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Caco-2

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (109) Cardiovascular Disease (17) Endocrinology (3) Infection (41) Inflammation/Immunology (57) Metabolic Disease (47) Neurological Disease (32)
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GMP Molecules

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-14291

Vildagliptin 5 Publications Verification LAF237; NVP-LAF 237	Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ferroptosis Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-W011053

Neotame	Taste Receptor Apoptosis Drug Derivative	Metabolic Disease
Neotame is a derivative of Aspartame (HY-B0361) and is a flavor enhancer and low-caloric, non-nutritive, high-intensity artificial sweetener that is 7000-13,000 times sweeter than sugar. Neotame causes intestinal epithelial cell death at high concentrations. Neotame induces Apoptosis of Caco-2 cells ^[2] .

HY-W127512

5β-Cholanic acid 1 Publications Verification	Drug Intermediate	Others
5β-Cholanic acid is a hydrophobic modifier used to modify polymer carriers. 5β-Cholanic acid can improve the acid stability, cell penetration efficiency and drug sustained release ability of nanocarriers, and optimize the oral effectiveness of delivered molecules. 5β-Cholanic acid can covalently bind to Glycol chitosan (GC) to form a GC-CA conjugate, which optimizes the hydrophobic anchoring ability of nanoparticles and enables them to be stably adsorbed on the surface of PLGA nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles can resist dissociation in the gastric acid environment and maintain positive charge to enhance endocytic uptake by intestinal epithelial cells (such as Caco-2 cells). 5β-Cholanic acid can be used in the development of drug delivery systems ^[2].

HY-116788

Lipofermata 5+ Cited Publications	Bacterial	Infection
Lipofermata is a fatty acid transport protein 2 *(FATP2)* inhibitor. Lipofermata shows fatty acid transport inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 4.84 μM in Caco-2 cells. Lipofermata, an analog of spiro-indoline-thadiazole, shows zinc-specific suppression of antibacterial activity. Lipofermata perturbs zinc homeostasis in E. coli K-12 with a MIC of 16 μM ^[2] .

HY-D0203

Basic green 4 Malachite green	Environmental Pollutants Fluorescent Dye	Others
Basic green 4 (Malachite green) is a cationic dye that is widely used as a bactericide in aquaculture and is also commonly used in laboratories for the determination of phosphates. Basic green 4 exhibits high cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity to mammalian cells, specifically shown by its IC₅₀ values of 2.03 µM for HEp-2 human laryngeal cells and 13.8 µM for Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, and it can promote the development of liver tumors. The maximum absorbance wavelength is 621 nm ^[2] .

HY-W009141

1-Monopalmitin Glyceryl palmitate	P-glycoprotein IAP PI3K Akt Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells ^[2].

HY-W010162

H-Ala-Ala-OH L-Alanyl-L-alanine; Ala-Ala	Amino Acid Derivatives	Others
H-Ala-Ala-OH (L-Alanyl-L-alanine; Ala-Ala) is a nonpolar dipeptide that is absorbed by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The transport of alanine (Ala), like proton/amino acid symport, can lead to cytoplasmic acidification .

HY-15163

Zotiraciclib 2 Publications Verification TG02; SB1317	JAK CDK FLT3	Cancer
Zotiraciclib (TG02; SB1317) is an orally active *JAK2/FLT3/CDK2* inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 13 nM, 73 nM and 56 nM , respectively. Zotiraciclib inhibits cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth and the activity of *CYP2D6. Zotiraciclib exhibits high plasma protein binding rate, Caco-2* permeability and tissue distribution capacity, as well as metabolic stability in human and canine liver microsomes. Zotiraciclib achieves tumor growth inhibition in nude mouse models of colon cancer and lymphoma xenografts. Zotiraciclib can be used for research related to colon cancer, B-cell lymphoma, advanced leukemia, acute leukemia and multiple myeloma ^[2].

HY-B0501

Danofloxacin mesylate CP 76136-27	P-glycoprotein Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Danofloxacin mesylate (CP 76136-27) is a fluoroquinolone used as a veterinary drug. Danofloxacin mesylate has a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, mainly inhibiting the DNA cycloenzyme of the bacteria. In addition, Danofloxacin mesylate is a substrate for ATP-dependent efflux transporters (P-gp and *MRP2*) ^[2] .

HY-D0300

Leucomalachite green 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Leucomalachite green is the major reduced metabolite of malachite green (MG) and has lower cytotoxicity (such as HEp-2 and Caco-2) than malachite green. Leucomalachite green may be involved in interfering with cell metabolism or redox balance and can be used to evaluate its potential harm to human cells as a food contaminant ^[2].

HY-N2009

3-O-Methylgallic acid 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid	Apoptosis Caspase	Cancer
3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) is an anthocyanin metabolite and has potent antioxidant capacity. 3-O-methylgallic acid inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ value of 24.1 μM. 3-O-methylgallic acid also induces cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer effects ^[2] .

HY-128878

Dexloxiglumide	Cholecystokinin Receptor P-glycoprotein	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Dexloxiglumide is an orally active and selective cholecystokinin type A (CCKA) receptor antagonist. Dexloxiglumide is the active enantiomer of Loxiglumide, inhibits smooth muscle cell contractions induced by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). Dexloxiglumide exhibits moderate Caco-2 permeability that is polarized, concentration dependent, and pH dependent. Dexloxiglumide increases MRP1-substrate fluorescein uptake. Dexloxiglumide can be studied in research for gastrointestinal diseases and tumors ^[2] .

HY-111956B

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride is a known proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) substrate that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride may be transported into liver cancer cells and Caco-2 cells based on fluorescence analysis. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride can be used for characterizing PEPT1-specific substrates or inhibitors (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm) ^[2].

HY-170522

ISM012-042	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Inflammation/Immunology
ISM012-042 is an orally active PHD1 and *PHD2* inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 1.9 and 2.5 nM, respectively. ISM012-042 (2.5 μM) can protect Caco-2 cells from DSS-induced barrier disruption. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC), ISM012-042 has anti-inflammatory effects and can dose-dependently reduce the expression of IL-12 subunit IL-12p35 and TNF. ISM012-042 restores intestinal barrier function and alleviates intestinal inflammation in various experimental colitis models. ISM012-042 can be used for intestinal mucosal repair and research into immune diseases .

HY-155478

Androgen receptor-IN-6	Androgen Receptor	Cancer
Androgen receptor-IN-6 (compound 16) is an orally available androgen receptor (Androgen Receptor) potent inhibitor (IC₅₀=0.12 μM in vitro), targeting the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD). Androgen receptor-IN-6 has good Caco2 cell membrane permeability and has an oral activity (F/%) of 16% in male CD-1 mice .

HY-N7635

Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate	NO Synthase COX Interleukin Related Claudin p38 MAPK Akt PI3K	Inflammation/Immunology
Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis ^[2].

HY-111956

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
D-Ala-Lys-AMCA is a known proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) substrate that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA may be transported into liver cancer cells and Caco-2 cells based on fluorescence analysis. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA can be used for characterizing PEPT1-specific substrates or inhibitors (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm) ^[2].

HY-149408

MAOA-IN-1	Monoamine Oxidase	Cancer
MAOA-IN-1 (compound 15) is an orally active MAOA inhibitor with cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells. MAOA-IN-1 has Caco-2 permeability and lower CNS permeability. MAOA-IN-1 can be further used in the research of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory indications .

HY-155328

GK444	HDAC	Inflammation/Immunology
GK444 (Compound 15a) is a *HDAC1/2* inhibitor (IC₅₀: 100 and 92 nM for HDAC1/2 respectively). GK444 inhibits Caco-2 cells with IC₅₀ of 4.1 μM. GK444 also reduces TGF-β1 induced COL1A1 mRNA levels in primary normal human lung fibroblasts. GK444 inhibits Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced lung fibrosis in mice .

HY-13749C

(S)-Sitagliptin phosphate (S)-MK-0431 phosphate	Dipeptidyl Peptidase Autophagy	Metabolic Disease
(S)-Sitagliptin phosphate is the less active S-enantiomer of Sitagliptin phosphate. Sitagliptin phosphate (MK-0431 phosphate) is a potent inhibitor of DPP4 with an IC₅₀ of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts .

HY-W1113135

Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt is a negatively charged β-cyclodextrin derivative, as well as a metal ion chelator and solubilizing reagent. Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt forms stable aqueous complexes with Ba ²⁺, Ca ²⁺, Cd ²⁺, Ni ²⁺, Pb ²⁺, Sr ²⁺, and Zn ²⁺ ions. Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt derived hydrogel carriers support oral insulin delivery via paracellular permeation across Caco-2 monolayers and produce sustained hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt can be conjugated onto folate-modified BSA nanoparticles to boost folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, elevate intracellular anticancer drug uptake and trigger cell apoptosis. Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt can be utilized for chiral separation in capillary electrophoresis, development of nanoscale drug carriers and nucleic acid transfection research ^[2] .

HY-14291A

Vildagliptin dihydrate LAF237 dihydrate; NVP-LAF 237 dihydrate	Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ferroptosis Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Vildagliptin dihydrate (LAF237 dihydrate) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin dihydrate possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-20808

Antioxidant agent-15	COX	Cancer
Antioxidant agent-15 (Compound 4) is a potent antioxidant inhibition activity, with the IC₅₀ of 15.44 nM. Antioxidant agent-15 inhibits tumor cell growth in Hela, Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells, with the IC₅₀ of 395.26, 400.4 and 24.6 nM, respectively .

HY-14291R

Vildagliptin (Standard) LAF237 (Standard); NVP-LAF 237 (Standard)	Reference Standards Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ferroptosis Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Vildagliptin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vildagliptin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-160160

BAY-5516	PPAR	Cancer
BAY-5516 is a inverse-agonist o PPARG, with the IC₅₀ value of 6.1±3.6 nM that has anti-tumor effect .

HY-155027

DPP-4-IN-8	Dipeptidyl Peptidase TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
DPP-4-IN-8 (compound 27) is a potent and selective DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitor, with a K_i of 0.96 μM. DPP-4-IN-8 blocks the dipeptidase activity of DPP4 in both Caco-2 and HepG-2 cells. DPP-4-IN-8 also dose-dependently suppresses the expression levels of the chemokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) .

HY-14291S2

Vildagliptin-13C5,15N LAF237-¹³C₅,¹⁵N; NVP-LAF 237-¹³C₅,¹⁵N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Dipeptidyl Peptidase Apoptosis Ferroptosis	Metabolic Disease
Vildagliptin- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N (LAF237- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N; NVP-LAF 237- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N) is a ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Vildagliptin (HY-14291). Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity ^[2].

HY-178436

Antituberculosis agent-16	Bacterial	Infection
Antituberculosis agent-16 is an orally active antituberculosis agent. Antituberculosis agent-16 exhibits stable antituberculosis activity with a MIC of 0.48 μg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv sensitive strain and 0.49 μg/mL against multidrug-resistant strain 14862. Antituberculosis agent-16 shows high Caco-2 permeability. Antituberculosis agent-16 can be used for the research of infection .

HY-N4236

Angelol A	Others	Others
Angelol A is a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata, which is passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model .

HY-N4235

Angelol B	Others	Inflammation/Immunology
Angelol B is a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata, which is passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model .

HY-175205

TGF-β2-IN-1	TGF-beta/Smad	Cancer
TGF-β2-IN-1 is a selective *TGF-β2* inhibitor. TGF-β2-IN-1 exhibits potent antiproliferative effects on HCT-116, Caco-2 and HT-29 with IC₅₀ values of 6.84, 10.21, and 9.47 μM, respectively. TGF-β2-IN-1 inhibits *TGF-β2* signaling in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing both receptor and cytokine expression.TGF-β2-IN-1 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer .

HY-14291S1

Vildagliptin-d7 LAF237-d₇; NVP-LAF 237-d₇	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ferroptosis Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Vildagliptin-d₇ is deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-14291S

Vildagliptin-d3 LAF237-d₃; NVP-LAF 237-d₃	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ferroptosis Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Vildagliptin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity ^[2].

HY-178133

Pim-1 kinase-IN-14	Pim Apoptosis Caspase	Cancer
Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 is a PIM-1 kinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 94 nM. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 shows broad-spectrum and high-efficiency anticancer activity against multiple human cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG-2), colon cancer (Caco-2), myeloid leukemia (NFS-60), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and activating caspase 3/7. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 can be used for the study of cancers associated with PIM-1 kinase overexpression .

HY-P5038

Cyclo(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro) c(GRGDSP)	Integrin	Cancer
Cyclo(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro) (c(GRGDSP)) is an RGD-containing inhibitory peptide. Cyclo(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro) is a synthetic α5β1 integrin ligand that competitively inhibits the binding of invasin (Inv) to α5β1 integrin expressed on Caco-2 cells .

HY-D0300S1

Leucomalachite green-d6	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Leucomalachite green-d₆ is the deuterated derivative of Leucomalachite green (HY-D0300). Leucomalachite green is the major reduced metabolite of malachite green (MG) and has lower cytotoxicity (such as HEp-2 and Caco-2) than malachite green. Leucomalachite green may be involved in interfering with cell metabolism or redox balance and can be used to evaluate its potential harm to human cells as a food contaminant ^[2].

HY-156965

BAY-771	Fluorescent Dye	Metabolic Disease Cancer
BAY-771, a structurally close pyrimidinedione, is a chemical probe with good lead-like properties and high permeability in Caco-2 cells (no hint of efflux). BAY-771 shows very weak inhibitory activity in the BCAT1 biochemical assay and no activity in BCAT2. BAY-771 can be used as a negative control of HY-148242 BAY-069. BAY-771 can be used for the research of tumor metabolism .

HY-W011053GL

Neotame (GMP Like)	Taste Receptor Apoptosis Drug Derivative	Metabolic Disease
Neotame (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class Neotame (HY-W011053) that can be used as pharmaceutical excipients. Neotame is a derivative of Aspartame (HY-B0361) and is a flavor enhancer and low-caloric, non-nutritive, high-intensity artificial sweetener that is 7000-13,000 times sweeter than sugar. Neotame causes intestinal epithelial cell death at high concentrations. Neotame induces Apoptosis of Caco-2 cells ^[2] .

HY-162313

NIP-22c	SARS-CoV	Infection
NIP-22c is a novel coronavirus 3CL_pro inhibitor. The EC₅₀ for Verona, Calu3, Caco2 and HBTEC-ALI were 4.6, 1.1, 0.1 and 0.6 μM, respectively. NIP-22c has antiviral activity .

HY-170491

GSK-3β inhibitor 23	GSK-3	Infection Neurological Disease
GSK-3β inhibitor 23 (Compound 11726169) is the inhibitor for glycogen synthase kinase-3, that inhibits GSK-3β and GSK-3α with IC₅₀ of 12.1 nM and 18.8 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 23 exhibits antiviral activity against HIV 1. GSK-3β inhibitor 23 exhibits good metabolic stablility in mouse/human liver microsomes and plasma, but poor Caco-2 permeability (which predicts low oral bioavailability) .

HY-157404

Pim-1/2 kinase inhibitor 2	Pim	Cancer
Pim-1/2 kinase inhibitor 2 (compound 5b) is a competitive PIM-1 and PIM-2 kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 1.31 μM and 0.67 μM, respectively. Pim-1/2 kinase inhibitor 2 shows in-vitro low cytotoxicity against normal human lung fibroblast Wi-38 cell line and potent in-vitro anticancer activity against myeloid leukaemia (NFS-60), liver (HepG-2), prostate (PC-3), and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines .

HY-156253

Anticancer agent 166	COX	Cancer
Anticancer agent 166 (compound 3) is an anticancer agent with an excellent inhibition activity against Caco-2 (IC₅₀ = 9.6 nM) .

HY-148850

AZD-2207	Cannabinoid Receptor	Metabolic Disease
AZD-2207 is a cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist, known for its high lipophilicity. AZD-2207 has good intestinal permeability in the Caco-2 model and can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and obesity .

HY-152758

Caspase-3/7 activator 3	Apoptosis Caspase	Cancer
Caspase-3/7 activator 3 is an effective activator of Caspase-3/7. Caspase-3/7 activator 3 has tumor selectivity, anti-proliferative activity and high Apoptosis-inducing ability .

HY-179125

COX-2-IN-59	COX Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
COX-2-IN-59 is a potent and selective *COX-2* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.052 μM. COX-2-IN-59 exhibits 200-fold selectivity over COX-1 (IC₅₀ = 11.16 μM). COX-2-IN-59 reduces COX-2 levels, induces cell cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis by increasing Bax expression, decreasing *Bcl-2* levels, and activating caspase-3. COX-2-IN-59 can be used for the research of colon cancer .

HY-P11154

HAV peptide Ac-SHAVSS-NH2	Cadherin	Others
HAV peptide (Ac-SHAVSS-NH2) is a peptide containing His-Ala-Val. HAV peptide affects the E-cadherin signaling pathway. HAV peptide regulates intercellular junctions .

HY-14291B

(2R)-Vildagliptin (2R)-LAF237; (2R)-NVP-LAF 237	Dipeptidyl Peptidase	Metabolic Disease
(2R)-Vildagliptin is the isomer of Vildagliptin (HY-14291), and can be used as an experimental control. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-172112

VEGFR-2-IN-64	VEGFR Apoptosis	Cancer
VEGFR-2-IN-64 (Compound 28) is the inhibitor for *VEGFR2* with IC₅₀ of 27.8 nM. VEGFR-2-IN-64 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell A549, T-47D and Caco-2, exhibits anti-migration and anti-cloning activities in cell T-47D, induces apoptosis in T-47D .

HY-P10231

Ac-Phe-Thiaphe-OH	Carboxypeptidase	Others
Ac-Phe-Thiaphe-OH is a modified peptide, which is utilized as substrate for carboxypeptidase A (CPA) .

HY-171837

c9,t11,c15-CLNA	Caspase	Cancer
c9,t11,c15-CLNA is a conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomer produced by Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058. c9,t11,c15-CLNA has significant anti-proliferation activity against colon cancer cells (IC₅₀: 18.26 μM). c9,t11,c15-CLNA induces pyroptosis by activating the canonical pyroptosis pathway mediated by caspase-1. c9,t11,c15-CLNA can be used in the study of colon cancer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-113099

Indolelactic acid 10+ Cited Publications Indole-3-lactic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Indolelactic acid (Indole-3-lactic acid) is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures. Indolelactic acid has anti-inflammation and potential anti-viral activity .

HY-N6684

Deoxynivalenol 15+ Cited Publications Vomitoxin	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Source Classification	P-glycoprotein
Deoxynivalenol, an orally active mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors .

HY-113066A

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt 2 Publications Verification GDP disodium salt	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Hepcidin Potassium Channel Endogenous Metabolite
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI) ^[2] .

HY-113066C

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate sodium, 96% (HPLC) 2 Publications Verification GDP sodium, Type I, 96% (HPLC)	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Hepcidin Potassium Channel Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related STAT
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) sodium, 96% (HPLC) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate sodium, 96% (HPLC) is an iron mobilizer, which forms a complex with hepcidin to inhibit the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) interaction and modulates the IL-6/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate sodium, 96% (HPLC) ameliorates the Turpentine-induced anemia of inflammation (AI) in mice when combined with FeSO₄. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate sodium, 96% (HPLC) can be used in the research of AI ^[2].

HY-121360

Cylindrospermopsin	Microorganisms Source Classification	DNA/RNA Synthesis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanotoxin, is a polycyclic uracil derivative containing guanidine and sulfate groups, which can inhibit protein synthesis and covalently modify DNA or RNA. Cylindrospermopsin induces hepatocellular hypertrophy, renal cellular hypertrophy, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA strand breaks, mitochondrial hyperpolarisation, ultrastructural damage, and altered gene expression in liver, kidney, and intestinal cells. Cylindrospermopsin can be used in research including hepatocellular carcinoma and water quality testing ^[2] .

HY-N0253

Hederacoside C Kalopanaxsaponin B	Infection Triterpenes Hedera nepalensis K. Koch var. sinensis (Tobl.) Rehd. Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Bacterial p38 MAPK NF-κB Apoptosis
Hederacoside C (Kalopanaxsaponin B) is an ingredient that can be obtained mainly from ivy leaves. Hederacoside C mediates inflammation by inhibiting activation of MAPK/NF-κB and its downstream signaling pathway. Hederacoside C has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity ^[2] .

HY-W009141

1-Monopalmitin Glyceryl palmitate	Plants Source Classification	P-glycoprotein IAP PI3K Akt Caspase Apoptosis
1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells ^[2].

HY-N1427

Glycodeoxycholate Sodium 3 Publications Verification Sodium glycyldeoxycholate	Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Sodium glycyldeoxycholate) is a bile salt. Glycodeoxycholate Sodium has cytotoxicity to cancer cell, changes the permeability of the pancreatic duct and decreases glucose levels ^[2] .

HY-N3121

Pachypodol	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	PERK Keap1-Nrf2 Apoptosis
Pachypodol is an orally active methoxyflavonoid compound. Pachypodol activates the ERK-dependent *Nrf2* pathway and inhibits Apoptosis. Pachypodol exhibits activities such as antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects. Pachypodol improves cognition. Pachypodol exerts protective effects against cardiac and liver damage. Pachypodol has anticancer activity against colon cancer ^[2] .

HY-P0185

Endomorphin 1 3 Publications Verification	Natural Products Monophenols Pyrrole Alkaloids Neurological Disease Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Endomorphin 1, a high affinity, highly selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (K_i: 1.11 nM), displays reasonable affinities for kappa₃ binding sites, with K_i value between 20 and 30 nM. Endomorphin 1 has antinociceptive properties ^[2] .

HY-113066

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate GDP	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Hepcidin Potassium Channel Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related STAT
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is an iron mobilizer, which forms a complex with hepcidin to inhibit the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) interaction and modulates the IL-6/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate ameliorates the Turpentine-induced anemia of inflammation (AI) in mice when combined with FeSO₄. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of AI ^[2].

HY-19696B

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate Maximum Cited Publications 104 Publications Verification Tauroursodeoxycholic acid dihydrate; TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate	Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite IRE1 NF-κB JNK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt
Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, *IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK* phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ^[2] .

HY-W096638A

Glycerophosphocholine (S)-Glycerolphosphocholine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycerophosphocholine ((S)-Glycerolphosphocholine) is an orally active metabolite that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Glycerophosphocholine acts as a precursor of acetylcholine, a specific marker for phosphatidylcholine breakdown, a major water-soluble storage form of choline, and an intermediate in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Glycerophosphocholine is specifically elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease models, and it also promotes growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation. Glycerophosphocholine is also a potential biomarker for breast cancer .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Microorganisms Source Classification	Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism
Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning ^[2] .

HY-N2217

Rotundic acid	Cardiovascular Disease Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Aquifoliaceae Microorganisms other families Terpenoids Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Akt mTOR p38 MAPK Apoptosis Phosphatase Interleukin Related NF-κB PI3K Keap1-Nrf2 Heme Oxygenase (HO) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Rotundic acid is an orally effective triterpenoid with a K_d value of 51.3 µM for PTP1B. Rotundic acid downregulates the AKT/mTOR pro-survival pathway and modulates the MAPK pathway. Rotundic acid induces cell cycle S-phase arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis; it inhibits migration, invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. Rotundic acid improves leptin sensitivity, regulates gut microbiota and reduces cellular senescence. Rotundic acid can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, obesity, aging, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes ^[2] .

HY-N2009

3-O-Methylgallic acid 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid	Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Caspase
3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) is an anthocyanin metabolite and has potent antioxidant capacity. 3-O-methylgallic acid inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ value of 24.1 μM. 3-O-methylgallic acid also induces cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer effects ^[2] .

HY-N4139

Protohypericin	Quinones Hypericum perforatum Linn. Classification of Application Fields Guttiferae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Naphthalene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Drug Intermediate
Protohypericin is a compound that can be extracted from Hypericum perforatum. Protohypericin has low photocytotoxicity but can be efficiently photoconverted into Hypericin (HY-N0453) with high phototoxicity under visible light. Protohypericin can be used in cancer research ^[2] .

HY-W014118

α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants
α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde is an O-acetyltransferase (OAT) inhibitor. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde inhibits OAT-mediated bioactivation of nitroarene mutagens, exerts antimutagenic activity through demutagenic and bioantimutagenic mechanisms, and interferes with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter function to reduce substrate efflux. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde alters membrane permeability, fluidizes phospholipid membranes, exerts antioxidant effects, and enhances the antiproliferative effect of Doxorubicin on human cancer cells. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde can be used in the research of colorectal adenocarcinoma, T-cell leukemia, and multidrug-resistant cancers ^[2] .

HY-103249

Reutericyclin Reutericycline	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial
Reutericyclin (Reutericycline) is an orally active antibacterial and anti-obesity agent that selectively inhibits Gram-positive bacteria. By selectively dissipating transmembrane potential, Reutericyclin exerts non-lytic bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus, and rapidly kills vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium difficile. Reutericyclin possesses favorable properties including resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, iron-chelating function, and poor absorption by colonic epithelium. Reutericyclin not only eradicates staphylococcal biofilms and inhibits drug-resistant strains, but also counteracts Risperidone (HY-11018)-induced weight gain by inducing changes in gut microbiota composition and restoring energy utilization efficiency. Reutericyclin can be used in research related to Clostridium difficile infection, Risperidone-induced weight gain, and staphylococcal superficial skin infections ^[2] .

HY-N6924

Zingibroside R1 1 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow Classification of Application Fields Panax japonicas C. A. Mey. Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Saccharides Araliaceae Source Classification	HIV PIN1 Fungal GLUT Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Zingibroside R1 is an orally active triterpene saponin with multiple biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and metabolic regulatory properties. Zingibroside R1 reduces the expression of PIN family members, inhibits the expression of *PLT1/PLT2*, WOX5, SHR, and SCR, disrupts auxin transport and distribution, triggers plant ROS responses, and inhibits root growth. Zingibroside R1 extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, enhances its heat stress resistance, and improves its motor ability. Hydrogel derivatives of Zingibroside R1 inhibit the proliferation of Candida albicans by binding to its β-1,3-glucan and exhibit antifungal activity. Zingibroside R1 inhibits GLUT1-mediated uptake and alleviates liver injury. Zingibroside R1 can be used in research related to neurodegenerative diseases, vulvovaginal candidiasis, acute liver injury, Ehrlich ascites tumor and HIV-1 infection ^[2] .

HY-N7635

Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate	Triterpenes other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Amaranthaceae Plants Achyranthes bidentata Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase COX Interleukin Related Claudin p38 MAPK Akt PI3K
Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis ^[2].

HY-113099R

Indolelactic acid (Standard) Indole-3-lactic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Indolelactic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indolelactic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indolelactic acid (Indole-3-lactic acid) is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures. Indolelactic acid has anti-inflammation and potential anti-viral activity[1][3][4].

HY-Y0319D

Acetic acid lead	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase Fungal PPAR
Acetic acid lead is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Acetic acid lead exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Acetic acid lead regulates energy metabolism. Acetic acid lead has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Acetic acid lead induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Acetic acid lead can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain ^[2] .

HY-113066AR

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (Standard) GDP disodium salt (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Hepcidin Endogenous Metabolite Potassium Channel Reference Standards
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI) ^[2] .

HY-N4236

Angelol A	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Seriphidium transiliense Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Angelol A is a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata, which is passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model .

HY-N4235

Angelol B	Classification of Application Fields Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Umbelliferae Seriphidium transiliense Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	Others
Angelol B is a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata, which is passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model .

HY-N6685

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol 3-AcDON; 3-ADON	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related
3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON; 3ADON), a trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) acetylated derivative, is a brain-penetrant Fusarium mycotoxin. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces mRNA expression and production of inflammatory chemokine IL-8 in intestinal cells ^[2].

HY-N0253R

Hederacoside C (Standard) Kalopanaxsaponin B (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Hedera nepalensis K. Koch var. sinensis (Tobl.) Rehd. Terpenoids Plants Araliaceae Source Classification	Reference Standards Bacterial p38 MAPK NF-κB Apoptosis
Hederacoside C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hederacoside C. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hederacoside C (Kalopanaxsaponin B) is an ingredient that can be obtained mainly from ivy leaves. Hederacoside C mediates inflammation by inhibiting activation of MAPK/NF-κB and its downstream signaling pathway. Hederacoside C has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity ^[2] .

HY-N6684R

Deoxynivalenol (Standard) Vomitoxin (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source Classification	P-glycoprotein Reference Standards
Deoxynivalenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deoxynivalenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deoxynivalenol, an orally active mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors .

HY-N3197

Neostenine (+)-Neostenine	Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Stemonaceae Other Alkaloids Plants Source Classification Stemona sesslifolia	P-glycoprotein
Neostenine is a stenine-type Stemona alkaloid, with antitussive activity. Neostenine is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein with high absorptive permeability in Caco-2 monolayer model. Neostenine also shows oral activity for intestinal application ^[2].

HY-W009141R

1-Monopalmitin (Standard) Glyceryl palmitate (Standard)	Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis P-glycoprotein PI3K IAP Caspase Akt
1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Monopalmitin (HY-W009141). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells ^[2].

HY-N12720

Cynanoside J	Apocynaceae Cardiacglycosides Plants Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) Morren et Decne. Steroids Source Classification	Others
Cynanoside J is a C₂₁ steroidal glycosides that can be obtained from Cynanchum taihangense. The IC₅₀ values of Cynanoside J for HL-60, THP1, and Caco2 are 6.38, 5.82, and 6.76 μM, respectively. Cynanoside J can be used in cancer research .

HY-129340

AS-183	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Acyltransferase
AS-183 is an inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (IC₅₀=0.94 µM). AS-183 also inhibits the formation of cholesterol esters in HepG2, CaCo2 and THP-1 cells with IC₅₀ values of 18.1, 25.5 and 34.5 µM, respectively. AS-183 can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia .

HY-N1427R

Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Standard) Sodium glycyldeoxycholate (Standard)	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Glycodeoxycholate (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycodeoxycholate (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Sodium glycyldeoxycholate) is a bile salt. Glycodeoxycholate Sodium has cytotoxicity to cancer cell, changes the permeability of the pancreatic duct and decreases glucose levels[1][2][3].

HY-N18304

Brutieridin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Flavonones Rutaceae Plants Source Classification	Others
Brutieridin (Compound 1) is a flavanone glycoside that can be isolated from the juice of bergamot (Citrus bergamia). Brutieridin reduces the level of NPC1L1 in intestinal epithelial cells. Brutieridin decreases cholesterol uptake by intestinal epithelial cells. Brutieridin can be used in the research of hypercholesterolemia ^[2].

HY-N4139R

Protohypericin (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Hypericum perforatum Linn. Guttiferae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Naphthalene Quinones Source Classification	Reference Standards Drug Intermediate
Protohypericin is a compound that can be extracted from Hypericum perforatum. Protohypericin has low photocytotoxicity but can be efficiently photoconverted into Hypericin (HY-N0453) with high phototoxicity under visible light. Protohypericin can be used in cancer research ^[2] .

HY-N18952

Heparin disaccharide II-S trisodium	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Interleukin Related
Heparin disaccharide II-S trisodium (Compound HSH-9) is a heparin-derived disaccharide. Heparin disaccharide II-S trisodium inhibits the spontaneous secretion of proinflammatory mediators IL-8 and IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells at the post-transcriptional stage .

HY-N18954

Heparin disaccharide III-S trisodium	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Interleukin Related
Heparin disaccharide III-S trisodium (Compound SHH-7) is a heparin-derived disaccharide. Heparin disaccharide III-S trisodium acts as an inhibitor of spontaneous IL-8 and IL-1β secretion by intestinal epithelial cells. Heparin disaccharide III-S trisodium functions at the post-translational stage and does not reduce mRNA or intracellular mediator levels .

HY-N18953

Heparin disaccharide I-H trisodium	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Interleukin Related
Heparin disaccharide I-H trisodium (Compound SHS-5) is a heparin-derived disaccharide. Heparin disaccharide I-H trisodium blocks the spontaneous secretion of IL-8 and IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells at the post-translational stage without reducing mRNA expression levels or intracellular contents. Heparin disaccharide I-H trisodium exhibits dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in intestinal epithelial cell models .

HY-N16926

Chingchengenamide A	Structural Classification Natural Products Piperaceae Plants Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Chingchengenamide A is a natural alkaloid.

HY-N17436

Demethoxyhexahydrocurcumin	Zingiber officinale Roscoe Structural Classification Phenols Plants Source Classification Zingiberaceae	Bacterial
Demethoxyhexahydrocurcumin is a Curcumin (HY-N0005) biotransformation metabolite and diarylheptanoid with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Demethoxyhexahydrocurcumin scavenges free radicals, inhibits cancer cell viability, and suppresses microbial growth. Demethoxyhexahydrocurcumin can be used for the research of colorectal cancer ^[2].

HY-N11737

Monasfluore A	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Monasfluore A is an azaphenanthrenone derivative with antioxidant activity. Monasfluore A inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Monasfluore A scavenges DPPH and superoxide anion free radicals. Monasfluore A exerts cellular antioxidant activity in oxidatively damaged colon adenocarcinoma cells. Monasfluore A shows no antiproliferative effect on human laryngeal cancer cells and colon adenocarcinoma cells ^[2].

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-113066S1

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-13C10 dilithium

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate- ¹³C₁₀ (GDP- ¹³C₁₀) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113066). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI).

HY-113066S

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-15N5 dilithium

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate- ¹⁵N₅ (GDP- ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113066). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI) ^[2] .

HY-14291S2

Vildagliptin-13C5,15N
Vildagliptin- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N (LAF237- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N; NVP-LAF 237- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N) is a ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Vildagliptin (HY-14291). Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity ^[2].

HY-14291S1

Vildagliptin-d7
Vildagliptin-d₇ is deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-14291S

Vildagliptin-d3
Vildagliptin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity ^[2].

HY-D0300S1

Leucomalachite green-d6

Leucomalachite green-d₆ is the deuterated derivative of Leucomalachite green (HY-D0300). Leucomalachite green is the major reduced metabolite of malachite green (MG) and has lower cytotoxicity (such as HEp-2 and Caco-2) than malachite green. Leucomalachite green may be involved in interfering with cell metabolism or redox balance and can be used to evaluate its potential harm to human cells as a food contaminant ^[2].

HY-14291S5

Vildagliptin-d6
Vildagliptin-d₆ (LAF237-d₆ ) is deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity .

HY-D0300S

Leucomalachite green-d5

Leucomalachite green-d₅ is the deuterated derivative of Leucomalachite green (HY-D0300). Leucomalachite green is the major reduced metabolite of malachite green (MG) and has lower cytotoxicity (such as HEp-2 and Caco-2) than malachite green. Leucomalachite green may be involved in interfering with cell metabolism or redox balance and can be used to evaluate its potential harm to human cells as a food contaminant ^[2].

HY-113066S3

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-13C10,15N5 dilithium

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ (GDP- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113066). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI).

HY-113066S2

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-d13 dilithium

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-d₁₃ (GDP-d₁₃) dilithium is deuterium labeled Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113066). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI).

HY-132489S

(Rac)-Sitagliptin-d4
(Rac)-Sitagliptin-d₄ ((Rac)-MK-0431-d₄) is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Sitagliptin. (Rac)-Sitagliptin is an isoform of Sitagliptin (HY-13749), which is a potent and orally active inhibitor of DPP4 with an IC₅₀ of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts .

HY-132489S1

(Rac)-Sitagliptin-d4-1 hydrochloride
(Rac)-Sitagliptin-d₄-1 hydrochloride ((Rac)-MK-0431-d₄-1 hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Sitagliptin-1 hydrochloride. (Rac)-Sitagliptin is an isoform of Sitagliptin (HY-13749), which is a potent and orally active inhibitor of DPP4 with an IC₅₀ of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts .

HY-W009141S

1-Monopalmitin-d31

1-Monopalmitin-d₃₁ (Glyceryl palmitate-d₃₁) is the deuterium labeled 1-Monopalmitin (HY-W009141). 1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells ^[2].

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure