Allium sativum L.

Allyl methyl trisulfide is a volatile organic compound and a component of garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil, which has antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities.

Allithiamine is a thiamin derivative with absorption characteristics similar to fat-soluble vitamins. Allithiamine acts as a cofactor precursor for thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), which participates in carbohydrate metabolism by supporting the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to facilitate pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as acetyl CoA. Allithiamine can be used for researching thiamin metabolism.

S-Allylmercapturic acid is a biomarker of food intake (BFIs) for garlic consumption.

(E)-Ajoene is a oxygenated ajoene and organosulfur compound, which can be acquired via allicin decomposing. The polysulfides from garlic can be converted by human red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and allyl glutathione. (E)-Ajoene has been proved to show neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. (E)-Ajoene is orally active to inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ajoene increases the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons and decreases the number of reactive gliosis in the CA1 region.

Allium sativum polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Allium sativum.

(E)-γ-Glutamyl-S-1-propenyl cysteine (Compound GSPC) is a naturally occurring γ-glutamylated sulfide found in garlic plants and serves as a precursor to various water-soluble sulfur compounds.

Sagittasine C is a flavonol glycoside found in the aerial parts of Epimedium pubescens MAXIM.

Diallyl tetrasulfide is an orally active diallyl tetrasulfide. Diallyl tetrasulfide ameliorates cadmium-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase and adenosine triphosphatase activities as well as oxidative stress injury in the brain of rats. Diallyl tetrasulfide inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Diallyl tetrasulfide ameliorates cadmium-induced oxidative liver injury in rats. Diallyl tetrasulfide protects cells against cadmium-induced loss of cell viability, reduces apoptosis rate and ROS production. Diallyl tetrasulfide is applicable to research related to cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and cadmium-induced oxidative liver injury.

trans-N-Methyl-4-methoxyproline is a natural product that can be isolated from the stems of Petiveria alliacea and is also a Proline derivative.

5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate is an amino acid derivative. 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate is present in the dried extract of Allium sativum (Hisar Garlic No. 17). 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate participates in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine via cobalamin-independent methionine synthase. 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate is a biomarker associated with altered one-carbon transfer reactions in glioblastoma. 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate can be used in glioblastoma-related research.

Garlic oil is an orally effective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Garlic oil inhibits the activation of NF-κB, NFκB2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, and induces the expression of GSTA1, HO-1 and NQO-1. Garlic oil reduces the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio and activates NNK-induced apoptosis (apoptosis) in lung tissues. Garlic oil attenuates NNK-induced apoptosis in MRC-5 cells and reduces excessive ROS production. Garlic oil alleviates pyroptosis (pyroptosis) and exerts a protective effect against acute lung injury in mice. Garlic oil inhibits lung tumorigenesis in mice and improves small intestinal motility in rats with type 2 diabetes. Garlic oil can be used in research related to acute lung injury, lung cancer, peptic ulcer, type 2 diabetes and hypertension.