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HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

Cat. No.: HY-P70274
COA Handling Instructions

The multifunctional and redox-sensitive HMGB1/HMG-1 protein plays multiple roles in cellular compartments. In the nucleus, it serves as a major chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in key processes such as replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair, and genome stability. HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived HMGB1/HMG-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 214 a.a., with molecular weight of 25-35 kDa.

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  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

  • Properties

  • Documentation

Description

The multifunctional and redox-sensitive HMGB1/HMG-1 protein plays multiple roles in cellular compartments. In the nucleus, it serves as a major chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in key processes such as replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair, and genome stability. HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived HMGB1/HMG-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 214 a.a., with molecular weight of 25-35 kDa.

Background

HMGB1/HMG-1, a multifunctional redox-sensitive protein, exhibits diverse roles across different cellular compartments. Within the nucleus, it stands as a major chromatin-associated non-histone protein, functioning as a DNA chaperone involved in crucial processes such as replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair, and genome stability. Proposed as a universal biosensor for nucleic acids, HMGB1/HMG-1 plays a pivotal role in promoting the host inflammatory response to both sterile and infectious signals, coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm, it serves as a sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids, activating TLR9-mediated immune responses and mediating autophagy. Released to the extracellular environment, HMGB1/HMG-1 engages with various molecules such as DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1 beta, CXCL12, AGER isoform 2/sRAGE, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), activating cells through multiple surface receptors. The extracellular HMGB1 exists in different redox states, with fully reduced HMGB1 acting as a chemokine, disulfide HMGB1 as a cytokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 promoting immunological tolerance. Beyond its immunomodulatory roles, HMGB1/HMG-1 is implicated in proangiogenic activity, platelet activation, neuronal outgrowth signaling via RAGE, and potential involvement in the accumulation of expanded polyglutamine proteins. Its nuclear functions, attributed to fully reduced HMGB1, include association with chromatin, DNA bending, and enhancement of DNA flexibility through looping, facilitating various gene promoter activities. Additionally, HMGB1/HMG-1 may play roles in nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, base excision repair, double-strand break repair, V(D)J recombination, displacement of histone H1, restructuring nucleosomes, enhancing transcription factor binding, and modulating the telomerase complex. The intricate functions of HMGB1/HMG-1 highlight its significance in diverse cellular processes.

Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

C-6*His

Accession

P09429 (G2-E215)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
HMGB1 (G2-E215)
Accession # P09429
6*His
C-term
Synonyms
rHuHigh mobility group protein B1/HMGB1, His; High Mobility Group Protein B1; High Mobility Group Protein 1; HMG-1; HMGB1; HMG1
AA Sequence

GKGDPKKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDASVNFSEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKGKFEDMAKADKARYEREMKTYIPPKGETKKKFKDPNAPKRPPSAFFLFCSEYRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTAADDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYRAKGKPDAAKKGVVKAEKSKKKKEEEEDEEDEEDEEEEEDEEDEDEEEDDDDE

Molecular Weight

25-35 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Solution

Formulation

Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS,10% Glycerol, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

N/A.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -80°C for 1 year. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping

Shipping with dry ice.

Documentation

HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
Cat. No.:
HY-P70274
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