorder (AUD) .

HY-144609

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 4	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 4 (compound 31) is a potent and selective *μ opioid* receptor (MOR) antagonist with a K_i of 0.38 nM and an EC₅₀** of 1.07 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 4 has remarkable CNS antagonism against morphine, and precipitated fewer withdrawal symptoms than Naloxone. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 4 Mu opioid receptor antagonist 4 can be used for researching opioid use disorders (OUD) .

HY-115066A

GSK1521498 free base hydrochloride	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
GSK1521498 free base (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective *μ-opioid* receptor (MOR)** antagonist. GSK1521498 free base (hydrochloride) is being used for the treatment of disorders of compulsive consumption of food, alcohol, and agents .

HY-144607

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 2	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 2 (compound 25) is a potent, selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant *μ opioid* receptor (MOR) antagonist with a K_i of 0.37 nM and an EC₅₀** of 0.44 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 2 has remarkable CNS antagonism against morphine, and precipitated fewer withdrawal symptoms than Naloxone. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 2 can be used for researching opioid use disorders (OUD) .

HY-162771

Mu opioid receptor agonist 1	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor agonist 1 (compound 12) is a Mu opioid receptor agonist. Mu opioid receptor agonist 1 can be used in nervous system related research .

HY-135698

Methocinnamox M-CAM	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Methocinnamox (M-CAM) a selective and long-acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist with a K_i of 0.6 nM. Methocinnamox binds to the orthosteric site of the MOR in a pseudo-irreversible, non-covalent manner, resulting in prolonged receptor blockade that persists until new receptors are synthesized. Methocinnamox acts as a reversible antagonist at both the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) (K_i = 4.9 nM) and delta-opioid receptor (DOR) (K_i = 2.2 nM), and it exhibits no intrinsic agonist activity at these receptors. Methocinnamox can be used to reverse and prevent opioid overdose and addiction .

HY-155320

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 7	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 7 (compound 24) is a potent and CNS permeable antagonist of *µOR (µ-opioid* receptor), with an IC₅₀** of 29 ± 3.0 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 7 can be used for the research of pain and opioid use disorder .

HY-144610

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 5	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 5 (compound NAP) is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant *μ opioid* receptor (MOR) antagonist with an EC₅₀ value of 1.14 nM and a K_i** value of 0.37 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 5 can be used for researching opioid use disorders (OUD) .

HY-144608

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 3	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 3 (compound 26) is a potent and selective *μ opioid* receptor (MOR) antagonist with a K_i of 0.24 nM and an EC₅₀** of 0.54 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 3 has remarkable CNS antagonism against morphine, and precipitated fewer withdrawal symptoms than Naloxone. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 3 can be used for researching opioid use disorders (OUD) .

HY-153471

MOR agonist-1	Opioid Receptor	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
MOR agonist-1 is a *MOR (μ-opioid* receptor)** agonist. MOR agonist-1 has good analgesic effect. MOR agonist-1 can be used for the research of pain and pain-related disorders .

HY-W754114

Nalmefene Sulfate-d3	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Opioid Receptor Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NO Synthase Toll-like Receptor (TLR) p38 MAPK NF-κB	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Nalmefene Sulfate-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Nalmefene (HY-107744). Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders .

HY-B0380S1

Trimebutine-d5 fumarate	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Opioid Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Calcium Channel Potassium Channel IRAK ERK JNK NF-κB Akt Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine-d₅ fumarate is deuterium labeled Trimebutine fumarate. Trimebutine fumarate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine fumarate inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine fumarate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine fumarate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine fumarate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-B0380AR

Trimebutine maleate (Standard)	Reference Standards Opioid Receptor Apoptosis Potassium Channel NF-κB Akt IRAK JNK Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ERK Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine maleate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimebutine maleate (HY-B0380A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimebutine maleate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine maleate inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine maleate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine maleate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine maleate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-118615

LY2048978	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
LY2048978 is a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist with K_i of 0.287, 0.471 and 1.05 nM for human mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors in vitro, respectively. LY2048978 can be used in the research of major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder .

HY-176505

NOP antagonist 1	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
NOP antagonist 1 (Compound (-)-31) is a *nociceptin opioid* peptide (NOP) antagonist with a K_b** of 8.65  nM. NOP antagonist 1 can be used for neuropsychiatric disorders research .

HY-163916

SalA-VS-07	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
SalA-VS-07 is a G protein-biased partial agonist for the *Kappa-opioid* receptor (KOR)*. SalA-VS-07 can be used* for research of pain and other disorders .

HY-174307

Dopamine D3 receptor ligand-6	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dopamine D3 receptor ligand-6 (Compound 196476) is a selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3) antagonist. Dopamine D3 receptor ligand-6 is promising for research of substance use disorders (such as opioid and psychostimulant addiction) .

HY-123389

MR2034 (R)-UM-1071	Opioid Receptor	Endocrinology
MR2034 ((R)-UM-1071) is a κ-opioid receptor agonist with activity that stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MR2034 has shown the potential to promote mood and inhibit addictive behaviors in animal models and can be used to study inhibitory approaches related to mood and addictive disorders. MR2034 is selective for κ-opioid receptors and can effectively modulate biological processes related to stress and mood .

HY-15691A

PF-4455242 hydrochloride	Opioid Receptor mTOR	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
PF-4455242 hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable κ-opioid receptor (KOR) inhibitor. PF-4455242 hydrochloride blocks in vivo effects induced by KOR and MOR agonists, and elicits KOR-independent outward currents in ventral tegmental area neurons. PF-4455242 hydrochloride promotes energy expenditure and activates the hypothalamic mTOR pathway. PF-4455242 hydrochloride attenuates stress-induced behavioral effects and produces antidepressant-like effects. PF-4455242 hydrochloride can be used in studies related to pain, depression, addictive disorders, and obesity induced by estrogen withdrawal .

HY-B0380S2

Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Opioid Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Calcium Channel Potassium Channel IRAK ERK JNK NF-κB Akt Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Trimebutine hydrochloride. Trimebutine hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine hydrochloride inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine hydrochloride also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine hydrochloride also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine hydrochloride also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-B0380R

Trimebutine (Standard)	Opioid Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Calcium Channel Potassium Channel IRAK ERK JNK NF-κB Akt Apoptosis Reference Standards	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trimebutine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimebutine (HY-B0380). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimebutine is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-179319

7-PET	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
7-PET is a *μ-opioid* receptor** agonist that can be used in the research of psychiatric disorders .

HY-179282

Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9 is potent, selective and CNS-pentrant mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist with a K_i of 77.3 nM. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9 exhibits selectivity over kappa-opioid receptor (KOR), and delta-opioid receptor (DOR). Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9 effectively blocks the antinociceptive effects of psychoactive substances. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9 can reverse psychoactive substances-induced respiratory depression in mice. Mu opioid receptor antagonist 9 can be used for the research of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) .

HY-181605

MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride is a blood-brain barrier-permeable μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, with an IC₅₀ of 28.37 nM, an EC₅₀ of 4.25 nM, and a K_i of 0.18 nM against MOR. MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride stabilizes the inactive conformation of MOR to reduce receptor activation levels. MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride antagonizes analgesic effects in the mouse warm-water tail-flick test. MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride induces fewer opioid withdrawal symptoms (wet dog shakes, paw tremors) in mice with opioid withdrawal symptoms. MOR antagonist 2 hydrochloride can be used for the research of opioid use disorder .

HY-182631

CX1763	iGluR	Neurological Disease
CX1763 is an AMPAR allosteric modulator. CX1763 allosterically potentiates glutamate-evoked currents, accelerates channel opening, and increases the surface levels of AMPAR containing Glur2 (R). CX1763 enhances synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus. CX1763 improves attention in rats and attenuates amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. CX1763 can be used in studies related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and opioid-induced respiratory depression .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L013

Neuronal Signaling Compound Library	3,802 compounds
Neuronal Signaling is involved in the regulation of the mechanisms of the central nervous system (CNS) such as its structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases of the nervous system. Every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intracellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (communication between cells). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT receptor, histamine receptor, opioid receptor, etc. are the largest class of sensory proteins and are important therapeutic targets in Neuronal Signaling. Besides, Notch signaling, such as β- and γ-secretase, also plays multiple roles in the development of the CNS including regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation. GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Notch signaling in neurons, glia, and NSCs is also involved in pathological changes that occur in disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors. Thus, targeting Neuronal Signaling, such as notch signaling and GPCRs, can be used as therapeutic interventions for several different CNS disorders. MCE designs a unique collection of 3,802 Neuronal Signaling-related compounds that act as a useful tool for the research of neuronal regulation and neuronal diseases.

Neuronal Signaling Compound Library

3,802 compounds

Neuronal Signaling is involved in the regulation of the mechanisms of the central nervous system (CNS) such as its structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases of the nervous system. Every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intracellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (communication between cells). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT receptor, histamine receptor, opioid receptor, etc. are the largest class of sensory proteins and are important therapeutic targets in Neuronal Signaling. Besides, Notch signaling, such as β- and γ-secretase, also plays multiple roles in the development of the CNS including regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation. GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Notch signaling in neurons, glia, and NSCs is also involved in pathological changes that occur in disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors. Thus, targeting Neuronal Signaling, such as notch signaling and GPCRs, can be used as therapeutic interventions for several different CNS disorders.

MCE designs a unique collection of 3,802 Neuronal Signaling-related compounds that act as a useful tool for the research of neuronal regulation and neuronal diseases.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-W754114

Nalmefene Sulfate-d3
Nalmefene Sulfate-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Nalmefene (HY-107744). Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders .

HY-B0380S1

Trimebutine-d5 fumarate
Trimebutine-d₅ fumarate is deuterium labeled Trimebutine fumarate. Trimebutine fumarate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine fumarate inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine fumarate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine fumarate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine fumarate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

Trimebutine-d5 fumarate

Trimebutine-d₅ fumarate is deuterium labeled Trimebutine fumarate. Trimebutine fumarate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine fumarate inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine fumarate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine fumarate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine fumarate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

HY-B0380S2

Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride
Trimebutine-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Trimebutine hydrochloride. Trimebutine hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine hydrochloride inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine hydrochloride also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine hydrochloride also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine hydrochloride also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride

Trimebutine-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Trimebutine hydrochloride. Trimebutine hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine hydrochloride inhibits L-type Ca ²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine hydrochloride also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine hydrochloride also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine hydrochloride also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

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