Prenol Lipid Standards

Retinoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Retinoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC₅₀s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with K_d of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.

Paclitaxel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paclitaxel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy.

Ursolic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ursolic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.

Forskolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Forskolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase. Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation. Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR. Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces autophagy.

β-Caryophyllene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Caryophyllene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Thymol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thymol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects.

(-)-Menthol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Menthol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i. Antitumor activity.

Betulinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Betulinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Betulinic acid can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Geraniol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geraniol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.

Menaquinone-4 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Menaquinone-4. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Menaquinone-4 is a vitamin K, used as a hemostatic agent, and also a adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.

Retinyl palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Retinyl palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Retinyl palmitate is an ester of Retinol and is the major form of vitamin A found in the epidermis. Retinyl palmitate has been widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Geranylgeraniol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geranylgeraniol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[4].

(E)-β-Farnesene (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-β-Farnesene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Camphor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Camphor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist.

Geniposide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geniposide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geniposide is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardenia jasminoidesEllis fruits; exhibits a varity of biological activities such as anti-diabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities.

Oleanolic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oleanolic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.