TIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)

The protein being described is involved in the innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. It interacts with LGALS9 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages to stimulate antibactericidal activity and restrict bacterial growth. However, the role of this protein as a receptor for LGALS9 has been challenged. It also enhances CD8+ T-cell responses to acute infections and acts as a receptor for phosphatidylserine (PtSer), which is calcium-dependent. It may recognize PtSer on apoptotic cells and mediate their phagocytosis. The protein is expressed on T-cells and dendritic cells and promotes conjugation of apoptotic cells but not their engulfment. It positively regulates the innate immune response in dendritic cells and synergizes with Toll-like receptors to promote TNF-alpha secretion. In tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, it suppresses nucleic acid-mediated innate immune response by interacting with HMGB1. It acts as a coreceptor on natural killer cells to enhance IFN-gamma production in response to LGALS9, but also suppresses NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. It negatively regulates NK cell function in LPS-induced endotoxic shock. The protein interacts with various other proteins, including HMGB1, BAG6, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, FYN, VAV1, AKT1/2, LCP2, ZAP70, SYK, SH3BP2, SH2D2A, LCK, PLCG, and ILF3. Its interaction with ILF3 promotes ILF3 ubiquitination and degradation.