2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor
  4. PPAR

PPAR

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

PPAR

Related Products

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PPARs (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism.

PPAR Isoform Specific Products:

PPAR Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17618A
    Rac-Pemafibrate
    		Agonist
    Pemafibrate racemate (K13675 racemate) is the racemate of pemafibrate, and activates PPARα activity, with EC50s of 1 nM, >10 μM and 1.7 μM for h-PPARα, h-PPARγ and h-PPARδ, respectively.
    Rac-Pemafibrate
  • HY-147757
    PPARγ/δ modulator 1
    		Modulator
    PPARγ/δ modulator 1 (compound 3e) is a potent PPAR modulator. PPARγ/δ modulator 1 is a PPARδ antagonist and a PPARγ partial agonist , with Ki values of 14.4 nM and 5.31 μM, respectively. PPARγ/δ modulator 1 has the EC50 of 7.3 and 12.6 μM for PPARδ corepression and adiponectin production, respectively.
    PPARγ/δ modulator 1
  • HY-107054
    ESP-31015
    		Agonist
    ESP-31015 (ETC-1001) is an orally active and non-fibrate based PPARα agonists. ESP-31015 demonstrates significant lipid-regulating effects in the obese Zucker rat model. ESP-31015 can be used in cardiovascular disease research.
    ESP-31015
  • HY-132211
    3-Thiatetradecanoic acid
    		Inducer
    3-Thiatetradecanoic acid is a substrate of N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which is involved in the metabolism of thiofatty acids.
    3-Thiatetradecanoic acid
  • HY-101649
    Imiglitazar
    		Agonist
    Imiglitazar (TAK559) is a potent and dual human PPARα and PPARγ1 agonist with EC50 values of 67 and 31 nM.
    Imiglitazar
  • HY-108572
    S26948
    		Agonist
    S26948 is a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator (EC50=8.83 nM) with potent antidiabetes and antiatherogenic effects. S26948 is a specific high-affinity agonist for PPARγ.
    S26948
  • HY-110022
    GW1929 hydrochloride
    		Agonist
    GW1929 hydrochloride is an orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist with a pKi of 8.84 for human PPAR-γ, and pEC50s of 8.56 and 8.27 for human PPAR-γ and murine PPAR-γ, respectively. GW1929 hydrochloride has antidiabetic efficacy and neuroprotective potential. GW1929 hydrochloride suppresses neuronal apoptosis and shows anti-inflammatory potential.
    GW1929 hydrochloride
  • HY-172105
    Anti-NASH agent 2
    		Agonist
    Anti-NASH agent 2 (compound 21) is an inhibitor of de novo adipogenesis activity and α-SMA gene expression. Anti-NASH agent 2 improves hepatic steatosis, edema, inflammatory infiltrates, and liver fibrosis in NASH mouse models.
    Anti-NASH agent 2
  • HY-17633
    Fonadelpar
    		Agonist
    Fonadelpar is a PPARδ agonist, used in the research of neuroparalytic keratopathy.
    Fonadelpar
  • HY-16578S
    GW9662-d5
    		Antagonist
    GW9662-d5 is the deuterium labeled GW9662. GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.
    GW9662-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N0404R
    Sinigrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sinigrin (Standard) (Allyl-glucosinolate (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Sinigrin (HY-N0404). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin (Standard)
  • HY-133178R
    Urolithin D (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Urolithin D (Standard) (3,4,8,9-Tetrahydroxy urolithin (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Urolithin D (HY-133178). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Urolithin D (3,4,8,9-Tetrahydroxy urolithin) is a colonic metabolite of Ellagitannins and a competitive, reversible, and selective antagonist of the EphA receptor. Urolithin D inhibits EphA2-ephrin-A1 binding with an IC50 of 0.9 μM. Urolithin D is also a potent antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and repairs oxidized DNA damage. Additionally, Urolithin D suppresses triglyceride accumulation and promotes fatty acid oxidation by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Urolithin D can be used for research on tumors, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.
    Urolithin D (Standard)
  • HY-N10047
    7,8-Didehydrocimigenol
    7,8-Didehydrocimigenol is an active triterpenoid that can be isolated from Cimicifugae rhizoma. 7,8-Didehydrocimigenol inhibits TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression, inhibits NF-kB activity and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, increases PPAR-γ expression. 7,8-Didehydrocimigenol can be used for the research of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
    7,8-Didehydrocimigenol
  • HY-178958
    PPAR agonist 7
    		Agonist
    PPAR agonist 7 is an orally active pan-PPAR agonist, demonstrating potent activation of all three subtypes, PPARα (EC50 = 1.51 μM), PPARδ (EC50 = 1.11 μM), and PPARγ (EC50 = 3.14 μM). PPAR agonist 7 significantly enhances glucose uptake in adipocytes while exhibiting minimal adipogenic activity. PPAR agonist 7 can suppress PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in white adipose tissue and upregulate insulin-sensitizing genes. PPAR agonist 7 does not cause weight gain or fluid retention in high-fat diet (HFD)/ Streptozotocin (HY-13753) (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models. PPAR agonist 7 has selective modulation of PPAR signaling pathways without activation of adipogenic gene programs. PPAR agonist 7 can be used for the study of diabetes.
    PPAR agonist 7
  • HY-118249
    GSK 1997132B
    		Agonist
    GSK 1997132B is a benzimidazole-based PPARγ partial agonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier with a pEC50 value of 8.0. GSK 1997132B has no significant effect on PPARα/δ. GSK 1997132B improves the problem of high blood clearance rate of earlier compounds, avoiding side effects such as weight gain and edema. GSK 1997132B can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease.
    GSK 1997132B
  • HY-117597
    YM440
    		Control
    YM440 is an orally active oxadiazolidinedione analog. YM440 ameliorates hyperglycemia without changing PPARy activity, adipocyte differentiation, or fat weight. YM440 is used in the study for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
    YM440
  • HY-178447
    PPARγ agonist 20
    		Agonist
    PPARγ agonist 20 is a potent, orally active PPAR-γ agonist. PPARγ agonist 20 effectively increases antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH) and reduces lipid peroxidation. PPARγ agonist 20 can upregulate of Pparg, Glut4, and AdipoQ, suppresses of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65. PPARγ agonist 20 significantly lowers fasting blood glucose, improving glucose tolerance, and restoring metabolic balance in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-Nicotinamide (HY-B0150)-induced diabetic rats. PPARγ agonist 20 can be used for the study of type 2 diabetes.
    PPARγ agonist 20
  • HY-113820
    AZD4619
    		Agonist
    AZD4619 is an orally active, selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist. AZD4619 increases alanine aminotransferase 1 (ALT1) protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in human, but not in rat primary hepatocytes. AZD4619 is a lipid-lowering drug.
    AZD4619
  • HY-108385
    Ochratoxin A-D4
    		Inhibitor
    Ochratoxin A-D4 (Phe-​OTA-D4) is the deuterium labeled Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A is an orally active food-borne mycotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Ochratoxin A is a secondary metabolite of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen. Ochratoxin A exerts its effects through multiple pathways, including inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, causing oxidative DNA damage, disrupting the PPAR-γ-CD36 axis, inducing immunosuppression, generating ROS, mediating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, inhibiting glutamate uptake, triggering demyelination and neuroinflammation, inducing DNA hypomethylation, and inhibiting cell proliferation. Ochratoxin A can induce nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, and also exhibits mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.
    Ochratoxin A-D4
  • HY-146482
    PPARγ agonist 6
    		Agonist
    PPARγ agonist 6 (Compound 12) is a potent and selective agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 6 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    PPARγ agonist 6
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
PPAR Isoform Comparison

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