1. Apoptosis Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
  3. Ginsenoside Rh2

Ginsenoside Rh2  (Synonyms: 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Rh2)

Cat. No.: HY-N0605 Purity: 99.28%
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Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2) induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 78214-33-2

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Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Ginsenoside Rh2:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Ginsenoside Rh2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2022 Dec 6;14(12):2724.

    Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-PI double-labeling flow cytometry. Vero cells were transfected with siDR5 or siNC for 24 hours, followed by sham infection or infection with PEDV at a MOI of 0.1%. 24 hours post-infection, cells were collected, double-labeled with Annexin V and PI, and analyzed by flow cytometry. As a positive control, cells were pretreated with 100 μM Ginsenoside Rh2 (an apoptosis inducer) for 1 hour.

    Ginsenoside Rh2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):734-743.

    mRNA m6A content in Ginsenoside Rh2 treated (10 or 20 nM, 24 h) cancer cell lines.

    Ginsenoside Rh2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):734-743.

    Basal expression of KIF26B protein in three selected cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-157, NMFH-1 and TT) after treatment with Ginsenoside Rh2 (20 nM, 24 h).
    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2) induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

    IC50 & Target[1]

    Caspase-8

     

    Caspase-9

     

    Apoptosis

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A549 IC50
    28.5 mg/L
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    B16 IC50
    4.1 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Growth inhibition of mouse B16 cells
    Growth inhibition of mouse B16 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    B16-F10 IC50
    35.6 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of cell death in mouse B16-F10 cells
    Induction of cell death in mouse B16-F10 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    DU-145 IC50
    38 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 3 days
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 3 days
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HCT-116 IC50
    19.6 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HCT-116 IC50
    35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of cell death in human HCT-116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by trypan blue staining based analysis
    Induction of cell death in human HCT-116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by trypan blue staining based analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HL-60 IC50
    25 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HL-60 cells
    Induction of apoptosis in human HL-60 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HL-60 IC50
    25.59 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HL-60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Induction of apoptosis in human HL-60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HL-60 IC50
    38 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HeLa IC50
    2.52 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HeLa cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human HeLa cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    1.648 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    100 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    129.2 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 beta-catenin cells incubated for 48 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 beta-catenin cells incubated for 48 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    42.12 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    58.12 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    HepG2 IC50
    83.33 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 beta-catenin cells incubated for 72 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 beta-catenin cells incubated for 72 hrs by PI/Annexin V-FITC analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    Huh-7 IC50
    39 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of cell death in human Huh-7 cells
    Induction of cell death in human Huh-7 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    Jurkat IC50
    35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat cells
    Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    Jurkat IC50
    35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Inhibition of proliferation in human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Inhibition of proliferation in human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    K562 IC50
    60 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    KG-1 IC50
    60 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human KG-1 alpha cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KG-1 alpha cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    KG-1 IC50
    75 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human KG-1 alpha cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KG-1 alpha cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    Kasumi 1 IC50
    60.06 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human Kasumi 1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Induction of apoptosis in human Kasumi 1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    LNCaP EC50
    4.4 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human LNCaP cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human LNCaP cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    LNCaP IC50
    17 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human LNCaP cells incubated for 3 days
    Antiproliferative activity against human LNCaP cells incubated for 3 days
    [PMID: 32702586]
    MCF7 EC50
    52.53 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    MCF7 IC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability
    Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability
    [PMID: 32702586]
    MDA-MB-231 EC50
    57.35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    39.9 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of cell death in human MDA-MB-231 cells
    Induction of cell death in human MDA-MB-231 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability
    Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability
    [PMID: 32702586]
    PC-3 EC50
    5.5 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    PC-3 IC50
    35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells incubated for 3 days
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells incubated for 3 days
    [PMID: 32702586]
    REH IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human REH cells
    Induction of apoptosis in human REH cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    SK-HEP1 IC50
    3.15 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human SK-HEP1 cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human SK-HEP1 cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    SW480 IC50
    35 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of cell death in human SW480 cells incubated for 48 hrs by trypan blue staining based analysis
    Induction of cell death in human SW480 cells incubated for 48 hrs by trypan blue staining based analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    SW480 IC50
    4.06 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human SW480 cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    Induction of apoptosis in human SW480 cells incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis
    [PMID: 32702586]
    THP-1 IC50
    15 μg/mL
    Compound: Rh2
    Induction of apoptosis in human THP-1 cells
    Induction of apoptosis in human THP-1 cells
    [PMID: 32702586]
    U-937 IC50
    38 μM
    Compound: Rh2
    Cytotoxicity against human U-937 cells measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U-937 cells measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 32702586]
    In Vitro

    Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of two initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in human cancer cells. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner and is therefore a promising candidate for anti-tumor drug development. Ginsenoside Rh2 triggers p53-dependent Fas expression and consequent activation of caspase-8 and p53-independent caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway to cause cancer cell death.The cytotoxic activity of Ginsenoside Rh2 in the human tumor cell lines HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 is assessed by MTT. The cell viability of HeLa cells is remarkably inhibited by Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 2.52 μg/mL, whereas SK-HEP-1 and SW480 cells are less sensitive to Ginsenoside Rh2, with IC50 values of 3.15 μg/mL and 4.06 μg/mL, respectively. PC-3 cells are the least vulnerable to Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 7.85 μg/mL, 3-fold higher than HeLa cells[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    A total of 15 days following B16-F10 cell injection, tumor sizes from the 3 tumor bearing groups are measured. The tumor sizes in the G-L group and G-H group (G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of Ginsenoside Rh2 injection) are reduced compared with the tumor group. The survival analysis reveals that the Ginsenoside Rh2 treated groups survive longer than the untreated tumor group and the effect is dose-dependent[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Molecular Weight

    622.87

    Formula

    C36H62O8

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    C[C@]([C@@](C[C@H]1O)([H])[C@]2(CC[C@@H]3O[C@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O)([H])O[C@@H]4CO)C)(CC[C@@]2([H])C3(C)C)[C@]5([C@@]1([H])[C@]([C@@](C)(O)CC/C=C(C)/C)([H])CC5)C

    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (80.27 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 1.6055 mL 8.0274 mL 16.0547 mL
    5 mM 0.3211 mL 1.6055 mL 3.2109 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

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    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.01 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.01 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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    Please enter your animal formula composition:
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.28%

    References
    Kinase Assay
    [1]

    HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are treated with Ginsenoside Rh2 (7.5 μg/mL) in serum free media for indicated time periods and then are harvested. Fifty micrograms of cell lysates are incubated with 200 nM Ac-DEVD-AFC (for caspase-3), Ac-IETD-AFC (for caspase-8), and Ac-LEHD-AFC (for caspase-9) in a reaction buffer containing 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 0.1% CHAPS, and 10% sucrose at 37°C for 1 h. The reaction is monitored by fluorescence emission at 535 nm and excitation at 405 nm[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Assay
    [1]

    Determination of cell viability is performed by using MTT assay, which is used to calculate the growth inhibition induced by increasing concentrations of drug. Briefly, exponentially growing HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are seeded into a 96-well plate at 1×104 cells/well in triplicate. After incubation for 24 h, cells are treated with increasing concentration of Ginsenoside Rh2 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/mL) in serum free media for 48 h. At the end of treatment, 20 μL of MTT (5 mg/mL) is added to each well and incubated for an additional 4 h. The formazan grains formed by viable cells are solubilized with DMSO, and the color intensity is measured at 550 nm with an ELISA reader[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [2]

    Mice[2]
    Male C57BL6 mice (3-4 weeks old) are randomly arranged into 4 groups of 80 mice: Tumor group, G-L group, G-H group and Control group. G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection. For the tumor group, G-L group and G-H group, the B16-F10 cell line is injected into the mice. These 3 groups become tumor bearing groups. For the control group, the same volume of PBS is injected instead. Ginsenoside Rh2 is injected into the left back of mice in the G-L and G-H groups. The dose for the G-H group is 0.5 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg for G-L group, every 2 days after day 5. PBS is injected in the tumor and control groups at the same time points.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 1.6055 mL 8.0274 mL 16.0547 mL 40.1368 mL
    5 mM 0.3211 mL 1.6055 mL 3.2109 mL 8.0274 mL
    10 mM 0.1605 mL 0.8027 mL 1.6055 mL 4.0137 mL
    15 mM 0.1070 mL 0.5352 mL 1.0703 mL 2.6758 mL
    20 mM 0.0803 mL 0.4014 mL 0.8027 mL 2.0068 mL
    25 mM 0.0642 mL 0.3211 mL 0.6422 mL 1.6055 mL
    30 mM 0.0535 mL 0.2676 mL 0.5352 mL 1.3379 mL
    40 mM 0.0401 mL 0.2007 mL 0.4014 mL 1.0034 mL
    50 mM 0.0321 mL 0.1605 mL 0.3211 mL 0.8027 mL
    60 mM 0.0268 mL 0.1338 mL 0.2676 mL 0.6689 mL
    80 mM 0.0201 mL 0.1003 mL 0.2007 mL 0.5017 mL
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      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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    Product Name:
    Ginsenoside Rh2
    Cat. No.:
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