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  5. Streptozotocin

Streptozotocin  (Synonyms: Streptozocin; NSC-85998; U 9889)

Cat. No.: HY-13753 Purity: 99.13%
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Streptozotocin (Streptozocin; STZ) is an antibiotic widely used in experimental animal models of induced diabetes. Streptozotocin enters B cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and causes the alkylation of DNA ( DNA-methylating ). Streptozotocin can induce the apoptosis of β cells.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 18883-66-4

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Based on 137 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Streptozotocin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

137 Publications Citing Use of MCE Streptozotocin

Histological Imaging/Staining
Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
ELISA

    Streptozotocin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2025 Sep 2;37(9):1907-1925.e14.  [Abstract]

    Mice were fed a dietconsisting of one-third high-fat feed and two-thirds regular feed for 2 days, followed by a diet consisting of half high-fat feed and half regular feed for another 2 days. Finally, the mice were fed a diet consisting entirely of high-fat feed. After 6 weeks of continuous high-fat feed, Streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg, i.p., 5 consecutive days) was used to induce T2DM (DM-KPC). H&E and IHC staining of pancreatic tissues.

    Streptozotocin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2025 Oct 21;19(41):36813-36825.  [Abstract]

    Type I diabetic mouse models was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ) daily for 7 days in male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old). Two weeks after STZ injection, mice with blood glucose levels exceeding 16.8 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Full-thickness skin wounds (10 mm in diameter) were created on the dorsum. POMHH promotes diabetic wounds healing by remodeling the wound microenvironment.

    Streptozotocin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2025 Oct 21;19(41):36813-36825.  [Abstract]

    Type I diabetic mouse models was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ) daily for 7 days in male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old). Two weeks after STZ injection, mice with blood glucose levels exceeding 16.8 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Full-thickness skin wounds (10 mm in diameter) were created on the dorsum. POMHH promotes diabetic wounds healing by remodeling the wound microenvironment

    Streptozotocin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Biomed Eng. 2020 May;4(5):507-517.  [Abstract]

    Male Sprague Dawley rats 160-230 g (8-10 weeks) were fasted 6-8 hours prior to treatment with Streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Rats were provided with water containing 10% sucrose for 24 hours after injection with STZ. Blood glucose levels were tested for hyperglycemia daily. Fasted diabetic male rats received subcutaneous administration of different therapies.

    Streptozotocin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Jan;5(1):53-63.  [Abstract]

    Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intra-peritoneally to each rat at a dose of 65 mg/kg. Water containing 10% sucrose was given to rats for 24 hours after injection with STZ to prevent hypoglycemia. RT-ELISA measurement of in vivo glucose concentrations over 30-50 mins in diabetic rats.

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    Description

    Streptozotocin (Streptozocin; STZ) is an antibiotic widely used in experimental animal models of induced diabetes. Streptozotocin enters B cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and causes the alkylation of DNA ( DNA-methylating ). Streptozotocin can induce the apoptosis of β cells[1][2][3].

    IC50 & Target

    DNA alkylator[2]
    In Vitro

    The IC50 values of Streptozotocin for HL60, K562 and C1498 cells were 11.7, 904 and 1024 μg/ml, respectively[3].
    Streptozotocin (0-20 mM, 48 h) (dissolved in citrate buffer, pH 4.4 and diluted in DMEM just before use) induces cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells[7].
    Streptozotocin (10 mM, 0-120 min) (dissolved in 50 mM sodium citrate and 0.45% NaCl, pH 4.5) is specifically transported by GLUT2, which contributes to the cytotoxicity in GLUT2-expressing cells[8].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Streptozotocin Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Note:
    Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

    Streptozotocin is suitable for constructing models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Streptozotocin is highly water-soluble, which is often dissolved in cold acidic citric acid buffer (pH 4.0-4.7), commonly used in animal experiments, ready for use. Once absorbed, distributes widely throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain barrier and placenta, entering various tissues. In the liver, Streptozotocin undergoes chemical modification, converting into an active form that causes DNA methylation and damages pancreatic β-cells, leading to diabetes. The elimination half-life of Streptozotocin varies depending on the species and route of administration.

    Induction of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)[3][4][5]
    Background
    Induces disease by direct destroying the animal's islet β beta cells.
    Specific Modeling Methods
    Mice: C57BL/6 • Male • 8-12 week-old
    Administration: 100 mg/kg-220 mg/kg • i.p. • single high dose, or 40-60 mg/kg for five consecutive days.
    Rat: Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats • male • 8-10 weeks-old
    Administration: 65 mg/kg • i.p. • single high dose.
    Note
    Tips:
    1) The sensitivity of different species of animals to STZ varies greatly, and it is recommended to use male rats (female mice are more tolerant to STZ) [4];
    2) Fasting without water before administration can increase the sensitivity of pancreatic β cells to STZ. STZ injection in model animals generally requires rapid injection;
    3) Different strains of mice have different sensitivities to STZ. Studies have reported that the DBA/2 strain is the most sensitive, followed by C57BL6. Balb/cJ mice are resistant to multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetes[4];
    4) After STZ treatment, animals die due to fatal hypoglycemia due to massive necrosis of pancreatic β-cells and sudden release of insulin, usually within 48 hours after injection. To prevent this, it is best to provide animals with 10% sucrose water regularly after STZ treatment. If animal mortality exceeds 20% when using a single high-dose STZ diabetic mouse protocol, treat animals with an intraperitoneal injection of 5% glucose solution within 6 hours of STZ injection[5];
    5) preliminary experiments are required, and it is not recommended to directly use the administration methods and dosages in the literature.
    Modeling Indicators
    Blood glucose level : Random blood glucose levels are generally used as a guide for diabetes. Animals with blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dL (i.e. 16.7 mmol/L) are considered diabetic. When fasting blood glucose levels are used as an indicator of elevation, values above 150 (8.3 mmoL/L) or 200 mg/dL (11 mmol/L) can be used arbitrarily as a marker of hyperglycemia, depending on the purpose of the study.
    Other indicators : generally accompanied by increased water intake, urine volume, and weight loss. Serum biochemical indexes such as total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein also increased significantly with the occurrence of diabetes.

    Induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)[3][4][5]
    Background
    The disease is induced by partially destroying the animals' islet β cells, making the peripheral tissue insensitive to insulin, and by feeding them a high-calorie diet.
    Specific Modeling Methods
    Mice: C57BL/6 • Male • 10 week-old
    Administration: 4-8 weeks of high-fat diet + low-dose i.p. injection of 30-70 mg/kg STZ for 3-5 days or a single i.p. dose of 90- 100 mg/kg.
    Rat: Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats • male • 8-10 weeks-old
    Administration: 4-8 weeks of high-fat diet + i.p. injection of 25-40 mg/kg STZ, a single dose.
    Note
    Tips:
    Same precautions as for "Induction of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)".
    Modeling Indicators
    Blood glucose level : Blood glucose level exceeds 300 mg/dL(16.7 mmoL/L).
    Other indicators : generally accompanied by increased water intake, urine volume, and weight loss. Serum biochemical indexes such as total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein also increased significantly with the occurrence of diabetes.

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    265.22

    Formula

    C8H15N3O7
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](NC(N(C)N=O)=O)[C@H]1O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    Streptomyces achromogenes
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

    *The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (377.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 100 mg/mL (377.05 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.7705 mL 18.8523 mL 37.7045 mL
    5 mM 0.7541 mL 3.7705 mL 7.5409 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.20%

    SDS (571 KB)

    COA (255 KB) RP-HPLC (76 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / H2O 1 mM 3.7705 mL 18.8523 mL 37.7045 mL 94.2614 mL
    5 mM 0.7541 mL 3.7705 mL 7.5409 mL 18.8523 mL
    10 mM 0.3770 mL 1.8852 mL 3.7705 mL 9.4261 mL
    15 mM 0.2514 mL 1.2568 mL 2.5136 mL 6.2841 mL
    20 mM 0.1885 mL 0.9426 mL 1.8852 mL 4.7131 mL
    25 mM 0.1508 mL 0.7541 mL 1.5082 mL 3.7705 mL
    30 mM 0.1257 mL 0.6284 mL 1.2568 mL 3.1420 mL
    40 mM 0.0943 mL 0.4713 mL 0.9426 mL 2.3565 mL
    50 mM 0.0754 mL 0.3770 mL 0.7541 mL 1.8852 mL
    60 mM 0.0628 mL 0.3142 mL 0.6284 mL 1.5710 mL
    80 mM 0.0471 mL 0.2357 mL 0.4713 mL 1.1783 mL
    100 mM 0.0377 mL 0.1885 mL 0.3770 mL 0.9426 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Streptozotocin18883-66-4Streptozocin NSC-85998 U 9889NSC85998NSC 85998NSC-85998U9889U 9889U-9889DNA/RNA SynthesisDNA Alkylator/CrosslinkerAutophagyBacterialAntibioticApoptosisSTZDNA-methylatingHL60K562C1498DiabetesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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