Monosaccharides

Olivil-4'-O-β-glucopyranoside (Compound 2) is a lignin derived from Jasminum tortuosum stems.

(-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside is an inhibitor of ROS. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside reduces lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs-exposed HepG2 cells. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production.

Wallichoside is a sesquiterpene that can be isolated from Pteris wallichiana.

Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from Angelicae pubescentis radix and has antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside exerts significant protective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity.

Apterin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity. Apterin shows significantly inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 41.8 μM.

Narciclasine-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from Pancratium maritimum. Narciclasine-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anticancer activity.

Parishin K is a cardioprotective agent obtained from the roots of Gastrodia elata Bl. Parishin K can be used in cardiovascular disease research.

6-Hydroxyapigenin 6-O-β-D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (compound 8) is a kind of flavonoid. 6-Hydroxyapigenin 6-O-β-D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-glucuronide can be isolated from the water extract of Carthamus tinctorius.

Dimethyl secologanoside (compound 2) is an e iridoid isolated from the leaves of Khaya senegalensis.

Chavicol β-D-glucoside is a phenylpropanoid heteroside. Chavicol β-D-glucoside can be isolated from subspecies of Cedronella canariensis.

Maritimein is an aurone glucoside and antioxidant with free radical scavenger activity, found in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.Maritimein scavenges ABTS•+ radical cations.

α-L-Rhamnose is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts.