Antileishmanial agent-44

Antileishmanial agent-44 (11ad) potently inhibits Leishmania donovani amastigotes in J774A.1 macrophages, with an IC₅₀ of 0.652 μM, and achieves an inhibition rate of 99% after treatment at 25 μM for 72 h^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 exhibits low cytotoxicity against J774A.1 macrophages, with a CC₅₀ of 529.0 μM and a selectivity index of 811.3^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (48 h) regulates host immune responses in Leishmania donovani-infected J774A.1 macrophages by upregulating the Th1 cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, and downregulating the Th2 cytokine IL-10^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (10 μM; 24-48 h) induces nitric oxide production in J774A.1 macrophages; after treatment with 10 μM for 24 h and 48 h, 39.1% and 62.4% of the cells exhibit nitric oxide-related fluorescence, respectively^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (10 μM; 60-90 min) potently inhibits the histone deacetylase activity of purified recombinant Leishmania donovani Sir2 protein, reaching an inhibition rate of 77.83% at 10 μM after 60−90 min of incubation^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (10-50 μM; 24-72 h) induces apoptosis-like cell death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes; significant oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation is observed after treatment with 50 μM for 48 h and 72 h^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (10 μM; 24-48 h) disrupts the cell cycle of Leishmania donovani promastigotes, causing time-dependent accumulation of cells in the sub-G₀/G₁ phase after treatment at 10 μM^[1].
Antileishmanial agent-44 (10 μM; 12-48 h) induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania donovani promastigotes, leading to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and time-dependent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol after treatment with 10 μM^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.