Cat. No.: HY-B0141

Estradiol

(Synonyms: β-Estradiol; E2; 17β-Estradiol; 17β-Oestradiol)

124 Cited Publications

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Based on 124 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Estradiol (β-Estradiol) is a steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Estradiol can up-regulate the expression of neural markers of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and promote their neural differentiation. Estradiol can be used for the research of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 50-28-2
Formula: C₁₈H₂₄O₂
Molecular Weight:272.39

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Estradiol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 50-28-2

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
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Chemical Information
Publications (124)
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Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Estrogen Receptor/ERR Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
B16-F10	IC₅₀	39.81 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity mouse B16F10 cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity mouse B16F10 cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
CHO	EC₅₀	38.4 μM Compound: 55	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
CHO	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity against CHO cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against CHO cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in CHO-K1 cells by luciferase reporter gene transactivation assay Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in CHO-K1 cells by luciferase reporter gene transactivation assay	[PMID: 20553023]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in CHO-K1 cells by luciferase reporter gene transactivation assay Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in CHO-K1 cells by luciferase reporter gene transactivation assay	[PMID: 20553023]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.036 nM Compound: E2	Transcriptional activation of ERbeta receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Transcriptional activation of ERbeta receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22647217]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.05 nM Compound: E2	Transcriptional activation of ERalpha receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Transcriptional activation of ERalpha receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22647217]
COS-1	EC₅₀	2.4 nM Compound: 1	In vitro agonist activity for estrogen receptor alpha expressed in COS-1 cells In vitro agonist activity for estrogen receptor alpha expressed in COS-1 cells	[PMID: 15713407]
COS-1	EC₅₀	9.7 nM Compound: 1	In vitro agonist activity for estrogen receptor beta expressed in COS-1 cells In vitro agonist activity for estrogen receptor beta expressed in COS-1 cells	[PMID: 15713407]
COS-7	EC₅₀	0.3 nM Compound: 17beta-estradiol	Agonist activity at GFP-tagged GPR30 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as half life for increase in intracellular calcium level by spectrofluorimetry Agonist activity at GFP-tagged GPR30 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as half life for increase in intracellular calcium level by spectrofluorimetry	[PMID: 16520733]
COS-7	EC₅₀	11 nM Compound: Estradiol	Agonist activity at estrogen receptor beta ligand binding domain expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with Gal4-LBD by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at estrogen receptor beta ligand binding domain expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with Gal4-LBD by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19863083]
COS-7	EC₅₀	3.2 nM Compound: Estradiol	Agonist activity at estrogen receptor alpha ligand binding domain expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with Gal4-LBD by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at estrogen receptor alpha ligand binding domain expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with Gal4-LBD by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19863083]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.13 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at full-length human estrogen receptor beta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at full-length human estrogen receptor beta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19128016]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at full-length human estrogen receptor alpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at full-length human estrogen receptor alpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19128016]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional potency after 24 hrs by luciferase-beta galactosidase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional potency after 24 hrs by luciferase-beta galactosidase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19286283]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.5 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional potency after 24 hrs by luciferase-beta galactosidase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional potency after 24 hrs by luciferase-beta galactosidase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19286283]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.09 nM Compound: Estradiol	Agonist activity at human full-length ERalpha receptor expressed in human HEC1 cells co-expressing (ERE)2-pS2-luc gene assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human full-length ERalpha receptor expressed in human HEC1 cells co-expressing (ERE)2-pS2-luc gene assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 21481497]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.72 nM Compound: Estradiol	Agonist activity at human full-length ERbeta receptor expressed in human HEC1 cells co-expressing (ERE)2-pS2-luc gene assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human full-length ERbeta receptor expressed in human HEC1 cells co-expressing (ERE)2-pS2-luc gene assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 21481497]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.123 nM Compound: E2, 17beta-E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HEC-1 cells coexpressing beta-gal assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HEC-1 cells coexpressing beta-gal assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22122563]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.2 nM Compound: E2, 17beta-E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HEC-1 cells coexpressing beta-gal assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HEC-1 cells coexpressing beta-gal assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22122563]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.16 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by ERE-luciferase reporter gene transfection assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by ERE-luciferase reporter gene transfection assay	[PMID: 25559213]
HEC-1	EC₅₀	0.38 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by ERE-luciferase reporter gene transfection assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in human HEC1 cells assessed as transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by ERE-luciferase reporter gene transfection assay	[PMID: 25559213]
HEK293	IC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: beta-Estradiol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT2-expressing HEK293 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT2-expressing HEK293 cells	[PMID: 12110607]
HEK293	IC₅₀	2.88 μM Compound: beta-Estradiol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT3-expressing HEK293 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT3-expressing HEK293 cells	[PMID: 12110607]
HEK293	IC₅₀	5.73 μM Compound: beta-Estradiol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT1-expressing HEK293 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.25 uM) in OCT1-expressing HEK293 cells	[PMID: 12110607]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.75 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Effect on transactivation of ALP gene expression in HEK293 cells transfected with hERalpha Effect on transactivation of ALP gene expression in HEK293 cells transfected with hERalpha	[PMID: 16309907]
HEK293	EC₅₀	2.1 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Effect on transactivation of ALP gene expression in HEK293 cells transfected with hERbeta Effect on transactivation of ALP gene expression in HEK293 cells transfected with hERbeta	[PMID: 16309907]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.75 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human recombinant ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay Agonist activity at human recombinant ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay	[PMID: 17448656]
HEK293	EC₅₀	2.1 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human recombinant ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay Agonist activity at human recombinant ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay	[PMID: 17448656]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.75 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay	[PMID: 17890084]
HEK293	EC₅₀	2.1 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay Agonist activity at ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by transactivation assay	[PMID: 17890084]
HEK293	EC₅₀	4.6 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at ZFP-fused ERRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293 cells by TR-FRET assay Agonist activity at ZFP-fused ERRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293 cells by TR-FRET assay	[PMID: 21218783]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.046 nM Compound: 1	Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in HEK cells co-expressing beta-lactamase after 18 hrs by beta-lactamase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at ERalpha expressed in HEK cells co-expressing beta-lactamase after 18 hrs by beta-lactamase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 21885279]
HEK293	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: Estradiol	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.024 nM Compound: beta-Est	Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 25305688]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.085 nM Compound: beta-Est	Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 25305688]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.09 nM Compound: E2	Selective estrogen receptor down-regulator activity at FLAG-tagged ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ERalpha degradation by luciferase reporter gene assay Selective estrogen receptor down-regulator activity at FLAG-tagged ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ERalpha degradation by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 30940565]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.13 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at FLAG-tagged ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ER-alpha-mediated transcriptional activity by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at FLAG-tagged ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ER-alpha-mediated transcriptional activity by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 30940565]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	10.4 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at human ERbeta E305A mutant expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing ERE assessed as transactivation activity by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta E305A mutant expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing ERE assessed as transactivation activity by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 20659801]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	2.5 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at human ERalpha E353A mutant expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing ERE assessed as transactivation activity by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha E353A mutant expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing ERE assessed as transactivation activity by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 20659801]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.02 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Activation of estrogen response element in HeLa cells stably transfected with human Estrogen receptor alpha. Activation of estrogen response element in HeLa cells stably transfected with human Estrogen receptor alpha.	[PMID: 11906280]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.07 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Activation of estrogen response element in HeLa cells stably transfected with human Estrogen receptor beta. Activation of estrogen response element in HeLa cells stably transfected with human Estrogen receptor beta.	[PMID: 11906280]
HeLa	IC₅₀	24 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor beta expressed in HeLa cells Inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor beta expressed in HeLa cells	[PMID: 15658851]
HeLa	IC₅₀	28 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor alpha expressed in HeLa cells Inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor alpha expressed in HeLa cells	[PMID: 15658851]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.59 nM Compound: (+)-3,17-beta-estradiol	Inhibition of ER beta-mediated transactivation of ERE in HeLa cell luciferase assay at 10 uM Inhibition of ER beta-mediated transactivation of ERE in HeLa cell luciferase assay at 10 uM	[PMID: 16610787]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.84 nM Compound: (+)-3,17-beta-estradiol	Inhibition of ER beta-mediated transactivation of ERE in HeLa cell luciferase assay Inhibition of ER beta-mediated transactivation of ERE in HeLa cell luciferase assay	[PMID: 16610787]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.21 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 31879182]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.37 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 31879182]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: 38	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37077378]
Hepatocyte	EC₅₀	1.9 μM Compound: Estradiol	Induction of CYP2B6 mRNA expression in human donor hepatocytes after 48 hrs by real-time PCR method Induction of CYP2B6 mRNA expression in human donor hepatocytes after 48 hrs by real-time PCR method	[PMID: 22815312]
Hepatocyte	EC₅₀	4.1 μM Compound: Estradiol	Induction of CYP2B6 activity in human donor hepatocytes assessed as hydroxybupropion formation after 48 hrs by LC/MS method Induction of CYP2B6 activity in human donor hepatocytes assessed as hydroxybupropion formation after 48 hrs by LC/MS method	[PMID: 22815312]
HepG2	EC₅₀	11 nM Compound: E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22283328]
HepG2	EC₅₀	2.2 nM Compound: E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22283328]
HRPE	IC₅₀	1.1 μM Compound: beta-Estradiol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM) in OCT3-expressing HRPE cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM) in OCT3-expressing HRPE cells	[PMID: 9830022]
HRPE	IC₅₀	84.8 μM Compound: beta-Estradiol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM) in OCT2-expressing HRPE cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM) in OCT2-expressing HRPE cells	[PMID: 9830022]
Ishikawa	EC₅₀	0.047 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Estrogenic activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa Var-1 cells assessed as stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity measured by metabolism of p-nitrophenol phosphatase after 72 hrs Estrogenic activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa Var-1 cells assessed as stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity measured by metabolism of p-nitrophenol phosphatase after 72 hrs	[PMID: 15568770]
Ishikawa	EC₅₀	0.9 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa cells assessed as increase of alkaline phosphatase level after 3 days using P-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate Agonist activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa cells assessed as increase of alkaline phosphatase level after 3 days using P-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate	[PMID: 22178552]
Ishikawa	EC₅₀	24.6 pM Compound: E2	Estrogenic activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa cells assessed as induction of alkaline phosphatase expression after 72 hrs by microplate reader Estrogenic activity at estrogen receptor in human Ishikawa cells assessed as induction of alkaline phosphatase expression after 72 hrs by microplate reader	[PMID: 22464681]
Ishikawa	EC₅₀	0.01 nM Compound: 1	Concentration of compound required to induce 50 % of the maximum stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells Concentration of compound required to induce 50 % of the maximum stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells	[PMID: 8201587]
JEG-3	IC₅₀	84 μM Compound: 17-a Estradiol	Inhibition of steroid sulfatase activity of JEG-3 cells Inhibition of steroid sulfatase activity of JEG-3 cells	[PMID: 11087571]
JEG-3	IC₅₀	84 μM Compound: 3	Estrone sulfatase activity against homogenized human JEG-3 cells was determined by measuring the [3H]E1 obtained from [3H]E1S Estrone sulfatase activity against homogenized human JEG-3 cells was determined by measuring the [3H]E1 obtained from [3H]E1S	[PMID: 9873454]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.007 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Agonist effect on transcriptional activation in MCF-7 cells expressing estrogen receptor alpha Agonist effect on transcriptional activation in MCF-7 cells expressing estrogen receptor alpha	[PMID: 10673099]
MCF7	IC₅₀	32 μM Compound: estradiol	Inhibitory concentration against MCF-7 (ER+) cell line using SRB assay Inhibitory concentration against MCF-7 (ER+) cell line using SRB assay	[PMID: 12565971]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.01 nM Compound: 4 (estradiol (E2))	Percent agonistic activity for estrogen-induced pS2 expression in MCF-7 cells Percent agonistic activity for estrogen-induced pS2 expression in MCF-7 cells	[PMID: 12749898]
MCF7	ED₅₀	0.00456 nM Compound: 2	Functional ERalpha receptor activity in transcriptional activation assay in MCF-7 cells Functional ERalpha receptor activity in transcriptional activation assay in MCF-7 cells	[PMID: 12824043]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.01 nM Compound: 1 (17-beta-estradiol)	Effective concentration against MCF-7 breast tumor cells using MCF-7 assay. Effective concentration against MCF-7 breast tumor cells using MCF-7 assay.	[PMID: 12825935]
MCF7	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: estradiol	Displacement of [3H]estradiol from Estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells Displacement of [3H]estradiol from Estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells	[PMID: 1548683]
MCF7	EC₅₀	8.0 x 10^-11 M Compound: estradiol	Effective concentration against human ER positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line evaluated by luciferase assay Effective concentration against human ER positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line evaluated by luciferase assay	[PMID: 16190777]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.01 nM Compound: 1	Effect on ERalpha in MCF7 cell line transfected with ER responsive luciferase reporter Effect on ERalpha in MCF7 cell line transfected with ER responsive luciferase reporter	[PMID: 16219463]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.4 nM Compound: estrogen	Inhibition of chemoattractant-induced cell migration of human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by transwell migration assay Inhibition of chemoattractant-induced cell migration of human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by transwell migration assay	[PMID: 16520733]
MCF7	EC₅₀	3.7 x 10^-12 M Compound: estradiol	Estrogenic activity in human MCF7 cells assessed as cell proliferation after 6 days by WST8 assay Estrogenic activity in human MCF7 cells assessed as cell proliferation after 6 days by WST8 assay	[PMID: 18760603]
MCF7	EC₅₀	10 nM Compound: E2	Agonist activity at human ERalpha LBD in human MCF7 cells assessed as induction of cell proliferation after up to 6 days by celltiter-glo assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha LBD in human MCF7 cells assessed as induction of cell proliferation after up to 6 days by celltiter-glo assay	[PMID: 21218783]
MCF7	EC₅₀	6.4 pM Compound: E2	Antiproliferative activity against estrogen-deficient human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against estrogen-deficient human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22464681]
MCF7	IC₅₀	27.35 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity human ER-positive MCF7 cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity human ER-positive MCF7 cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.0084 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERalpha in human MCF7 cells assessed as progesterone receptor endogenous genes activation after 24 hrs by qPCR Agonist activity at human ERalpha in human MCF7 cells assessed as progesterone receptor endogenous genes activation after 24 hrs by qPCR	[PMID: 25559213]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.3 nM Compound: estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERbeta in human MCF7 cells assessed as otubain 2 endogenous genes activation after 24 hrs by qPCR Agonist activity at human ERbeta in human MCF7 cells assessed as otubain 2 endogenous genes activation after 24 hrs by qPCR	[PMID: 25559213]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.02 nM Compound: E2	Effective dose for [3H]- estradiol against proliferation of MCF-7 cells Effective dose for [3H]- estradiol against proliferation of MCF-7 cells	[PMID: 2769681]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.996 x 10^-10 M Compound: estradiol	Affinity estrogen receptor of MCF-7 human mammary cancer cells Affinity estrogen receptor of MCF-7 human mammary cancer cells	[PMID: 8627615]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.292 nM Compound: estradiol	Induction of pS2 mRNA expression in human MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells Induction of pS2 mRNA expression in human MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells	[PMID: 8627615]
MCF7	EC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: estradiol	Stimulation of MCF-7 cell proliferation Stimulation of MCF-7 cell proliferation	[PMID: 8941399]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.32 nM Compound: estradiol	Effect on estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation Effect on estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation	[PMID: 8941399]
MCF7	EC₅₀	1.8 x 10^-10 M Compound: estradiol	Affinity for estrogen receptor of human MCF-7 cells Affinity for estrogen receptor of human MCF-7 cells	[PMID: 9371241]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: estradiol	Inhibitory concentration against MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cell line using SRB assay Inhibitory concentration against MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cell line using SRB assay	[PMID: 12565971]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	33.46 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity human ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity human ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
MIA PaCa-2	IC₅₀	42.93 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity human MIAPaCa2 cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity human MIAPaCa2 cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ES	Antiproliferative activity mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 2 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25222876]
SAOS-2	ED₅₀	4.7 nM Compound: 2	Functional Estrogen receptor beta activity by metallothionein induction in SAOS-2 cells Functional Estrogen receptor beta activity by metallothionein induction in SAOS-2 cells	[PMID: 12824043]
Sf9	IC₅₀	12.5 nM Compound: E2	Displacement of [3H]17beta-estradiol from human ERalpha expressed in SF9 cells Displacement of [3H]17beta-estradiol from human ERalpha expressed in SF9 cells	[PMID: 19836949]
SH-SY5Y	EC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: 17-beta-estradiol	Agonist activity in transcriptional activation assay in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing Estrogen receptor beta Agonist activity in transcriptional activation assay in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing Estrogen receptor beta	[PMID: 11906280]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: estrogen	Inhibition of chemoattractant-induced cell migration of human SK-BR-3 cells after 48 hrs by transwell migration assay Inhibition of chemoattractant-induced cell migration of human SK-BR-3 cells after 48 hrs by transwell migration assay	[PMID: 16520733]
T47D	EC₅₀	0.07 nM Compound: 17-beta-E2	Agonist effect on transcriptional activation in T47D cells expressing estrogen receptor alpha Agonist effect on transcriptional activation in T47D cells expressing estrogen receptor alpha	[PMID: 12459017]
T47D	EC₅₀	0.8 nM Compound: 17-beta-E2	Agonist effect on transcriptional activation of T47D cells expressing human estrogen receptor beta Agonist effect on transcriptional activation of T47D cells expressing human estrogen receptor beta	[PMID: 12459017]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.019 nM Compound: estradiol	Transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor alpha in U2OS cell using estrogen-regulated luciferase reporter gene plasmid upon incubation for 20-30 mins at RT Transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor alpha in U2OS cell using estrogen-regulated luciferase reporter gene plasmid upon incubation for 20-30 mins at RT	[PMID: 16162002]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.098 nM Compound: estradiol	Transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor beta in U2OS cell using estrogen-regulated luciferase reporter gene plasmid upon incubation for 20-30 mins at RT Transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor beta in U2OS cell using estrogen-regulated luciferase reporter gene plasmid upon incubation for 20-30 mins at RT	[PMID: 16162002]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.15 nM Compound: E2, 17beta-E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing pCMX-hSRC3 assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERalpha expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing pCMX-hSRC3 assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22122563]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.4 nM Compound: E2, 17beta-E2, estradiol	Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing pCMX-hSRC3 assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human ERbeta expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing pCMX-hSRC3 assessed as luciferase activity after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22122563]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.004 nM Compound: E2	Activation of human ERalpha expressed in human U2-OS cells by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control Activation of human ERalpha expressed in human U2-OS cells by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control	[PMID: 23043242]
U2OS	EC₅₀	0.01 nM Compound: E2	Activation of human ERbeta expressed in human U2-OS cells by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control Activation of human ERbeta expressed in human U2-OS cells by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control	[PMID: 23043242]

In Vitro

Estradiol (10 nM, 7 days) induces neural differentiation and increased neurite branching of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs)^[1].
Estradiol (17β-estradiol, 10 nM, 7 days) increases the expression of neuron-like cell markers (Tuj-1, nestin and NF-H) in neural-like cells differentiated from hEnSCs^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Differentiation Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Isolated human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) from human endometrial tissue
Concentration:

10 nM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Increased the number of neurite processes including neural differentiation and neurite branching.

Immunofluorescence^[1]

Cell Line:

Isolated human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) from human endometrial tissue
Concentration:

10 nM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Increased the percentage of neural marker (Tuj-1, nestin and NF-H)-positive cells of 62.2±1.3%, 71.5±4% and 51.2±1.5% respectively.

In Vivo

Estradiol (1 nM, the hippocampal slices from FBN-ARO-KO mice) rescues long-term potentiation (LTP) amplitude^[1].
Estradiol (0.0167 mg, implanted s.c., FBN-ARO-KO mice) rescues the molecular and functional deficits in FBN-ARO-KO mice^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

FBN-ARO-KO Mice^[2]
Dosage:

1 nM
Administration:

Treated for the hippocampal slices
Result:

Rescued long-term potentiation (LTP) amplitude of both male and female mice.

Animal Model:

FBN-ARO-KO Mice^[2]
Dosage:

0.0167 mg
Administration:

Alzet minipumps with Estradiol (implanted s.c.), examined 7 days after minipump implantation.
Result:

Restored hippocampal and cortical E2 levels to 93%, phosphorylation of AKT, ERK and CREB in the hippocampus and cortex to 90-95%, BDNF level to 80-90%, restored both synaptophysin and PSD95 in the forebrain.
Rescued the spatial learning and memory defects.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 50-28-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 272.39
Formula C₁₈H₂₄O₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@@]1([C@H]2O)[C@](CC2)([H])[C@@](CCC3=C4C=CC(O)=C3)([H])[C@]4([H])CC1
Synonyms

β-Estradiol; E2; 17β-Estradiol; 17β-Oestradiol
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Monophenols
- Steroids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (124)

All WBCell Proliferation/Viability AssayRT-PCR

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Metab

Sensing steroid hormone 17α-hydroxypregnenolone by GPR56 enables protection from ferroptosis-induced liver injury. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 5;36(11):2402-2418.e10. PMID: 39389061
Bioact Mater

Biomimetic gender-specific human skin model based on gonads/epidermis-on-a-chip. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15:53:240-252. PMID: 40697396
Cancer Res

Estrogen Production in Pancreatic Cancer Shapes a Tumor Suppressive Stromal Microenvironment. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 19. PMID: 41258799
Nat Commun

Harnessing artificial intelligence to identify Bufalin as a molecular glue degrader of estrogen receptor alpha. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 22;16(1):7854. PMID: 40846852
Bone Res

C/EBPβ dictates postmenopausal FSHβ transcription and blockade of AEP/C/EBPβ pathway alleviates osteoporosis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 17;14(1):31. PMID: 41844581
Nat Chem Biol

Structures of the ADGRG2-Gs complex in apo and ligand-bound forms. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;18(11):1196-1203. PMID: 35982227
Neuro Oncol

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 22 activates integrin β1 through its disintegrin domain to promote the progression of pituitary adenoma. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. PMID: 37555799
Theranostics

Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD/NASH development. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 29;10(24):10874-10891. PMID: 33042259

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2020 Aug 29;10(24):10874-10891. [Abstract]

Estradiol (E2) (100 nM; 36 h) treatment can enhance the expression of ERRα and VLDL-related genes such as Apob, Mttp and Pla2g12b, whereas the induction is blocked with loss of ERRα in primary hepatocytes.
J Adv Res

Dual regulation of phaseol on osteoclast formation and osteoblast differentiation by targeting TAK1 kinase for osteoporosis treatment. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 9:S2090-1232(24)00565-4. PMID: 39662728
Engineering

2025 Aug 27.
Biosens Bioelectron

Split aptamer regulated CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for 17β-estradiol through a gap-enhanced Raman tags based lateral ﬂow strategy. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 1:215:114548. PMID: 35870335
Pharmacol Res

Potential synthetic lethality for breast cancer: A selective sirtuin 2 inhibitor combined with a multiple kinase inhibitor sorafenib. [Abstract]

2022 Mar:177:106050. PMID: 34973468
ACS Cent Sci

An Epigenetic Switch for Sex-Specific Brain Resilience in Stroke: Targeting HDAC2 to Amplify Endogenous Oxytocin Signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;12(4):497-523. PMID: 42038487
Cell Death Dis

CD44/HA signaling mediates acquired resistance to a PI3Kα inhibitor. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 6;11(10):831. PMID: 33024087
Genome Biol

Endometrial tumorigenesis involves epigenetic plasticity demarcating non-coding somatic mutations and 3D-genome alterations. [Abstract]

2025 May 9;26(1):124. PMID: 40346709
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

TRIM24 as a therapeutic target in endocrine treatment-resistant breast cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2507571122. PMID: 40815626
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle

Oestrogen Receptor Alpha in Myocyte Maintains Muscle Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;16(2):e13807. PMID: 40258782
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Androgen receptors in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons mediate the sexual dimorphism in restraint-induced thymic atrophy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 25;122(12):e2426107122. PMID: 40106355
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Acetylation Mediating Muscle Dysfunction Contributes to Sleep Apnoea in Obesity. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;16(1):e13693. PMID: 39901373

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2025 Feb;16(1):e13693. [Abstract]

Estradiol (E2) (10-100 nM) exhibites an increase in the SIRT1 protein level in C2C12 cells, without significantly affecting the mRNA level.
Cell Commun Signal

Increased HERV-E clone 4-1 expression contributes to DNA hypomethylation and IL-17 release from CD4+ T cells via miR-302d/MBD2 in systemic lupus erythematosus. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 14;17(1):94. PMID: 31412880
Int J Biol Macromol

Reticuline isomerase AKR1B1 with aldo-keto reductase activity and detoxification function from the insect Blaps rhynchopetera. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:352:151224. PMID: 41791543
Int J Biol Macromol

Estrogen-mediated oar-miR-485-5p targets PPP1R13B to regulate myoblast proliferation in sheep. [Abstract]

2023 May 1:236:123987. PMID: 36906210

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 May 1:236:123987. [Abstract]

Estradiol (1-100 nM; 6-72 h) promotes the proliferation of sheep myoblasts.
Phytomedicine

Kaempferol targets Src to exert its chemopreventive effects on mammary tumorigenesis via regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:141:156701. PMID: 40220416
Phytomedicine

Glycyrol alleviates osteoporosis through dual modulation on osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis by targeting Syk signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar:138:156429. PMID: 39939034
Phytomedicine

Dihydrotanshinone I targets ESR1 to induce DNA double-strand breaks and proliferation inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 25:130:155767. PMID: 38833789
Phytomedicine

Paeonol ameliorates endometrial hyperplasia in mice via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway-related ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Jan:109:154593. PMID: 36610113
Free Radic Biol Med

17β-estradiol plays the anti-osteoporosis role via a novel ESR1-Keap1-Nrf2 axis-mediated stress response activation and Tmem119 upregulation. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 1:195:231-244. PMID: 36592659
Chemosphere

Early pregnancy exposure to Microcystin-LR compromises endometrial decidualization in mice via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Oct:366:143466. PMID: 39369752
Sci Total Environ

Insights into the role of FoxL2 in tebuconazole-induced male- biased sex differentiation of zebrafish. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 6:947:174543. PMID: 38977095

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jul 6:947:174543. [Abstract]

Estradiol (E2) (1 μM, 8 h) alone or in combination with TEB (100 μM, 8 h) (TEB + E2) significantly increases the protein expression levels of FoxL2 and pFoxL2 (Ser238) in ZF4 cells.
Sci Total Environ

Integrated toxicity of secondary, tertiary, wetland effluents on human stem cells triggered by ERα and PPARγ agonists. [Abstract]

2024 May 25:173419. PMID: 38802024
NPJ Breast Cancer

Estrogen receptor inhibition mediates radiosensitization of ER-positive breast cancer models. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 10;8(1):31. PMID: 35273179
J Transl Med

Pleiotrophin modulates cell proliferation, prostate smooth muscle contraction and fibrosis in hyperplastic prostate. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 17;23(1):1128. PMID: 41107820
Biomed Pharmacother

Chemopreventive effects of atractylenolide-III on mammary tumorigenesis via activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway through autophagic degradation of Keap1. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 3:176:116852. PMID: 38834007
J Transl Med

Identification and functional activity of Nik related kinase (NRK) in benign hyperplastic prostate. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 9;22(1):255. PMID: 38459501
Biomed Pharmacother

Coupling the near-infrared fluorescent dye IR-780 with cabazitaxel makes renal cell carcinoma chemotherapy possible. [Abstract]

2019 Aug:116:109001. PMID: 31146114
Environ Pollut

Benzophenone-1 induced aberrant proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells via activated ERα and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 1;292(Pt B):118370. PMID: 34656677
Environ Pollut

Screening of potential oestrogen receptor α agonists in pesticides via in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 1;270:116015. PMID: 33352482

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 1;270:116015. [Abstract]

Estradiol (1-10 nM; 24 h) significantly induces mRNA expression of both pS2 and NRF1 genes in MCF-7 cells.
Aging Cell

Senescence-Driven Remodeling Defines an Aggressive and Immunomodulatory Subtype of Endometriosis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;25(4):e70463. PMID: 41891132
Aging Cell

The activation of cGAS-STING pathway causes abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 7:e14303. PMID: 39113346

Estradiol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Aging Cell. 2024 Aug 7:e14303. [Abstract]

Estradiol (3-25 ng/mouse; s.c.; for 7 consecutive days) significantly decreases LAMIN A levels while increasing PROGERIN and PRELAMIN A levels in the uteri of mice injected with 10 ng or 25 ng, compared to those receiving the 3 ng dose.
J Med Chem

Discovery of the First-In-Class HSD17B13/PPAR Multitarget Modulators for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15. PMID: 41088966
J Med Chem

Discovery of Highly Potent, Selective, and Liver-Targeting HSD17B13 Inhibitor with Robust In Vivo Anti-MASH Activity. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 12;68(11):11127-11148. PMID: 40387207
J Med Chem

Discovery of First-in-Class FXR and HSD17B13 Dual Modulator for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 27;68(6):6127-6148. PMID: 39851255
Br J Cancer

Androgen and oestrogen receptor co-expression determines the efficacy of hormone receptor-mediated radiosensitisation in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;127(5):927-936. PMID: 35618789
J Med Chem

Activators of the Anticipatory Unfolded Protein Response with Enhanced Selectivity for Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 10;65(5):3894-3912. PMID: 35080871
Anal Chem

High-Throughput Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Targeted Derivatization and Analysis of Poorly Ionized Small Molecules. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 16;98(23):16962-16970. PMID: 42223360
NPJ Regen Med

Macrophages maintain mammary stem cell activity and mammary homeostasis via TNF-α-PI3K-Cdk1/Cyclin B1 axis. [Abstract]

2023 May 2;8(1):23. PMID: 37130846
J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Cysteine dioxygenase and taurine are essential for embryo implantation by involving in E2-ERα and P4-PR signaling in mouse. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 5;14(1):6. PMID: 36604722
Mol Med

A novel mechanism of FTO modulating the progression of endometriosis through mediating the m6A methylation of GEF-H1 in a YTHDF1-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 25;31(1):78. PMID: 40000966
Phytother Res

Identification of Sinigrin as Active Compound of Rape Pollen for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis. [Abstract]

2025 May 8. PMID: 40343383
Cell Mol Life Sci

Upregulated YTHDC1 mediates trophoblastic dysfunction inducing preterm birth in ART conceptions through enhanced RPL37 translation. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 27;82(1):17. PMID: 39725796
Hum Reprod

Harmine inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, thus regulating the polarization of macrophages mediated by extracellular adenosine in endometriosis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:deaf130. PMID: 40730246
JCI Insight

Dynamic transcriptome analysis of osteal macrophages identifies a distinct subset with senescence features in experimental osteoporosis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 31:e182418. PMID: 39480497
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Impaired GPX4 activity elicits ferroptosis in alveolar type II cells promoting PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis development. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 2:281:116680. PMID: 38964057
Hum Reprod

Hypomethylation of the GSTM1 promoter is associated with ovarian endometriosis. [Abstract]

2019 May 1;34(5):804-812. PMID: 30989213
Biochem Pharmacol

Mutant NPM1-regulated estrogen signaling promotes leukemia cell survival by upregulating HGF and represents a therapeutic vulnerability. [Abstract]

2026 May:247:117796. PMID: 41679667
Biochem Pharmacol

Estradiol alleviated chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure by blocking the ferroptosis via activating ESR2/Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 29;243(Pt 1):117481. PMID: 41173058
Biochem Pharmacol

Sex differences in the metabolic activation of and platelet response to vicagrel in mice: Androgen as a key player. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;230(Pt 1):116564. PMID: 39366431
Genome Res

Estrogen receptor 1 chromatin profiling in human breast tumors reveals high inter-patient heterogeneity with enrichment of risk SNPs and enhancer activity at most-conserved regions. [Abstract]

2024 May 15;34(4):539-555. PMID: 38719469
Pain

Difference of pain vulnerability in adult and juvenile rodents: the role of SIRT1-mediated ClC-3 trafficking in sensory neurons. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 1;162(6):1882-1896. PMID: 33433144
J Ethnopharmacol

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle mitigates perimenopausal symptoms in an OVX rat model by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhancing estrogen receptor expression. [Abstract]

2025 May 10:119968. PMID: 40354838
J Ethnopharmacol

Guizhi Fuling Capsule ameliorates endometrial hyperplasia through promoting p62-Keap1-NRF2-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 28:274:114064. PMID: 33771639
Mol Ther Oncolytics

Berberine inhibits carcinogenesis through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in a mouse hepatoma model. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 5:26:372-386. PMID: 36090480
Cells

Identification of Resistance Genes in Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Fulvestrant and Ribociclib via Retroviral Screening and Integration Site Sequencing. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 29;15(3):260. PMID: 41677624
J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Organoid Cultures Derived From Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 23;106(5):1410-1426. PMID: 33524147
Inflammation

Large Peritoneal Macrophages Promote the Resolution of Inflammation in Injured Endometrium. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 2. PMID: 40751779
Biomed Signal Process Control

2026 Feb 26.
Int J Mol Sci

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturases1 Accelerates Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis by Promoting Aromatase Expression to Improve Estrogen Synthesis. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 6;24(7):6826. PMID: 37047797
Int Immunopharmacol

Curcumin modulates oxidative stress via NOX4 to ameliorate endometrial hyperplasia. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19:164:115392. PMID: 40834530
Int Immunopharmacol

Estrogen deficiency promotes neurodegeneration in female hemi-parkinsonian mice: The role of regulatory T cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 24:148:114104. PMID: 39862633
Int Immunopharmacol

CHS-Ⅳa activates the IGF1R/PI3K signal pathway with inhibited pyroptosis of endometrial stromal cells and progress of endometriosis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 2;143(Pt 3):113527. PMID: 39488924
Int Immunopharmacol

Pirfenidone inhibits CCL2-mediated Treg chemotaxis induced by palbociclib and fulvestrant in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5;142(Pt A):113059. PMID: 39241517
Eur J Pharmacol

Onc201 reduces osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss via inhibiting RANKL-induced NFATc1 activation and the integrin signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 May 15;923:174908. PMID: 35405113
Int Immunopharmacol

Estrogen facilitates gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion through promoting the secretion of interleukin-6 by cancer-associated fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;78:105937. PMID: 31753587
Neuropharmacology

Dyadic social interaction paradigm reveals selective role of ovarian estrogen in the caring behavior and socially transferred pain in female mice. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5:110138. PMID: 39244013
Molecules

Identification of Estradiol Benzoate as an Inhibitor of HBx Using Inducible Stably Transfected HepG2 Cells Expressing HiBiT Tagged HBx. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 6;27(15):5000. PMID: 35956950
Cell Rep Methods

RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618
Cancers (Basel)

Alternations of Blood Pressure Following Surgical or Drug Therapy for Prolactinomas. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 9;16(4):726. PMID: 38398117
Poult Sci

Research note: Unveiling the impact of ovotransferrin on chicken primordial germ cells biological processes. [Abstract]

2025 May 3;104(7):105259. PMID: 40359719
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

USP46 enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by stabilizing PTBP1 to facilitate glycolysis. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;1870(3):167011. PMID: 38176460
J Cell Mol Med

Tamoxifen inhibits cell proliferation by impaired glucose metabolism in gallbladder cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;24(2):1599-1613. PMID: 31782270
Sci Rep

A degrader of HER2 and EGFR abolishes p95HER2 and shows robust antitumor efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 20;16(1):12890. PMID: 42009845
Sci Rep

Estrogen regulates duodenal calcium absorption and improves postmenopausal osteoporosis by the effect of ERβ on PMCA1b. [Abstract]

2025 May 8;15(1):16053. PMID: 40341576
Sci Rep

Comparative analysis of organoid, air-liquid interface, and direct infection models for studying pathogen-host interactions in endometrial tissue. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;15(1):8531. PMID: 40075187
Cell Signal

Estradiol alleviates disease phenotypes caused by m.3635G > a mutations by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1-Parkin mediated mitophagy in iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 8:136:112121. PMID: 40930474
Cell Signal

Inhibitory effects of Eplerenone on angiogenesis via modulating SGK1/TGF-β pathway in contralateral kidney of CKD pregnancy rats. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 13:111346. PMID: 39147296
Aquacult Rep

February 2022, 100930.
Neurobiol Stress

A sex-dependent delayed maturation of visual plasticity induced by adverse experiences in early childhood. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 14;13:100256. PMID: 33344711
Mol Hum Reprod

HOXC4 promotes proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells via the SLIT2-ROBO1 axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 3;31(3):gaaf037. PMID: 40714816
Mol Med Rep

Estrogen inhibits TGF‑β1‑stimulated cardiac fibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis by promoting Cdc42. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;30(1):123. PMID: 38785153
Food Chem Toxicol

Gestational cadmium exposure disrupts fetal liver development via repressing estrogen biosynthesis in placental trophoblasts. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:176:113807. PMID: 37121429
BMC Cancer

Immune characteristics analysis and construction of a four-gene prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma based on estrogen reactivity. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 31;23(1):1047. PMID: 37907850
Life Metab

Intestinal monocarboxylate transporter 1 mediates lactate transport in the gut and regulates metabolic homeostasis of mouse in a sex-dimorphic pattern. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 6;3(1):load041. PMID: 39871878
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

Andrographolide blocked the progression of endometriosis by promoting ferroptosis via inhibiting anabolism of serine. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 18. PMID: 41408483
Mol Reprod Dev

Decreased OGT Attenuates Endometrial Decidualization and Embryo Implantation by Affecting HIF-1α Stability. [Abstract]

2025 May;92(5):e70025. PMID: 40342239
Genomics

Identification of serum small non-coding RNA as biomarkers for endometrial receptivity. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 21;117(2):111002. PMID: 39848478
Breast Cancer Res Treat

Monopolar spindle 1 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer through phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;202(3):595-606. PMID: 37695401
Biol Reprod

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor promotes acrosome reaction via regulation of Ca2+ signaling in mouse sperm. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 11;107(4):1026-1034. PMID: 35774023
J Pharmacol Sci

Gallic acid ameliorates endometrial hyperplasia through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. [Abstract]

2024 May;155(1):1-13. PMID: 38553133
Genes (Basel)

Effect of Exogenous Hormone on R-Spondin 2 (Rspo2) and R-Spondin 3 (Rspo3) Gene Expression and Embryo Development in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). [Abstract]

2023 Jul 19;14(7):1466. PMID: 37510371
Front Genet

Genome-wide analysis of the FOXA1 transcriptional regulatory network identifies super enhancer associated LncRNAs in tamoxifen resistance. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 20:13:992444. PMID: 36204307
J Assist Reprod Genet

High concentration of estrogen resulted by COH may affect the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors in uNK cells by downregulating the expression of IL-11 in decidual stromal cells. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;41(11):3189-3200. PMID: 39276273
PLoS One

Estrogen protects against liver damage in sepsis through inhibiting oxidative stress mediated activation of pyroptosis signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 1;15(10):e0239659. PMID: 33002070
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol

Integrin αVβ3 mediates estrogen to enhance osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and alleviate OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 2:106800. PMID: 40466876
Fishes

2023 Dec 19, 9(1), 1.
Gene

Sequences analysis and pituitary actions of tachykinins in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). [Abstract]

2023 Aug 30:879:147592. PMID: 37356741
Fishes

2022, 7(5), 223.
Steroids

Exploration of interaction property between nonylphenol and G protein-coupled receptor 30 based on molecular simulation and biological experiments. [Abstract]

2022 Dec:188:109114. PMID: 36154832
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Estrogen deficiency impairs double-negative T cell function and activates NF-κB in postmenopausal osteoporosis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 14:776:152212. PMID: 40532308
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis mediated by estradiol contributes to atrial fibrillation protection. [Abstract]

2025 May 20:772:152050. PMID: 40414005
Physiol Rep

Estrogen-dependent gene regulation: Molecular basis of TIMP-1 as a sex-specific biomarker for acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;12(17):e70047. PMID: 39267201
Zygote

Effect of oestrogen on mouse follicle growth and meiotic resumption. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;30(3):330-337. PMID: 34704551
Patent

US20250320507A1.
bioRxiv

2025 Sep 12.
SSRN

2025 Jan 27.
bioRxiv

2024 August 04.
SSRN

2023 Nov 29.
Research Square Preprint

2023 Dec 2.
bioRxiv

Breast cancer risk SNPs converge on estrogen receptor binding sites commonly shared between breast tumors to locally alter estrogen signalling output. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 2:2023.10.30.564691. PMID: 37961147
bioRxiv

2023 Jul 27.
Research Square Preprint

2023 May 8.
Harvard University

2023 Mar. 30487357.
Research Square Preprint

2022 Jun.
Research Square Preprint

2022 Feb.
Res Sq

Sex differences in viral entry protein expression, host responses to SARS-CoV-2, and in vitro responses to sex steroid hormone treatment in COVID-19. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 31:rs.3.rs-100914. PMID: 33173861

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (367.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 16.67 mg/mL (61.20 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.6712 mL

18.3560 mL

36.7121 mL

5 mM

0.7342 mL

3.6712 mL

7.3424 mL

10 mM

0.3671 mL

1.8356 mL

3.6712 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 50% Saline

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 5

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: Corn Oil

Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (45.89 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (280 KB)
SDS (623 KB)
- English - EN (623 KB)
- Français - FR (623 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (623 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (623 KB)
- Español - ES (623 KB)
- Swedish - SV (623 KB)
- Italian - IT (623 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (623 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Elham Hasanzadeh. Defining the role of 17β-estradiol in human endometrial stem cells differentiation into neuron-like cells. Cell Biol Int. 2021 Jan;45(1):140-153. [Content Brief]

[2]. Yujiao Lu, et al. Neuron-Derived Estrogen Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Memory. J Neurosci. 2019 Apr 10;39(15):2792-2809. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	3.6712 mL	18.3560 mL	36.7121 mL	91.7802 mL
	5 mM	0.7342 mL	3.6712 mL	7.3424 mL	18.3560 mL
	10 mM	0.3671 mL	1.8356 mL	3.6712 mL	9.1780 mL
	15 mM	0.2447 mL	1.2237 mL	2.4475 mL	6.1187 mL
	20 mM	0.1836 mL	0.9178 mL	1.8356 mL	4.5890 mL
	25 mM	0.1468 mL	0.7342 mL	1.4685 mL	3.6712 mL
	30 mM	0.1224 mL	0.6119 mL	1.2237 mL	3.0593 mL
	40 mM	0.0918 mL	0.4589 mL	0.9178 mL	2.2945 mL
	50 mM	0.0734 mL	0.3671 mL	0.7342 mL	1.8356 mL
	60 mM	0.0612 mL	0.3059 mL	0.6119 mL	1.5297 mL
DMSO	80 mM	0.0459 mL	0.2295 mL	0.4589 mL	1.1473 mL
DMSO	100 mM	0.0367 mL	0.1836 mL	0.3671 mL	0.9178 mL

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Estradiol

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Estradiol

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Chemical Information

Publications (124)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Estradiol Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-B0141