Halofuginone hydrochloride
Based on 20 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone hydrobromid is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity. Halofuginone hydrobromid is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Halofuginone hydrobromid has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 1217623-74-9
- Formula: C16H18BrCl2N3O3
- Molecular Weight:451.14
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Halofuginone hydrochloride
More- Cell Metab. 2023 Dec 5;35(12):2216-2230.e8. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jul 25:143:156788. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2514837122. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 13. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Sep;178(17):3373-3394. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. [Abstract]
- Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2021 Dec;18(6):963-973. [Abstract]
- ACS Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 14;9(4):1004-1021. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Mar 4;26(4):106334. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2026 Jun:250:106417. [Abstract]
- RNA. 2026 Feb 8:rna.080883.125. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Jun 25:109727. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2026 May 19;100(5):e0011726. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2024 Jul.
- Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022 Mar:37:102572. [Abstract]
- Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2024 Jul;40(3):407-414. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 July 11.
- Rutgers University. 2025.
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 12.
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg. 2023 May 2.
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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Biological Activity
Ki: 18.3±0.5 nM (prolyl-tRNA synthetase)[2]
Halofuginone hydrobromid competitively inhibits prolyl-tRNA synthetase by occupying both the prolineand tRNA-binding pockets of prolyl-tRNA synthetase[1].
The IC50s of Halofuginone hydrobromid (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM; 48 hours) are 114.6 and 58.9 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively[1].
The IC50s of Halofuginone hydrobromid (1, 10, 100, 1000 nM; 24 hours) for NRF2 protein are 22.3 and 37.2 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively. The IC50 of Halofuginone for global protein synthesis is 22.6 and 45.7 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively[1].
Halofuginone hydrobromid increases voltage-gated K+ (Kv) currents in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. Halofuginone (0.03-1μM) hydrobromid inhibits receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) in HEK cells transfected with calcium-sensing receptor gene and attenuated store-operated (SOCE) Ca2+ entry in PASMC[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:KYSE70 cells from human oesophageal cancer harbouring a mutation in the NRF2 gene and A549 cells harbouring theKEAP1 gene mutation.
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Concentration:1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:The IC50s for NRF2 protein were 22.3 and 37.2 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively.
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Cell Line:KYSE70 cells from human oesophageal cancer harbouring a mutation in the NRF2 gene and A549 cells harbouring theKEAP1 gene mutation
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Concentration:1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:The IC50s were 114.6 and 58.9 nM in KYSE70 and A549 cells, respectively.
Halofuginone hydrobromid (0.25 mg/kg; intraperitoneally injected; every day; 16 days) decreases NRF2 protein levels in tumors. While the tumor volumes do not change substantially between treatments with the vehicle, Halofuginone hydrobromid (0.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected, every day) or cisplatin alone. Combined treatment with Halofuginone and Cisplatin significantly suppresses the tumor volume compared to treatment with Halofuginone or cisplatin alone[1].
Intraperitoneal hydrobromid administration of Halofuginone (0.3mg/kg, for 2 weeks) partially reverses the established pulmonary hypertension in mice[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:3-month-old male C57BL/6J (WT) mice[3]
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Dosage:0.2, 0.5, 1 or 2.5 mg/kg
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Administration:Injected intraperitoneally every other day for 1 month
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Result:Attenuated progression of OA in ACLT mice.
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Animal Model:Male nude mice (BALB/C nu/nu mice) (6-8-week)[1]
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Dosage:0.25 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneally injected; every day; 16 days
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Result:The combined treatment with Cisplatin significantly suppressed the tumor volume. NRF2 protein levels in tumors were indeed decreased.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1217623-74-9
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Molecular Weight 451.14
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Formula C16H18BrCl2N3O3
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SMILES
O=C1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Br)C=C2N=CN1CC(C[C@H]3[C@@H](CCCN3)O)=O.Cl
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Synonyms
RU-19110 hydrochloride
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications (20)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
2023 Dec 5;35(12):2216-2230.e8. PMID: 37979583 -
Phytomedicine
Halofuginone targets Serine/Glycine synthesis to reverse epidermal growth factor receptor Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jul 25:143:156788. PMID: 40354707
Halofuginone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jul 25:143:156788. [Abstract]
Cell morphology under the microscope after 24 h of 4 μM AUM in combination with 50 nM Halofuginone (HF) in the resistant cell lines and inhibition of colony formation.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Stress granule-mediated ZBP1 activation drives necroptotic cell death in non-obstructive azoospermia and testicular aging. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2514837122. PMID: 40811463
Halofuginone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2514837122. [Abstract]
Cultured L929, L929(Pkr-/-Hri-/-Perk-/-Gcn2-/-), L929(G3bp1-/-G3bp2-/-), L929(Zbp1-/-), L929(Ripk3-/-) and L929(Mlkl-/-) cells were treated Halofuginone (500 nM) and Halofuginone (500 nM)+IFN-β(10 ng/ml) for 42 hours; The intracellular ATP levels were measured by Cell Titer-Glo.
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Br J Pharmacol
2025 Aug 13. PMID: 40803344 -
Br J Pharmacol
2021 Sep;178(17):3373-3394. PMID: 33694155
Halofuginone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Sep;178(17):3373-3394. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis on p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR and mTOR in control PASMCs and PASMCs treated with PDGF in the absence (vehicle control, Veh) and presence (Halofuginone; HF) of 1 μM halofuginone (for 24 h).
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Anal Chem
Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. PMID: 40401576 -
Tissue Eng Regen Med
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Structural Microenvironment in Post-Traumatic War Wounds. [Abstract]2021 Dec;18(6):963-973. PMID: 34363599 -
ACS Infect Dis
2023 Apr 14;9(4):1004-1021. PMID: 36919909 -
iScience
EtcPRS Mut as a molecular marker of halofuginone resistance in Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii. [Abstract]2023 Mar 4;26(4):106334. PMID: 36968087 -
Antiviral Res
Repurposing screen using a robust human rhinovirus infectious clone identifies pyrvinium pamoate with antiviral activity. [Abstract]2026 Jun:250:106417. PMID: 42025967 -
RNA
Tuning tRNA synthetase inhibition reveals parabolic induction of stress granules limited in size and RNA content. [Abstract]2026 Feb 8:rna.080883.125. PMID: 41656003 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Loss of Gcn2 exacerbates gossypol induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in zebrafish. [Abstract]2024 Jun 25:109727. PMID: 38936520 -
J Virol
Febrifugine dihydrochloride restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by modulating the IGF1R-driven PI3K/AKT-apoptosis axis. [Abstract]2026 May 19;100(5):e0011726. PMID: 41983768 -
Halofuginone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2024 Jul.
Cell viability measured by MTT assay after treatment with 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000 nM concentrations of Halofuginone (HF) in parental cells MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 for 24 h, as well as resistant cells MDA-MB-231/PR and BT-20/PR.
Halofuginone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2024 Jul.
Halofuginone (HF; 200 nM; 24 h) treated MDA-MB-231/PR and BT20/PR cells reduced cell invasion capabilities.
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Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther
Halofuginone enhances the anti-tumor effect of ALA-PDT by suppressing NRF2 signaling in cSCC. [Abstract]2022 Mar:37:102572. PMID: 34628069 -
Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus
Halofuginone Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Enhances Osteoblastogenesis by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Multiple Myeloma Mice with Bone Lesions. [Abstract]2024 Jul;40(3):407-414. PMID: 39011260 -
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Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Tsuchida K, et al. Halofuginone enhances the chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells by suppressing NRF2 accumulation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Feb;103:236-247. [Content Brief]
[2]. Keller TL, et al. Halofuginone and other Febrifugine derivatives inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase. Nat Chem Biol. 2012 Feb 12;8(3):311-7. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cui Z, et al. Halofuginone attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibition of TGF-β activity and H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1714-21. [Content Brief]
[4]. Tracy L McGaha, et al. Halofuginone, an inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and skin sclerosis, blocks transforming-growth-factor-beta-mediated Smad3 activation in fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Mar;118(3):461-70. [Content Brief]
[5]. Pritesh P Jain, et al. Halofuginone, a Promising Drug for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 10. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Halofuginone hydrochloride Related Classifications
HY-N1584B Related Classifications
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