1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan]
Based on 1 Customer Validation
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] is an orally active amino acid analog. 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] promotes the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in rat plasma, and transiently inhibits CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus via glucocorticoid negative feedback. 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] induces multi-tissue inflammation and fibrosis in rodents and human cells, increases the number of degranulated mast cells, and activates the IL-5 pathway in lymphocytes. 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] is activated by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and replaces L-tryptophan during translation; it also interferes with tryptophan metabolism in mice via the kynurenine pathway and dynamically alters their plasma quinolinic acid levels. 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] can be used for studies on metabolism-related mechanisms.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 96.04%
- CAS No.: 132685-02-0
- Formula: C24H26N4O4
- Molecular Weight:434.49
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
![1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] Chemical Structure](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-w585843.gif "Click to View 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] Chemical Structure")
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
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IL-5 |
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] (EBT) (40-110 μM; 60 min) reduces 3H-L-tryptophan incorporation into proteins synthesized by rabbit reticulocyte lysates from BMV RNA[3].
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] (40-110 μM; 60 min) causes a small but significant reduction in 3H-L-leucine incorporation at 40 μM and 80 μM, but does not significantly reduce incorporation at 110 μM, in proteins synthesized by rabbit reticulocyte lysates from BMV RNA in lysates with 20 μM added L-tryptophan; at 110 μM, incorporation remains at 98% of control both with and without 20 μM added L-leucine[3].
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] (110 μM; 60 min) is specifically incorporated into full-length proteins synthesized by rabbit reticulocyte lysates from BMV RNA, as evidenced by discrete 14C-labeled bands at the expected BMV protein molecular weights when 110 μM 14C-labeled 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] is used[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] leads to myofascial thickening, pancreatic fibrosis and acinar changes in female LEW/N Lewis rats, and triggers dermal and subcutaneous fibrosis in female C57BL/6 mice[3].
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] (40 μg/kg; i.p.; daily; up to 6 weeks) induces EMS-like dermal and subcutaneous inflammation and fibrosis, increases mast cell counts, thickens muscle fascia, elevates necrotic muscle fiber counts, and triggers a biphasic change in plasma quinolinic acid levels in female C57BL/6 mice[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:LEW/N (female, 100 g on arrival)[1]
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Dosage:40 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; 6 days/week; 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 weeks
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Result:Elevated plasma ACTH concentrations twice those of vehicle control rats at week 1.
Raised plasma CORT to levels matching L-Trp control rats and lowered PVN CRH mRNA expression at week 2.
Restored plasma ACTH and CORT to baseline vehicle levels while keeping reduced PVN CRH mRNA expression at week 6.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (6-week-old female, 20-22 g, EMS induced via daily intraperitoneal administration of 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan])[2]
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Dosage:40 μg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; daily; up to 6 weeks
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Result:Induced focal skin and subcutaneous inflammation at day 3 that advanced to widespread moderate-severe inflammation with epidermal hyperplasia in partial animals at week 3.
Triggered focal dermal and subcutaneous fibrosis at day 6 that developed into full-thickness diffuse fibrosis at week 3.
Elevated mast cell numbers across skin, adipose and muscle fascia layers at day 3 and week 6 relative to saline control groups.
Widened fascia thickness markedly at week 6 compared with saline and L-tryptophan control groups.
Raised necrotic muscle fiber counts obviously at week 4 versus saline and L-tryptophan control groups.
Altered plasma quinolinic acid concentrations: decreased at day 3 and day 6, rose sharply at week 21, then dropped gradually at week 28 and week 42 relative to saline controls.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 132685-02-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 434.49
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Formula C24H26N4O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC(N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=C1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=C3
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Brady LS, et al. 1,1'-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan], a contaminant implicated in L-tryptophan eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, suppresses mRNA expression of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone in Lewis (LEW/N) rat brain. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1994 Jan;1(1):59-65. [Content Brief]
[2]. Silver RM, et al. A murine model of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome induced by 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan). The Journal of clinical investigation. 1994 Apr;93(4):1473-80. [Content Brief]
[3]. Buss WC, et al. EBT, a tryptophan contaminant associated with eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, is incorporated into proteins during translation as an amino acid analog. Autoimmunity. 1996;25(1):33-45. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] Related Classifications
HY-W585843 Related Classifications
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- 1,1′-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan]
- 132685-02-0
- Amino Acid Derivatives
- Interleukin Related
- CRFR
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase
- rat hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei
- glucocorticoid negative feedback
- tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
- CRH mRNA
- eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
- kynurenine pathway
- quinolinic acid
- corticosterone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- rabbit reticulocyte lysates
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit