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Targeted therapy! The Capetin Prize winning "Click Chemistry" can be used like this!Targeted therapy! The Nobel Prize winning "Click Chemistry" can be used like this!2025-02-06
555 Results for "
physiological
" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:
Products (555)
555 Results for "physiological" in MCE Product Catalog:
Cat. No.: HY-113259R
CAS No.: 3862-25-7
Cat. No.: HY-150773S1
Synonyms: GTP-d14 dilithium
Research Areas:
Guanosine triphosphate-d14 dilithium (GTP-d14 dilithium) is the deuterated-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .
Target:
Research Areas:
Hyaluronic acid sodium (MW 800kDa) is a biopolymer composed of repeating units of disaccharides with various applications. Hyaluronic acid sodium is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid sodium is synthesized at the plasma membrane. Increased hyaluronic acid sodium levels are associated with tumor cell growth, adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in digestive cancers. Hyaluronic acid sodium participates in tissue remodeling and rapid cell proliferation in some physiological processes including embryonic morphogenesis and wound-healing. Hyaluronic acid sodium activates the PI3K-Akt signaling. Hyaluronic acid sodium acts as a regulator of cancer-associated lymphangiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid sodium also enhances cell invasion and angiogenesis by promoting proteolytic MMP-9 binding to cell surface or stimulating MMP-9 binding to cell surface. Hyaluronic acid sodium can be used as drug delivery for sodium butyrate to improve the anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cell line. Hyaluronic acid sodium can be studied in joint diseases, wound healing and cancer .
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Antazoline phosphate is an H1 receptor antagonist that affects the activity of the central nervous system, has a potent antiarrhythmic effect .
Antazoline phosphate is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist with anticholinergic and antiviral properties. Antazoline phosphate can prevent histamine from acting on target cells through a reversible competition effect on histamine receptor sites of these cells. Antazoline phosphate can exert an antiallegic effect and prevent the occurrence of physiological reactions from the effect of blocking as well as inhibiting H1 receptor. Antazoline phosphate can effectively reduce HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 of 2.910 μmol/L in HepAD38 cells. Antazoline phosphate also has a significant inhibitory effect on HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant of Huh7 cells (EC50 = 2.349 μmol/L). Antazoline phosphate has anti-arrhythmic effect in acute myocardial infarctions. Antazoline phosphate can be studied in research for cardiovascular diseases, and HBV .
Cat. No.: HY-B2035R
CAS No.: 51218-49-6
Target:
Reference Standards Herbicide Cytochrome P450 Interleukin Related Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase MDM-2/p53 Environmental Pollutants
Research Areas:
Pretilachlor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pretilachlor (HY-B2035). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide with biological activities including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis induction, and immunotoxicity. Pretilachlor exerts its effects by interfering with hormone metabolism, inducing oxidative stress, activating apoptotic pathways, and inhibiting immune functions. Pretilachlor upregulates the transcription of P53, Mdm2, and Bbc3, and increases the activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9; it upregulates the transcription of genes in the HPG/HPT axis and the activity of aromatase; it induces oxidative stress, elevates ROS levels, and upregulates CAT, SOD, and GPX. Pretilachlor downregulates the transcription of CXCL-C1C, IL-1β, and IL-8. Pretilachlor disrupts the normal physiological processes and embryonic development of fish, exhibiting significant toxicity. Pretilachlor can be used in studies related to weeding, environmental pollution, and behavioral toxicity in fish .
Cat. No.: HY-D0077
CAS No.: 195136-58-4
Synonyms: Oregon green 488
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2',7'-Difluorofluorescein (Oregon green 488) is a fluorescein derivative and a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe (pKa ~4.7). Upon excitation at 488 nm, 2',7'-Difluorofluorescein exhibits pH-sensitive fluorescence intensity through the formation of dianions, while its pH sensitivity decreases under excitation at 450 nm, allowing its use in ratiometric pH analysis. 2',7'-Difluorofluorescein can be used for the quantitative analysis of pH values in the range of 2-7 in submicron aerosol particles. 2',7'-Difluorofluorescein undergoes buffer-mediated and buffer-free excited-state proton transfer between different protonated forms, and its cationic form undergoes rapid excited-state deprotonation. 2',7'-Difluorofluorescein is resistant to photodegradation, maintains stable absorption and fluorescence properties within the physiological pH range, and serves as a fluorescent protein label, a component of Ca 2+ indicators, a fluorescent imaging agent, and an anisotropy probe .
Cat. No.: HY-D3003
CAS No.: 2522921-17-9
Cat. No.: HY-D3074
Target:
Research Areas:
TCM-4COOH is an AIE-active fluorescent probe for calcium ions. TCM-4COOH relies on aggregation-induced emission activity, and its carboxyl chelating group can bind to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ to form insoluble aggregates, triggering fluorescence enhancement via restricting intramolecular motion (Ex/Em = 477/603 nm). TCM-4COOH shows pH independence in physiological environments (pH 4-9), can be strongly activated at Ca 2+ concentrations ranging from low nM to mM, and has a stronger binding ability to Ca 2+ than to Mg 2+. TCM-4COOH, as its acetoxymethyl ester derivative TCM-AM, can penetrate cell membranes for intracellular detection. TCM-4COOH can be used for imaging of cellular calcium overload, detection of bone microcracks, and studies related to calcium-rich biological environments .
Cat. No.: HY-L925
9,363 compounds
Cysteine proteases (CPs), a key enzyme family regulating physiological metabolism and mediating pathological processes (such as abnormal bone resorption, tumour invasion, and pathogen infection), represent a core therapeutic target for developing specific inhibitors in disease intervention. Currently reported CP inhibitors primarily achieve their inhibitory function by precisely binding to CP active pockets (e.g., S1-S4 non-primed regions or S1'-S2' primed regions) and forming covalent/non-covalent interactions with the active site cysteine residues, providing clear structural references for the development of novel inhibitors.
This compound library, designed based on the core strategy of "similarity-based known active structures", contains over 200 cysteine protease inhibitors. Leveraging AI-driven molecular screening technology, it retains the critical pharmacological and shape features of reported CP inhibitors, serving as a specialized tool for efficiently discovering novel cysteine protease inhibitors.
Cat. No.: HY-L044
593 compounds
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are synthetic, chemically modified compounds that have been developed to mimic their physiological counterparts in order to exploit cellular metabolism and subsequently be incorporated into DNA and RNA to inhibit cellular division and viral replication. In addition to their incorporation into nucleic acids, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can interact with and inhibit essential enzymes such as human and viral polymerases (that is, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, RNA-dependent DNA polymerases or RNA-dependent RNA polymerases), kinases, ribonucleotide reductase, DNA methyltransferases, purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase and thymidylate synthase. These actions of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have potential therapeutic benefits — for example, in the inhibition of cancer cell growth, the inhibition of viral replication as well as other indications.
MCE offers a unique collection of 593 nucleotide compounds including nucleotide, nucleoside and their structural analogues. MCE Nucleotide Compound Library is a useful tool to discover anti-cancer and antiviral drugs for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS).
Cat. No.: HY-L047
908 compounds
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. Hormones are chemicals that serve to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities. Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell function.
The endocrine system is concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. Irregulated hormone release, inappropriate response to signaling or lack of a gland can lead to endocrine disease.
MCE offers a unique collection of 908 endocrinology related compounds targeting varieties of hormone receptors such as thyroid hormone receptor, TSH receptor, GNRH receptor, adrenergic receptor, etc. MCE Endocrinology Compound Library is a useful tool for the discovery of endocrinology drugs.
Cat. No.: HY-L945
74 compounds
Sulfonyl fluoride (-SO₂F) overcomes the poor target selectivity of traditional covalent warheads that rely heavily on cysteine. With high stability and tunable electrophilicity under physiological conditions, it targets multiple nucleophilic residues including Lys, Tyr, Ser and His, offering expanded druggable space, lower off-target risks and prolonged efficacy. It is widely used in covalent inhibitors, molecular glues, PROTACs and chemical probes.
MCE has built a highly diverse sulfonyl fluoride fragment library with 1,162 structurally diverse, drug-like fragments. Designed for balanced reactivity, stability and compatibility, these molecules feature tunable electrophilicity, simple scaffolds and high derivatization potential. Combined with SuFEx click chemistry, the library enables efficient modular modification and rapid structure optimization.
Ideal for targeting non-cysteine residues, this library improves covalent screening and probe development efficiency, serving as a precise tool for early-stage covalent drug discovery and chemical biology research.
Cat. No.: HY-L168
707 compounds
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane binding structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment and play a crucial role in mediating and regulating intercellular communication related to physiological and pathological processes. EVs are lipid membrane vesicles composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be divided into several types based on their source, such as extracellular vesicles, microcapsules, and apoptotic vesicles. The size range of exosomes is 30-150nm, which are endocrine in multi vesicular endosomes (MVEs); microvesicles (50-1000nm) are secreted directly through extracellular interactions, thereby releasing plasma membrane vesicles. In contrast, apoptotic bodies are usually larger, ranging in size from 1 to 5 μ m. This is generated during programmed cell death. EV plays a crucial role in transmitting information between cells and influencing the behavior and function of receptor cells.
MCE designs a unique collection of 707 small molecules related to extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is a good tool to be used for research on metabolize, cancer and other diseases.
Cat. No.: HY-L087
3,741 compounds
Obesity is widely recognized as the largest and fastest growing public health problem and is associated with numerous chronic disorders including osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, gallstones, fatty liver disease, reproductive and gastrointestinal cancers, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, etc. Although obesity has long been associated with serious health issues, it has only recently been regarded as a disease in the sense of being a specific target for medical therapy. Obesity may be viewed as the dysregulation of two physiological functions, appetite regulation and energy metabolism, which combine to create disordered energy balance. Consequently, developing obesity treatments that target novel pathways is a growing focus for both biopharmaceutical industries.
MCE Anti-Obesity Compound Library owns a unique collection of 3,741 compounds, which mainly target signaling pathway of controlling appetite, fatty acid metabolism and energy expenditure, etc. This library is a useful tool for discovery anti-obesity drugs.
Cat. No.: HY-113225S3
Purity: ≥95.0%
Synonyms: GTP-15N5 dilithium
Guanosine triphosphate- 15N5 (GTP- 15N5) dilithium is 15N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .
Cat. No.: HY-113225S5
Purity: ≥95.0%
Synonyms: GTP-13C10 dilithium
Guanosine triphosphate- 13C10 (GTP- 13C10) dilithium is 13C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .
Cat. No.: HY-B0331B
CAS No.: 149404-21-7
Synonyms: MK-421 sodium
Research Areas:
Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Enalapril sodium (MK-421 sodium) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Enalapril sodium blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, regulates the renin-angiotensin system, reduces preload and afterload, and decreases plasma angiotensin II levels. Enalapril sodium inhibits apoptosis, reduces nitric oxide metabolite levels, stabilizes endothelial cells, enhances endothelial antioxidant defense, scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alleviates neuronal damage. Enalapril sodium attenuates glutathione depletion, protein/lipid oxidation, tissue damage, and type III collagen immunolabeling in organs of diabetic rats. Enalapril sodium reduces systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion, and delays the progression of diabetic cardiac/renal injury. Enalapril sodium is used in research related to asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cerebral ischemia, chronic heart failure, and single-ventricle physiology .
Cat. No.: HY-B0377A
CAS No.: 125193-62-6
Synonyms: MK-208 hydrochloride
Research Areas:
Famotidine hydrochloride (MK-208 hydrochloride) is an orally active and highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking the Gs signaling pathway, and regulates intracellular cAMP and ERK pathways. Famotidine hydrochloride inhibits TLR3-mediated inflammatory pathways, and reduces the expression of various inflammatory mediators and interferon-related genes. Famotidine hydrochloride scavenges DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals, alleviates oxidative stress damage in gastric tissue, inhibits proMMP-9, improves vascular endothelial permeability, and restores the normal physiological functions of neutrophils and eosinophils. Famotidine hydrochloride crosses intestinal epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion, blocks paracellular cation transport, and increases intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance. Famotidine hydrochloride reduces serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, exerts analgesic effects and gastric protective effects simultaneously. Famotidine hydrochloride can be used in studies related to COVID-19, liver injury and acute gastric ulcer .
Synonyms: Disodium sulfate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP
Cat. No.: HY-113225S1
Synonyms: GTP-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium
Research Areas:
Guanosine triphosphate- 13C10, 15N5 tetraammonium solution (100 mM) (GTP- 13C10, 15N5 tetraammonium) is the 15N, 13C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .
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Protocols
Targeted therapy! The Capetin Prize winning "Click Chemistry" can be used like this!Targeted therapy! The Nobel Prize winning "Click Chemistry" can be used like this!A suitable model is crucial in drug screening experiments. Organs can mimic the three-dimensional functional structure of internal organs, have similar spatial organization to corresponding organs, maintain some key characteristics, and reproduce some physiological functions. They are widely used for modeling and personalized drug screening physiological functions.2025-02-06
