Cat. No.: HY-W016562

Hippuric acid

(Synonyms: Benzoylglycine)

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Hippuric Acid is an orally active metabolite. Hippuric Acid can be produced by intestinal microorganisms from the metabolism of polyphenols, benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid decreases NRF2, MMP9 and leads to ROS accumulation. Hippuric Acid activates TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Hippuric Acid improves hyperuricemia and colitis. Hippuric Acid can also be used in cardiovascular disease research. .

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.98%
CAS No.: 495-69-2
Formula: C₉H₉NO₃
Molecular Weight:179.18

Storage:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Hippuric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 495-69-2

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]. ^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

MMP9

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All MMP Isoforms :

All TGF-beta/Smad Isoforms :

Smad1
Smad3

In Vitro

Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 25 μM; 24 h) co-incubated with Dexamethasone (HY-14648) significantly increases C2C12 myotube diameter, abrogates dexamethasone-induced reductions in myotube protein synthesis rates, and partially attenuates the increase in proteolysis in C2C12 myotubes under atrophy-like conditions^[2].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 1-2 mM; 15 min) significantly reduces P-selectin/CD62P expression and inhibits PAC-1 activation-dependant antibody expression in platelets stimulated ex vivo via the P₂Y₁/P₂Y₁₂-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) pathway^[3].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 0-1000 μM; 24 h) increases fibrosis-related gene expression, extracellular matrix imbalance, and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells^[4].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 200-400 ng/mL; 24 h) increases ABCG2 expression and apical localization in Caco-2 cells^[5].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 8 mg/mL; 24 h) decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promotes the expression of ZO-1 in NCM460 cells treated with dextran sulfate sodium^[6].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, concentration equivalent to that in 2.5% serum from blueberry-diet-fed rats) inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorptive activity in nonadherent mouse bone marrow cells isolated from 4-week-old C57BL6/J mice^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

HK-2 cells
Concentration:

0 μM, 62.5 μM, 125 μM, 250 μM, 500 μM, 1000 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased COL1A1, VIM, and ACTA2 protein levels, and reduced CDH1 levels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Attenuated MMP9 protein levels, while increasing TIMP1 levels.
Activated TGFβ/SMAD signaling, and the fibrotic responses were mediated by ROS activation of this pathway.
Inhibited the antioxidant pathway by downregulating NRF2 protein, as shown by reduced protein expression of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes (HO1 and NQO1).

In Vivo

Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 100 mg/kg; i.p.; five times per week; 10 weeks) promotes renal fibrosis and dysfunction in 5/6 nephrectomized rats^[4].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 4 weeks) alleviates hyperuricemia in mice by promoting intestinal urate excretion via enhancing ABCG2-mediated transport^[5].
Hippuric Acid (Hippuric acid, 50-150 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; 7 days) alleviates DSS-induced colitis in male C57BL/6J mice, as shown by reduced clinical activity, improved intestinal barrier integrity, and modulated gut microbiota^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male Sprague Dawley rats (7-week-old, weight not specified); 5/6 nephrectomy model^[4]
Dosage:

100 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, five times per week, for 10 weeks
Result:

Significantly increased levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and HA.
Showed increased tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, with larger COL1A1-, VIM-, and ACTA2-positive areas.
Revealed lower NRF2 levels.
Decreased activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH- Px.
Increased MDA levels in the kidneys, indicating redox imbalance.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 495-69-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 179.18
Formula C₉H₉NO₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)CNC(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O
Synonyms

Benzoylglycine
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Drug Des Devel Ther

Gut-Derived Hippuric Acid Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism via UGDH/FOXK1/CD36 Axis in Obese Mice. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 3:20:595588. PMID: 41800297
Biomedicines

Hippuric Acid Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via the EGFL8-Notch Signaling Axis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 21;14(6):1400. PMID: 42351828

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 75 mg/mL (418.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.5811 mL

27.9057 mL

55.8114 mL

5 mM

1.1162 mL

5.5811 mL

11.1623 mL

10 mM

0.5581 mL

2.7906 mL

5.5811 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (20.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (37.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (20.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (37.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (20.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (37.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg
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g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (291 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Niwa T, et al. Organic acids and the uremic syndrome: protein metabolite hypothesis in the progression of chronic renal failure. Semin Nephrol. 1996 May;16(3):167-82. [Content Brief]

[2]. Edwards SJ, et al. (-)-Epicatechin and its colonic metabolite hippuric acid protect against dexamethasone-induced atrophy in skeletal muscle cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2022 Dec;110:109150. [Content Brief]

[3]. Santhakumar AB, et al. The ex vivo antiplatelet activation potential of fruit phenolic metabolite hippuric acid. Food Funct. 2015 Aug;6(8):2679-83. [Content Brief]

[4]. Sun B, et al. Hippuric Acid Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Disrupting Redox Homeostasis via Facilitation of NRF2-KEAP1-CUL3 Interactions in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Aug 25;9(9):783. [Content Brief]

[5]. Xu YX, et al. Alistipes indistinctus-derived hippuric acid promotes intestinal urate excretion to alleviate hyperuricemia. Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Mar 13;32(3):366-381.e9. [Content Brief]

[6]. Yang Y, et al. Hippuric acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via suppressing inflammatory activity and modulating gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 May 28;710:149879. [Content Brief]

[7]. Zhao H, et al. Hippuric acid and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid inhibit murine osteoclastogenesis through RANKL-RANK independent pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2020 Jan;235(1):599-610. [Content Brief]

[8]. Griffith W H. Inhibition of tissue respiration by sodium benzoate and sodium hippurate. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1937, 37(2): 279-280.

[9]. Chen JR, et al. GPR109A mediates the effects of hippuric acid on regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in mice. Commun Biol. 2021 Jan 8;4(1):53. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	5.5811 mL	27.9057 mL	55.8114 mL	139.5284 mL
	5 mM	1.1162 mL	5.5811 mL	11.1623 mL	27.9057 mL
	10 mM	0.5581 mL	2.7906 mL	5.5811 mL	13.9528 mL
	15 mM	0.3721 mL	1.8604 mL	3.7208 mL	9.3019 mL
	20 mM	0.2791 mL	1.3953 mL	2.7906 mL	6.9764 mL
	25 mM	0.2232 mL	1.1162 mL	2.2325 mL	5.5811 mL
	30 mM	0.1860 mL	0.9302 mL	1.8604 mL	4.6509 mL
	40 mM	0.1395 mL	0.6976 mL	1.3953 mL	3.4882 mL
	50 mM	0.1116 mL	0.5581 mL	1.1162 mL	2.7906 mL
	60 mM	0.0930 mL	0.4651 mL	0.9302 mL	2.3255 mL
	80 mM	0.0698 mL	0.3488 mL	0.6976 mL	1.7441 mL
	100 mM	0.0558 mL	0.2791 mL	0.5581 mL	1.3953 mL

Keywords

Hippuric acid

2 Cited Publications

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Hippuric acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hippuric acid

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

All MMP Isoforms

All TGF-beta/Smad Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Hippuric acid Related Classifications

HY-W016562 Related Classifications