Monosaccharides

Gluconate sodium (D-Gluconic acid sodium salt) is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate sodium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate sodium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate sodium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate sodium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate sodium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury.

Gluconate (D-Gluconic acid) Calcium is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate Calcium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate Calcium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate Calcium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate Calcium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate Calcium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury.

Betanin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, that could inhibit peroxynitrite (ONOO^-), with an IC₅₀ of 19.2 μM. Betanin is a red glycoside obtained from beets that can be used as colorant.

D-Mannuronic acid sodium is a uronic acid monosaccharide that is frequently utilized in alginate manufacturing. D-Mannuronic acid can be used for the study of cancer.

D-Mannoheptulose is a 7-carbon keto sugar found in avocado. D-mannoheptulose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase isoenzymes. D-Mannoheptulose can block insulin release and utilization of carbohydrate in rat. D-Mannoheptulose has various functions as anti-oxidants, anticancer effects and energy sources.

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium is a derivative of D-glucose (HY-B0389). α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium serves as a starting material for glucuronic acid synthesis. Glucuronic acid acts as a Ca²⁺ chelator and also functions as a biosynthetic substrate for the production of linear maltooligosaccharides or α,α-trehalose. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium can be used as a cytostatic compound, Antibiotic, and immunosuppressant essential for heart disease management. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium is applicable to the research of heart disease.

D-Glucose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Glucose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Glucose is the naturally occurring form of glucose and the most abundant monosaccharide. D-Glucose is a critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic or abiotic stress response.

Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model.

Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rhamnose monohydrate) is an orally active deoxysugar. Rhamnose monohydrate can inhibit levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin aging models. Rhamnose can promote the phosphorylation levels of PKA substrates and HSL in SVF-derived adipocytes, stimulating PKA signaling. Rhamnose monohydrate can act against obesity in mice by stimulating fat dopamine receptors and inducing thermogenesis. Rhamnose monohydrate shows anti-aging effects. Rhamnose monohydrate can be used in the study of Ehrlich’s solid tumors and sarcomas.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetylneuraminic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NANA; Lactaminic acid), a nonphenolic structure, is the predominant form of sialic from Collocalia esculenta. N-Acetylneuraminic acid plays a biological role in myocardial injury, melanoma and viral or bacterial infection. N-Acetylneuraminic acid inhibits melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and triggers myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo by activation of the Rho/Rho-associated signaling pathway through binding to RhoA and Cdc42. N-Acetylneuraminic acid may prevent high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby prevents hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is promising for research in the field of melanoma, coronary artery, obesity-related diseases and hyperlipidemia.

β-D-Fructose is a monosaccharide. Derivatives synthesized using β-D-Fructose as the sugar backbone exhibit potent and selective antiproliferative activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

1-Deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride (Duvoglustat hydrochloride) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features.

α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts.

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium hydrate is a derivative of D-glucose (HY-B0389). α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium hydrate serves as a starting material for glucuronic acid synthesis. Glucuronic acid acts as a Ca²⁺ chelator and also functions as a biosynthetic substrate for the production of linear maltooligosaccharides or α,α-trehalose. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium hydrate can be used as a cytostatic compound, Antibiotic, and immunosuppressant essential for heart disease management. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium hydrate is applicable to the research of heart disease.

D-Ribonolactone is sugar lactone and an inhibitor of β-galactosidase of Escherichia coli with a K_i of 26 mM.

2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl) glycerol (55% w/w in water) (Glucosylglycerol) is a glycerol glycoside and compatible solute. 2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl) glycerol is isolable from the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. 2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl) glycerol (55% w/w in water) acts as a salt stress protectant in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ΔggpS cells. It enhances salt tolerance of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ΔggpS cells and maintains cell division under salt stress.

Maltitol is an orally active polyol and sugar alcohol sweetener produced by the hydrogenation of maltose. Maltitol can replace sucrose and has characteristics of having a minor impact on blood sugar and potential prebiotic effects.

LacCer (d18:1/16:0) (C16 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0)) is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid that can form membrane microdomains with Lyn kinase and the αi subunits of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The levels of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) are elevated in the plasma of insulin-resistant cattle. In a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease (a neurodegenerative cholesterol-sphingolipid lysosomal storage disorder), the expression of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is also upregulated. LacCer (d18:1/16:0) can be used in research on metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.

Erythronic acid potassium is a urinary metabolite that serves as a diagnostic marker for transaldolase (TALDO) deficiency. Erythronic acid potassium is a differential urinary metabolite associated with renal injury in hyperuricemic rats. Erythronic acid potassium can be used in studies related to transaldolase deficiency and hyperuricemia.

D-Galacturonic acid (D-galUA), as the main component of pectin, is abundantly present in plants. The carboxyl group of D-Galacturonic acid can bind to metal cations. D-Galacturonic acid plays an important role in the food industry, pharmaceutical field, and heavy metal removal, among other aspects.