2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    TGF-beta/Smad
    Stem Cell/Wnt
    Anti-infection
    Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel
    Neuronal Signaling
  3. DNA/RNA Synthesis
    TGF-beta/Smad
    Parasite
    Sodium Channel
    Calcium Channel
  4. Halofuginone

Halofuginone  (Synonyms: RU-19110)

Cat. No.: HY-N1584 Purity: 99.78%
COA Handling Instructions

Halofuginone (RU-19110), a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity. Halofuginone is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Halofuginone has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Halofuginone Chemical Structure

Halofuginone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 55837-20-2

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Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Halofuginone (RU-19110), a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM[1][2]. Halofuginone is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity[3][4]. Halofuginone is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Halofuginone has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects[5].

IC50 & Target

Ki: 18.3±0.5 nM (prolyl-tRNA synthetase)[2]
In Vitro

Halofuginone competitively inhibits prolyl-tRNA synthetase by occupying both the prolineand tRNA-binding pockets of prolyl-tRNA synthetase[1].
The IC50s of Halofuginone (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM; 48 hours) are 114.6 and 58.9 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively.
The IC50s of Halofuginone (1, 10, 100, 1000 nM; 24 hours) for NRF2 protein are 22.3 and 37.2 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively. The IC50 of Halofuginone for global protein synthesis is 22.6 and 45.7 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively[1].
Halofuginone increases voltage-gated K+ (Kv) currents in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. Halofuginone (0.03-1μM) inhibits receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) in HEK cells transfected with calcium-sensing receptor gene and attenuated store-operated (SOCE) Ca2+ entry in PASMC[5].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: KYSE70 cells from human oesophageal cancer harbouring a mutation in the NRF2 gene and A549 cells harbouring theKEAP1 gene mutation
Concentration: 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM
Incubation Time: 48 hours
Result: The IC50s were 114.6 and 58.9 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: KYSE70 cells from human oesophageal cancer harbouring a mutation in the NRF2 gene and A549 cells harbouring theKEAP1 gene mutation.
Concentration: 1, 10, 100, 1000 nM
Incubation Time: 24 hours
Result: The IC50s for NRF2 protein were 22.3 and 37.2 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively.
In Vivo

Halofuginone (0.2, 0.5, 1 or 2.5 mg/kg; injected intraperitoneally every other day for 1 month) attenuates progression of OA in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice. Lower concentration (0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg) has minimal effects on subchondral bone and higher concentration (2.5 mg/kg) induces proteoglycan loss in articular cartilage[3].
Halofuginone (0.25 mg/kg; intraperitoneally injected; every day; 16 days) decreases NRF2 protein levels in tumors. While the tumor volumes do not change substantially between treatments with the vehicle, Halofuginone (0.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected, every day) or cisplatin alone. Combined treatment with Halofuginone and Cisplatin significantly suppresses the tumor volume compared to treatment with Halofuginone or cisplatin alone[1].
Intraperitoneal administration of Halofuginone (0.3mg/kg, for 2 weeks) partially reverses the established pulmonary hypertension in mice[5].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: 3-month-old male C57BL/6J (WT) mice[3]
Dosage: 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 2.5 mg/kg
Administration: Injected intraperitoneally every other day for 1 month
Result: Attenuated progression of OA in ACLT mice.
Animal Model: Male nude mice (BALB/C nu/nu mice) (6-8-week)[1]
Dosage: 0.25 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneally injected; every day; 16 days
Result: The combined treatment with Cisplatin significantly suppressed the tumor volume. NRF2 protein levels in tumors were indeed decreased.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

414.68

Appearance

Solid

Formula

C16H17BrClN3O3
CAS No.
SMILES

O=C1N(CC(C[[email protected]@H]2NCCC[[email protected]]2O)=O)C=NC3=C1C=C(Cl)C(Br)=C3
Structure Classification
Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 20 mg/mL (48.23 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 5 with HCl)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4115 mL 12.0575 mL 24.1150 mL
5 mM 0.4823 mL 2.4115 mL 4.8230 mL
10 mM 0.2411 mL 1.2057 mL 2.4115 mL
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.
In Vivo:
  • 1.

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.82 mM); Clear solution

  • 2.

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.82 mM); Clear solution

  • 3.

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% corn oil

    Solubility: ≥ 0.67 mg/mL (1.62 mM); Clear solution

*All of the co-solvents are available by MCE.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.78%

COA (247 KB) HNMR (285 KB) LCMS (265 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Keywords:

Halofuginone55837-20-2RU-19110RU19110RU 19110DNA/RNA SynthesisTGF-beta/SmadParasiteSodium ChannelCalcium ChannelTransforming growth factor betaNa channelsNa+ channelsCa2+ channelsCa channelstype-Icollagencollagen-1prolyl-tRNAosteoarthritisTGF-βInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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