Hippuric acid
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Hippuric Acid is an orally active metabolite. Hippuric Acid can be produced by intestinal microorganisms from the metabolism of polyphenols, benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid decreases NRF2, MMP9 and leads to ROS accumulation. Hippuric Acid activates TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Hippuric Acid improves hyperuricemia and colitis. Hippuric Acid can also be used in cardiovascular disease research. .
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.98%
- CAS No.: 495-69-2
- Formula: C9H9NO3
- Molecular Weight:179.18
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hippuric acid
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
MMP9 |
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 25 μM; 24 h) co-incubated with Dexamethasone (HY-14648) significantly increases C2C12 myotube diameter, abrogates dexamethasone-induced reductions in myotube protein synthesis rates, and partially attenuates the increase in proteolysis in C2C12 myotubes under atrophy-like conditions[2].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 1-2 mM; 15 min) significantly reduces P-selectin/CD62P expression and inhibits PAC-1 activation-dependant antibody expression in platelets stimulated ex vivo via the P2Y1/P2Y12-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) pathway[3].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 0-1000 μM; 24 h) increases fibrosis-related gene expression, extracellular matrix imbalance, and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells[4].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 200-400 ng/mL; 24 h) increases ABCG2 expression and apical localization in Caco-2 cells[5].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 8 mg/mL; 24 h) decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promotes the expression of ZO-1 in NCM460 cells treated with dextran sulfate sodium[6].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, concentration equivalent to that in 2.5% serum from blueberry-diet-fed rats) inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorptive activity in nonadherent mouse bone marrow cells isolated from 4-week-old C57BL6/J mice[7].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HK-2 cells
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Concentration:0 μM, 62.5 μM, 125 μM, 250 μM, 500 μM, 1000 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Increased COL1A1, VIM, and ACTA2 protein levels, and reduced CDH1 levels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Attenuated MMP9 protein levels, while increasing TIMP1 levels.
Activated TGFβ/SMAD signaling, and the fibrotic responses were mediated by ROS activation of this pathway.
Inhibited the antioxidant pathway by downregulating NRF2 protein, as shown by reduced protein expression of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes (HO1 and NQO1).
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 4 weeks) alleviates hyperuricemia in mice by promoting intestinal urate excretion via enhancing ABCG2-mediated transport[5].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 50-150 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; 7 days) alleviates DSS-induced colitis in male C57BL/6J mice, as shown by reduced clinical activity, improved intestinal barrier integrity, and modulated gut microbiota[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male Sprague Dawley rats (7-week-old, weight not specified); 5/6 nephrectomy model[4]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, five times per week, for 10 weeks
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Result:Significantly increased levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and HA.
Showed increased tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, with larger COL1A1-, VIM-, and ACTA2-positive areas.
Revealed lower NRF2 levels.
Decreased activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH- Px.
Increased MDA levels in the kidneys, indicating redox imbalance.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 495-69-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 179.18
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Formula C9H9NO3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)CNC(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O
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Synonyms
Benzoylglycine
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Structure Classification
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Drug Des Devel Ther
Gut-Derived Hippuric Acid Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism via UGDH/FOXK1/CD36 Axis in Obese Mice. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3:20:595588. PMID: 41800297
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 75 mg/mL (418.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (20.93 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (37.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (20.93 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (37.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (291 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Niwa T, et al. Organic acids and the uremic syndrome: protein metabolite hypothesis in the progression of chronic renal failure. Semin Nephrol. 1996 May;16(3):167-82. [Content Brief]
[2]. Edwards SJ, et al. (-)-Epicatechin and its colonic metabolite hippuric acid protect against dexamethasone-induced atrophy in skeletal muscle cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2022 Dec;110:109150. [Content Brief]
[3]. Santhakumar AB, et al. The ex vivo antiplatelet activation potential of fruit phenolic metabolite hippuric acid. Food Funct. 2015 Aug;6(8):2679-83. [Content Brief]
[4]. Sun B, et al. Hippuric Acid Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Disrupting Redox Homeostasis via Facilitation of NRF2-KEAP1-CUL3 Interactions in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Aug 25;9(9):783. [Content Brief]
[5]. Xu YX, et al. Alistipes indistinctus-derived hippuric acid promotes intestinal urate excretion to alleviate hyperuricemia. Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Mar 13;32(3):366-381.e9. [Content Brief]
[6]. Yang Y, et al. Hippuric acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via suppressing inflammatory activity and modulating gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 May 28;710:149879. [Content Brief]
[7]. Zhao H, et al. Hippuric acid and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid inhibit murine osteoclastogenesis through RANKL-RANK independent pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2020 Jan;235(1):599-610. [Content Brief]
[9]. Chen JR, et al. GPR109A mediates the effects of hippuric acid on regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in mice. Commun Biol. 2021 Jan 8;4(1):53. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.5811 mL | 27.9057 mL | 55.8114 mL | 139.5284 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1162 mL | 5.5811 mL | 11.1623 mL | 27.9057 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5581 mL | 2.7906 mL | 5.5811 mL | 13.9528 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3721 mL | 1.8604 mL | 3.7208 mL | 9.3019 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2791 mL | 1.3953 mL | 2.7906 mL | 6.9764 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2232 mL | 1.1162 mL | 2.2325 mL | 5.5811 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1860 mL | 0.9302 mL | 1.8604 mL | 4.6509 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1395 mL | 0.6976 mL | 1.3953 mL | 3.4882 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1116 mL | 0.5581 mL | 1.1162 mL | 2.7906 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0930 mL | 0.4651 mL | 0.9302 mL | 2.3255 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0698 mL | 0.3488 mL | 0.6976 mL | 1.7441 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0558 mL | 0.2791 mL | 0.5581 mL | 1.3953 mL |
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