Cat. No.: HY-B2123

Lactose

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Lactose is a β-galactoside consisting of galactose and glucose residues, the main carbohydrate in mammalian breast milk. Lactose, a macronutrient and an inducer of host innate immune responses, possesses immune modulatory functions.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 63-42-3
Formula: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Molecular Weight:342.30

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Lactose Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 63-42-3

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All ERK Isoforms :

All Interleukin Related Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All NF-κB Isoforms :

In Vitro

Lactose (30 mM; 3 days) inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-γ and IL-17 production^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Lactose (intraperitoneal injection; 100 mg/kg; single dose) can improve acute pancreatitis^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Caerulein (HY-A0190) treated female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks old^[2]
Dosage:

100 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); single dose
Result:

Alleviated the severity of Caerulein (HY-A0190)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP).
Modulated early immune cell infiltration into the pancreas and pancreatic cytokine/chemokine production, such as MCP-1 and TNF-α.
Suppressed ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 signaling, leading to inhibition of cytokine production in pancreatic acinar cells.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 63-42-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 342.30
Formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

OC[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@H](O)CO)O1
Structure Classification
- Saccharides
- Polysaccharides
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Mol Immunol

Cell-associated galectin 9 interacts with cytotoxic T cells confers resistance to tumor killing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through autophagy activation. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;22(3):260-281. PMID: 39910335
Cell Commun Signal

Platelet glycoprotein VI promotes folic acid-induced acute kidney injury through interaction with tubular epithelial cell-derived galectin-3. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 21;23(1):148. PMID: 40119472
Int J Biol Macromol

Reticuline isomerase AKR1B1 with aldo-keto reductase activity and detoxification function from the insect Blaps rhynchopetera. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:352:151224. PMID: 41791543
Aging Cell

Galectin-9high Neutrophils Exacerbate Radiation-Induced Frailty. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;25(4):e70448. PMID: 41947008

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (146.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.9214 mL

14.6071 mL

29.2141 mL

5 mM

0.5843 mL

2.9214 mL

5.8428 mL

10 mM

0.2921 mL

1.4607 mL

2.9214 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 130 mg/mL (379.78 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (280 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Paasela M, et al. Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-γ and IL-17 production. Br J Nutr. 2014 Dec 14;112(11):1819-25. [Content Brief]

[2]. Pan LL, et al. Lactose Induces Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Neutrophils and Macrophages to Alleviate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice. Front Immunol. 2018 Apr 17;9:751. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kleessen B, et al. Effects of inulin and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 May;65(5):1397-402. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	2.9214 mL	14.6071 mL	29.2141 mL	73.0354 mL
	5 mM	0.5843 mL	2.9214 mL	5.8428 mL	14.6071 mL
	10 mM	0.2921 mL	1.4607 mL	2.9214 mL	7.3035 mL
	15 mM	0.1948 mL	0.9738 mL	1.9476 mL	4.8690 mL
	20 mM	0.1461 mL	0.7304 mL	1.4607 mL	3.6518 mL
	25 mM	0.1169 mL	0.5843 mL	1.1686 mL	2.9214 mL
	30 mM	0.0974 mL	0.4869 mL	0.9738 mL	2.4345 mL
	40 mM	0.0730 mL	0.3652 mL	0.7304 mL	1.8259 mL
	50 mM	0.0584 mL	0.2921 mL	0.5843 mL	1.4607 mL
	60 mM	0.0487 mL	0.2435 mL	0.4869 mL	1.2173 mL
	80 mM	0.0365 mL	0.1826 mL	0.3652 mL	0.9129 mL
	100 mM	0.0292 mL	0.1461 mL	0.2921 mL	0.7304 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Lactose

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