2. Anti-infection Immunology/Inflammation Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  3. Bacterial Interleukin Related DNA/RNA Synthesis
  4. Lactulose

Lactulose  (Synonyms: 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose)

Cat. No.: HY-B1172 Purity: 99.90%
COA
SDS
Handling Instructions Technical Support

Lactulose is an orally active galactose-fructose disaccharide. Lactulose suppresses upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6. Lactulose decreases the degree of DNA damage. Lactulose exhibits many of the properties of other oligosaccharides, including increasing the numbers of Bifidobacteria in feces. Lactulose restores the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, mitigates inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory tumorigenesis in mice with colitis-associated cancer. Lactulose can be used in the research of constipation.

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Lactulose

Lactulose Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 4618-18-2

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
Solid
100 mg In-stock
1 g In-stock
5 g   Get quote  
10 g   Get quote  

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Lactulose:

Lactulose Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Lactulose

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  • Biological Activity

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Description

Lactulose is an orally active galactose-fructose disaccharide. Lactulose suppresses upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6. Lactulose decreases the degree of DNA damage. Lactulose exhibits many of the properties of other oligosaccharides, including increasing the numbers of Bifidobacteria in feces. Lactulose restores the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, mitigates inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory tumorigenesis in mice with colitis-associated cancer. Lactulose can be used in the research of constipation[1][2].

IC50 & Target[1]

IL-6

 

In Vivo

Lactulose (2%; p.o. via food; 14 weeks) restores gut microbiota composition, reduces colon inflammation, and suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis in female C57BL/6NCrSlc mice with AOM (HY-111375)/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer[1].
Lactulose (0.3-3% (wt/wt); p.o. via diet; a total of eight to nine weeks) significantly reduces severe DMH (HY-W460407)-induced colon DNA damage in human flora-associated rats[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6NCrSlc (6-week-old, female, AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer model)[1]
Dosage: 2% in food (equivalent to ~2.4-2.6 g/kg BW/day, or ~3 g/kg BW/day)
Administration: p.o.; daily; 14 weeks
Result: Significantly inhibited the increase in colorectal tumor number and spleen weight relative to untreated AOM/DSS mice.\nSignificantly reduced inflammation scores in non-tumor colon tissue.\nSignificantly suppressed mucosal and submucosal infiltration of CD68-positive cells in non-tumor colon tissue.\nSignificantly reduced transcript-level expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in colon tissue.\nRestored gut microbiota composition to be indistinguishable from control mice by study endpoint (21 weeks post-AOM injection) as measured by NMDS analysis of Bray-Curtis distances.\nReduced the relative abundance of pathogenic genera Escherichia and Clostridium, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genera Muribaculum and Lachnospiraceae.\nDownregulated microbial pathways related to heme biosynthesis and upregulated pathways related to N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, N-acetylneuraminate degradation, as well as L-1,2-propanediol degradation.
Animal Model: Fischer (F344/N) (7 weeks old, male and female, human flora-associated, DMH-induced DNA damage model)[2]
Dosage: 0.3% (wt/wt) (first 5 weeks); 3% (wt/wt) (subsequent 3-4 weeks)
Administration: oral; daily; 9 weeks total
Result: Reduced the percentage of colon cells with severe DNA damage to 12.6%. Achieved a median colon cell image length of 66.1 µm.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

342.30

Formula

C12H22O11
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCC([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM)

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (73.04 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
×
Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.90%

SDS (394 KB)

COA (252 KB) HNMR (268 KB) RP-HPLC (212 KB) MS (68 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL 73.0354 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL 14.6071 mL
10 mM 0.2921 mL 1.4607 mL 2.9214 mL 7.3035 mL
15 mM 0.1948 mL 0.9738 mL 1.9476 mL 4.8690 mL
20 mM 0.1461 mL 0.7304 mL 1.4607 mL 3.6518 mL
25 mM 0.1169 mL 0.5843 mL 1.1686 mL 2.9214 mL
30 mM 0.0974 mL 0.4869 mL 0.9738 mL 2.4345 mL
40 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3652 mL 0.7304 mL 1.8259 mL
50 mM 0.0584 mL 0.2921 mL 0.5843 mL 1.4607 mL
60 mM 0.0487 mL 0.2435 mL 0.4869 mL 1.2173 mL
H2O 80 mM 0.0365 mL 0.1826 mL 0.3652 mL 0.9129 mL
100 mM 0.0292 mL 0.1461 mL 0.2921 mL 0.7304 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Lactulose Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Lactulose4618-18-24-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructoseBacterialInterleukin RelatedDNA/RNA SynthesisILhyperammonemiacolitis-associated cancerconstipationC57BL/6NCrSlc micehepatic encephalopathyWistar Albino ratslactobacillimonocytesbifidobacteriaNMRI miceInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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