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cAMP (Standard)

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Adenosine Receptor (4) Adenylate Cyclase (3) Adrenergic Receptor (4) Akt (4) AMPK (3) Amyloid-β (1) Antibiotic (2) Apelin Receptor (APJ) (1) Apoptosis (6) Arrestin (1) Autophagy (2) Bacterial (4) Calcium Channel (1) Caspase (2) CFTR (1) CGRP Receptor (1) Chloride Channel (1) COX (1) Dipeptidyl Peptidase (3) Drug Intermediate (1) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (1) EGFR (1) Endogenous Metabolite (10) Epigenetic Reader Domain (1) ERK (4) Ferroptosis (2) FXR (1) GABA Receptor (1) GLP Receptor (3) Glutathione Peroxidase (1) GPR88 (1) Histamine Receptor (2) HIV (1) Interleukin Related (3) JAK (2) JNK (2) mGluR (2) Monoamine Oxidase (1) mTOR (1) Myosin (1) NF-κB (4) NO Synthase (2) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (2) Organoid (1) p38 MAPK (4) PERK (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (13) PI3K (2) PKA (8) PKC (2) PPAR (2) Prostaglandin Receptor (2) Protein Arginine Deiminase (1) PTEN (1) Ras (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2) Reference Standards (51) ROCK (1) Sirtuin (2) SphK (1) STAT (2) TNF Receptor (4) Tyrosinase (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (14) Cardiovascular Disease (10) Endocrinology (9) Infection (4) Inflammation/Immunology (17) Metabolic Disease (13) Neurological Disease (19)

By Targets:

Adenosine Receptor (4)

Adenylate Cyclase (3)

Adrenergic Receptor (4)

Akt (4)

AMPK (3)

Amyloid-β (1)

Antibiotic (2)

Apelin Receptor (APJ) (1)

Apoptosis (6)

Arrestin (1)

Autophagy (2)

Bacterial (4)

Calcium Channel (1)

Caspase (2)

CFTR (1)

CGRP Receptor (1)

Chloride Channel (1)

COX (1)

Dipeptidyl Peptidase (3)

Drug Intermediate (1)

Drug Isomer (1)

Drug Metabolite (1)

EGFR (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (10)

Epigenetic Reader Domain (1)

ERK (4)

Ferroptosis (2)

FXR (1)

GABA Receptor (1)

GLP Receptor (3)

Glutathione Peroxidase (1)

GPR88 (1)

Histamine Receptor (2)

HIV (1)

Interleukin Related (3)

JAK (2)

JNK (2)

mGluR (2)

Monoamine Oxidase (1)

mTOR (1)

Myosin (1)

NF-κB (4)

NO Synthase (2)

Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (2)

Organoid (1)

p38 MAPK (4)

PERK (1)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (13)

PI3K (2)

PKA (8)

PKC (2)

PPAR (2)

Prostaglandin Receptor (2)

Protein Arginine Deiminase (1)

PTEN (1)

Ras (2)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2)

Reference Standards (51)

ROCK (1)

Sirtuin (2)

SphK (1)

STAT (2)

TNF Receptor (4)

Tyrosinase (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (14)

Cardiovascular Disease (10)

Endocrinology (9)

Infection (4)

Inflammation/Immunology (17)

Metabolic Disease (13)

Neurological Disease (19)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Natural
Products

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-15371R

Forskolin (Standard) Coleonol (Standard); Colforsin (Standard); HL 362 (Standard)	Organoid Reference Standards Adenylate Cyclase FXR Autophagy PKC	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology Cancer
Forskolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Forskolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase . Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation . Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR . Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces autophagy .

HY-B1511R

Cyclic AMP (Standard) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Standard); Adenosine cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate (Standard); cAMP (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards	Cancer
Cyclic AMP (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes .

HY-N0092R

Inosine (Standard)	Reference Standards Adenosine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Inosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Inosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A₁ (A₁R) and A_2A (A_2AR) receptors . In Vitro:Inosine dose-dependently stimulates cAMP production mediated through the A_2AR . Inosine dose-dependently induces hA_2AR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation . Inosine (100 μM; 24 hours) reduces oxidative stress in MES 23.5 cells cultured with astrocytes . In Vivo:Inosine (10-100 mg/kg; i.p.) exhibits antinociceptive effect in mice .

HY-W012980R

Isovaleric acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite AMPK PKA	Metabolic Disease
Isovaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isovaleric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isovaleric acid is an oral active short-chain fatty acid that inhibits osteoclast differentiation by stimulating AMPK phosphorylation and promotes colonic smooth muscle relaxation by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. Isovaleric acid can be used in research on skeletal diseases (such as osteoporosis) and intestinal disorders .

HY-W040329R

2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Caspase Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology Cancer
2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer .

HY-B0764R

Bucladesine sodium (Standard) Dibutyryl cAMP sodium (Standard); DBcAMP sodium (Standard)	Reference Standards PKA Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bucladesine sodiumn (HY-B0764). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bucladesine is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .

HY-113402R

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) γ-Glu-Cys (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related TNF Receptor AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

HY-178783

MRS8454	Adenosine Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
MRS8454 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR). MRS8454 can significantly enhance the maximum effect of the standard agonist Cl-IB-MECA by approximately 286%-300%, and significantly reduce its EC₅₀ value. MRS8454 effectively enhances the ability of A3AR agonists to inhibit the cAMP accumulation induced by Forskolin (HY-15371). MRS8454 can be used for the development of molecular probes .

HY-B1505R

Acefylline (Standard) Theophyllineacetic acid (Standard); Theophylline-7-acetic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Adenosine Receptor Protein Arginine Deiminase Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Acefylline (Theophyllineacetic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acefylline (HY-B1505). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acefylline (Theophyllineacetic acid), a xanthine derivative, is an Adenosine Receptor antagonist. Acefylline is a peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activator. Acefylline is also a bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant that inhibits rat lung cAMP phosphodiesterase isoenzymes. Acefylline can be used in asthma research .

HY-12366R

Ubrogepant (Standard) MK-1602 (Standard)	CGRP Receptor Reference Standards	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Ubrogepant (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ubrogepant. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is an orally active and selective antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP). Ubrogepant has high affinity for CGRP receptors in human and rhesus monkeys, and can effectively block the *cAMP* response stimulated by α-CGRP. Ubrogepant can be used in the study of acute migraine .

HY-14302R

Salmeterol (Standard) GR33343X (Standard)	Adrenergic Receptor Reference Standards	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Salmeterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salmeterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salmeterol (GR33343X) is a potent and selective human β2 adrenoceptor agonist. Salmeterol shows potent stimulation of cAMP accumulation in CHO cells expressing human β2, β1 and β3 adrenoceptors with pEC50s of 9.6, 6.1, and 5.9, respectively .

HY-17453R

Salmeterol xinafoate (Standard) GR 33343X xinafoate (Standard)	Reference Standards Adrenergic Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Salmeterol (xinafoate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salmeterol (xinafoate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salmeterol (GR 33343X) xinafoate is a potent and selective human β2 adrenoceptor agonist. Salmeterol shows potent stimulation of cAMP accumulation in CHO cells expressing human β2, β1 and β3 adrenoceptors with pEC50s of 9.6, 6.1, and 5.9, respectively .

HY-N0126R

Xanthone (Standard) 3 Publications Verification	Reference Standards Monoamine Oxidase Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Xanthone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xanthone (HY-N0126). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xanthone is a monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.84 µM. Xanthon inhibits Norepinephrine (HY-13715) and high-K ⁺-induced vasoconstriction with IC₅₀ values of 60.26 μM and 82.9 μM, respectively. Xanthon increases intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) content and blocks Ca ²⁺ channels. Xanthone is the scaffold of several pharmacologically active compounds .

HY-16558R

Butein (Standard) 2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxy Chalcone (Standard)	Reference Standards EGFR Autophagy Apoptosis Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Cancer
Butein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butein is a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.4 μM for PDE4 . Butein is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 16 and 65 μM for EGFR and p60c-src in HepG2 cells . Butein sensitizes HeLa cells to Cisplatin through AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways by targeting FoxO3a . Butein is a SIRT1 activator (STAC).

HY-16900R

Rolipram (Standard) (R,S)-Rolipram (Standard); (±)-Rolipram (Standard); ZK 62711 (Standard)	Reference Standards Bacterial HIV Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Epigenetic Reader Domain Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease Cancer
Rolipram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rolipram (HY-16900). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rolipram is a PDE4 inhibitor, with blood-brain barrier permeability, that reverses β-amyloid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Rolipram elevates intracellular cAMP and clevels and regulates the *cAMP/CREB* signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. Rolipram promotes neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits Methamphetamine- and morphine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Rolipram also reduces the viability of glioblastoma stem-like cells and enhances Bevacizumab (HY-P9906)-induced cell death. Rolipram inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances central noradrenergic transmission. Rolipram is mainly used in studies related to various central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis .

HY-13749R

Sitagliptin (Standard) MK-0431 (Standard)	Reference Standards Dipeptidyl Peptidase GLP Receptor Endogenous Metabolite PKA ERK	Metabolic Disease
Sitagliptin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sitagliptin (HY-13749). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sitagliptin is an orally active and highly selective DPP4 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 19 nM. Sitagliptin blocks the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) by competing inhibition mechanism (Kᵢ = 1 nM), thereby increasing the level of active incretin. Sitagliptin can also directly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 by intestinal L cells by activating the *cAMP/PKA* and ERK1/2 pathways, and this effect is independent of DPP-4. Sitagliptin shows protective effects on pancreatic islet grafts in 1-type diabetes models. Sitagliptin can be used for the study of 1-type and 2-type diabetes.

HY-113402AR

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (Standard) γ-Glu-Cys TFA (Standard)	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

HY-N0113R

Hordenine (Standard) Ordenina (Standard); Peyocactine (Standard)	Reference Standards Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
Hordenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hordenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hordenine, an alkaloid found in plants, inhibits melanogenesis by suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production .

HY-N0113BR

Hordenine hydrochloride (Standard) Ordenina hydrochloride (Standard); Peyocactine hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Bacterial	Infection
Hordenine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hordenine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hordenine (hydrochloride), an alkaloid found in plants, inhibits melanogenesis by suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production[1].

HY-100927R

Ro 20-1724 (Standard) Ro 20-174 (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease
Ro 20-1724 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ro 20-1724. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ro 20-1724 (Ro 20-174) is a potent inhibitor of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4/PDE IV) with a Ki of 1930 nM. Neuroprotective effect .

HY-106358R

Andolast free base (Standard) CR 2039 free base (Standard); Dizolast free base (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Inflammation/Immunology
Andolast (free base) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Andolast (free base). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Andolast (CR 2039) (free base) is an anti-allergic agent. Andolast can inhibit cAMP-phosphodiesterase with an IC50 value of 50 μM. Andolast can be used for the research of asthma .

HY-B0531R

Triflusal (Standard)	Reference Standards COX Phosphodiesterase (PDE) NF-κB NO Synthase Prostaglandin Receptor	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Triflusal (Standard) is the analytical standard of Triflusal (HY-B0531). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Triflusal is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable dual Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)/cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation, NF-κB activation, iNOS activity, and prostaglandin synthesis in ischaemic tissue. Triflusal stimulates neutrophil nitric oxide production, eNOS protein expression, and cNOS activity. Triflusal alleviates cerebral ischemic injury in rats and ameliorates pathological lesions and related gene expression in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease models. Triflusal can be used for the research of thromboembolic/ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-B1428R

2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard) Ethenzamide (Standard)	Reference Standards Tyrosinase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PERK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Ethoxybenzamide (HY-B1428). 2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that shows analgesic and antipyretic effects. 2-Ethoxybenzamide induces melanin synthesis via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. 2-Ethoxybenzamide can be used in the research of hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases .

HY-19026R

Siguazodan (Standard) SKF 94836 (Standard)	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Reference Standards	Cardiovascular Disease
Siguazodan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Siguazodan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Siguazodan (SKF 94836) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE-III) inhibitor with an IC50 of 117 nM. Siguazodan increases cAMP accumulation in intact platelets with an EC50 of 18.88 μM. Siguazodan also inhibits phenylephrine-induced 5-HT release with an IC50 value of 4.2 μM .

HY-B0679R

Lubiprostone (Standard) RU-0211 (Standard); SPI-0211 (Standard)	Reference Standards Chloride Channel CFTR Glutathione Peroxidase NO Synthase TNF Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Lubiprostone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lubiprostone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lubiprostone (SPI-0211) increases intestinal fluid secretion through generation of CIC-2/CFTR and activation of *cAMP* signaling pathway. Lubiprostone inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, downregulates Indomethacin (HY-14397)-induced iNOS and TNFα expression. Lubiprostone can be used for chronic constipation research .

HY-103186R

MRS-1706 (Standard)	Reference Standards Adenosine Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
MRS-1706 (Standard) is the analytical standard of MRS-1706. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MRS-1706 is a potent and selective adenosine A2B receptor inverse agonist. MRS-1706 has Ki values of 1.39, 112, 157, and 230 nM for human A2B, A2A, A1 and A3 receptors respectively. MRS-1706 blocks adenosine-mediated cAMP induction .

HY-128932R

Cefminox sodium (Standard) MT-141 (Standard)	Reference Standards Antibiotic Bacterial PPAR Prostaglandin Receptor PTEN Akt mTOR	Infection Cardiovascular Disease Endocrinology
Cefminox (sodium) (MT-141) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cefminox (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cefminox sodium is a semisynthetic cephamycin, which exhibits antibacterial activity. Cefminox sodium is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefminox sodium also acts as a dual agonist of prostacyclin receptor (IP) and PPARγ. Cefminox sodium upregulates *cAMP* production and PTEN expression and inhibits Akt/mTOR signaling. Cefminox sodium also prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension in rat model .

HY-N8268R

Nordeoxycholic acid (Standard) 3α,12α-Dihydroxynorcholanic acid (Standard)	Drug Metabolite Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease
Reproterol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reproterol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in human monocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .

HY-123008R

Reproterol hydrochloride (Standard)	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Adrenergic Receptor Reference Standards	Others
Reproterol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reproterol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in human monocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .

HY-100936R

Etazolate hydrochloride (Standard) SQ 20009 (Standard); EHT 0202 hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE) GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Etazolate (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etazolate (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etazolate hydrochloride (SQ 20009) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) with an IC50 of 2 μM. Etazolate hydrochloride is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor regulator. Etazolate hydrochloride is an α-secretase activator and induced the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). Etazolate hydrochloride, a pyrazolopyridine class derivative, increases cAMP levels. Etazolate hydrochloride has anxiolyticlike, antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects .

HY-103565R

AMN082 (Standard)	Reference Standards mGluR	Neurological Disease
AMN082 (Standard) is the analytical standard of AMN082. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AMN082, a selective, orally active, and brain penetrant mGluR7 agonist, directly activates receptor signaling via an allosteric site in the transmembrane domain. AMN082 potently inhibits cAMP accumulation and stimulates GTPγS binding (EC50 values, 64-290 nM) at transfected mammalian cells expressing mGluR7. AMN082 shows selectivity over other mGluR subtypes and selected ionotropic glutamate receptors. Antidepressant effects .

HY-N8593R

Undecane (Standard)	Reference Standards Histamine Receptor p38 MAPK NF-κB TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Undecane (Standard) is an analytical standard of Undecane (HY-N8593).Undecane is a potent *cAMP* agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-N2118R

Bilobetin (Standard)	Reference Standards PPAR PKA Akt p38 MAPK ERK	Metabolic Disease
Bilobetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bilobetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity .

HY-103565AR

AMN082 free base (Standard)	Reference Standards mGluR	Neurological Disease
AMN082 (free base) (Standard) is the analytical standard of AMN082 (free base). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AMN082 free base, a selective, orally active, and brain penetrant mGluR7 agonist, directly activates receptor signaling via an allosteric site in the transmembrane domain. AMN082 free base potently inhibits cAMP accumulation and stimulates GTPγS binding (EC50 values, 64-290 nM) at transfected mammalian cells expressing mGluR7. AMN082 free base shows selectivity over other mGluR subtypes and selected ionotropic glutamate receptors. Antidepressant effects .

HY-W011683R

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Caspase Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology Cancer
2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate ((HY-W011683). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer .

HY-13749AR

Sitagliptin phosphate (Standard) MK-0431 phosphate (Standard)	Reference Standards Dipeptidyl Peptidase GLP Receptor Endogenous Metabolite PKA ERK	Metabolic Disease
Sitagliptin (MK-0431) phosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sitagliptin phosphate (HY-13749A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sitagliptin phosphate is an orally active and highly selective DPP4 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 19 nM. Sitagliptin phosphate blocks the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) by competing inhibition mechanism (Kᵢ = 1 nM), thereby increasing the level of active incretin. Sitagliptin phosphate can also directly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 by intestinal L cells by activating the *cAMP/PKA* and ERK1/2 pathways, and this effect is independent of DPP-4. Sitagliptin phosphate shows protective effects on pancreatic islet grafts in 1-type diabetes models. Sitagliptin phosphate can be used for the study of 1-type and 2-type diabetes.

HY-13749BR

Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (Standard) MK-0431 phosphate monohydrate (Standard)	Reference Standards Dipeptidyl Peptidase GLP Receptor Endogenous Metabolite PKA ERK	Metabolic Disease
Sitagliptin (MK-0431) phosphate monohydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (HY-13749B). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate is an orally active and highly selective DPP4 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 19 nM. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate blocks the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) by competing inhibition mechanism (Kᵢ = 1 nM), thereby increasing the level of active incretin. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate can also directly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 by intestinal L cells by activating the *cAMP/PKA* and ERK1/2 pathways, and this effect is independent of DPP-4. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate shows protective effects on pancreatic islet grafts in 1-type diabetes models. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate can be used for the study of 1-type and 2-type diabetes.

HY-N2038R

3,?5,?6,?7,?8,?3',?4'-?Heptemthoxyflavone (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease Cancer
3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone (HY-N2038). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone, a flavonoid from satsuma peel, is an orally available CREB activator with anti-tumor and anti-neuroinflammatory activity. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone inhibits collagenase activity and increases the content of type I procollagen in human dermal fibroblast neoblast (HDFn) cells. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression through the cAMP/ERK/CREB signaling pathway and reduces phosphodiesterase activity in C6 glioma .

HY-107543R

*8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP* sodium (Standard)** 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP sodium (Standard)	Reference Standards Ras	Cardiovascular Disease
8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (sodium) (HY-107543). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP) sodium, an analog of cAMP, is an activator of exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium activates Epac1 (EC₅₀ = 2.2 μM), but not PKA (EC₅₀ >10 μM). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium stimulates Epac-mediated Ca2+ release in pancreatic β-cells in vitro. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium is a Rap1 activator. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium enhances the retinal pigment epithelium barrier against the pathological choroidal endothelial cell invasion that occurs in macular degeneration .

HY-131763R

*2'-O-MB-cAMP* sodium (Standard)** 2'-O-Monobutyryl cyclic AMP sodium (Standard)	Drug Intermediate Reference Standards	Others
2'-O-MB-cAMP (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-O-MB-cAMP (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications.

HY-100530CR

Sp-cAMPS sodium salt (Standard)	PKA Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Sp-cAMPS (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sp-cAMPS (sodium salt) (HY-100530C). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sp-cAMPS sodium salt, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS sodium salt is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS sodium salt binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM .

HY-101572R

MHP (Standard) Methyl caprooyl tyrosinate (Standard)	SphK Reference Standards	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
MHP (Standard) is the analytical standard of MHP (HY-101572). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MHP (Methyl caprooyl tyrosinate) is an activator of sphingosine kinase (SPHK1), and significantly stimulates CAMP mRNA and protein production. MHP (Methyl caprooyl tyrosinate) enhances antimicrobial defense and innate immunity .

HY-102076R

0990CL (Standard)	Adrenergic Receptor Reference Standards	Others
0990CL (Standard) is the analytical standard of 0990CL (HY-102076). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 0990CL is a specific heterotrimeric Gαi subunit inhibitor by direct interaction with Gαi. 0990CL is able to block α2AR mediated regulation of cAMP .

HY-103194R

KH7 (Standard)	Reference Standards Adenylate Cyclase	Others
KH7 (Standard) is the analytical standard of KH7 (HY-103194). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. KH7 is a soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC)-specific inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 3-10 μM toward both recombinant purified human sACt protein and heterologously expressed sACt in cellular assays . KH7 is also a cAMP inhibitor .

HY-108539R

CE3F4 (Standard)	Reference Standards Ras	Cardiovascular Disease
CE3F4 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CE3F4 (HY-108539). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CE3F4 is a selective antagonist of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac1), with IC₅₀s of 10.7 μM and 66 μM for Epac1 and Epac2(B), respectively.

HY-103254R

ML221 (Standard)	Arrestin Apelin Receptor (APJ) Reference Standards	Neurological Disease
ML221 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ML221 (HY-103254). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ML221 is a potent apelin (APJ) functional antagonist, inhibiting apelin-13-mediated activation of APJ, with IC₅₀s of 0.70 μM in the cAMP assay, and 1.75 μM in the β-arrestin assay, and EC80 of 10 nM in both assays.

HY-103193R

NKH477 (Standard) Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Adenylate Cyclase	Cardiovascular Disease
NKH477 (Standard) is the analytical standard of NKH477 (HY-103193). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NKH477 (Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) directly activates the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP. NKH477 is a forskolin derivative that improves cardiac failure mainly through its beneficial effects on diastolic cardiac function. NKH477 exerts an antiproliferative effect in vivo with an altered cytokine profile to inhibit the acute rejection of rat orthotopic lung allografts .

HY-100984R

HA-100 (Standard)	PKA Reference Standards PKC Myosin ROCK	Cancer
HA-100 (Standard) is the analytical standard of HA-100 (HY-100984). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HA-100 is a potent protein kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 μM, 8 μM, 12 μM and 240 μM for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and MLC-kinase, respectively. HA-100 also used as a ROCK inhibitor .

HY-108618R

BC11-38 (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Endocrinology
BC11-38 (Standard) is the analytical standard of BC11-38 (HY-108618). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. BC11-38 is a potent, selective, and biologically active PDE11 inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 0.28 µM and >100 µM for PDE11 and PDE1-10, respectively. BC11-38 elevates cAMP levels, PKA-mediated ATF-1 phosphorylation, and cortisol production in H295R cells .

HY-108621R

RS-25344 hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RS-25344 hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of RS-25344 (hydrochloride) (HY-108621). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. RS-25344 hydrochloride is a selective cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4; PDE IV) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.28 nM in human lymphocytes. RS-25344 hydrochloride has only weak inhibitory effects on PDE I, II, III (IC₅₀ of >100 μM, 160 μM, 330 μM, respectively). RS-25344 hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory, memory- and cognition enhancing, and antineoplastic effects .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure