TGF beta 1/TGFB1 LAP Protein, Human (HEK293, N-His)

TGF beta 1 Protein, the product of this gene, encodes a secreted ligand belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily, known for its role in regulating various cellular processes. As a ligand, it binds to different TGF-beta receptors, initiating the recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that govern gene expression. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing, yielding a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature peptide. It exists in either a latent form, comprising a mature peptide homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGF-beta binding protein, or in an active form consisting solely of the mature peptide homodimer. This protein, which can form heterodimers with other TGFB family members, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Additionally, it has the capacity to modulate the expression and activation of other growth factors, including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Frequently upregulated in tumor cells, mutations in this gene lead to Camurati-Engelmann disease. Its expression is broadly observed in various tissues, with prominent levels in the spleen (RPKM 38.0), bone marrow (RPKM 32.1), and 23 other tissues, highlighting its widespread involvement in physiological processes.