2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0285B
    Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate (MK-870 hydrochloride dihydrate) is an inhibitor of both epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uTPA). Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate is a blocker of polycystin-2 (PC2; TRPP2) channel.
    Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate
  • HY-124778
    SW106065
    		Activator 99.96%
    SW106065 is an apoptosis inducer in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). SW106065 inhibits ATP consumption of sMPNST and other models of MPNST with an EC50 of 1 µM. SW106065 can be used for MPNST research.
    SW106065
  • HY-130502
    5β,6β-Epoxycholestanol
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    5β,6β-epoxycholestanol (Cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide; 5β,6β-Epoxycholesterol) is an oxysterol. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in lymphoma cells undergoing macrophage differentiation. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol is applicable to research related to atherosclerosis.
    5β,6β-Epoxycholestanol
  • HY-114340
    LEM-14
    		Inducer 98.02%
    LEM-14 is a potent and selective NSD2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 132 µM. LEM-14 has very weak activitv against NSD1 and has no activity against NSD3. LEM-14 inhibits fibrotic gene expression in ND but not DIO BMDMs. LEM-14 combined with ionizing radiation (IR) enhances the apoptosis rate and reduces the colony-formation ability of CRC cells. LEM-14 exhibits enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in Balb/c nude mice bearing LoVo cell xenografts when combined with ionizing radiation. LEM-14 has the potential for the research of multiple myeloma and colorectal cancer.
    LEM-14
  • HY-N1373
    Sophoridine
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Leguminous plant Sophora flavescens. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor agent candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity.
    Sophoridine
  • HY-14596S
    Genistein-d4
    		Inducer 98.81%
    Genistein-d4 is the deuterium labeled Genistein. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.
    Genistein-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-16361A
    Omigapil maleate
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Omigapil maleate (CGP3466B), an orally active GAPDH nitrosylation inhibitor, abrogates Aβ1-42-induced tau acetylation, memory impairment, and locomotor dysfunction in mice. Omigapil maleate has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease. Omigapil maleate is a apoptosis inhibitor. Omigapil maleate can be used for the research of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). Omigapil maleate is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Omigapil maleate
  • HY-W014225
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.58%
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-B0336
    Pranoprofen
    		Inducer 98.56%
    Pranoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for the research of keratitis or other ophthalmology diseases. Pranoprofen inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thus blocking arachidonic acid converted to eicosanoids and reducing prostaglandins synthesis.
    Pranoprofen
  • HY-N0411R
    β-Carotene (Standard)
    		Inducer
    β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene (Standard)
  • HY-13605R
    Cytarabine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cytarabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cytarabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cytarabine, a nucleoside analog, causes S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits DNA polymerase. Cytarabine inhibits DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 16 nM. Cytarabine has antiviral effects against HSV. Cytarabine shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Cytarabine (Standard)
  • HY-B0318R
    Metronidazole (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Metronidazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metronidazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections.
    Metronidazole (Standard)
  • HY-N0326R
    L-Methionine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    L-Methionine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Methionine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Methionine is an L-isomer of orally active Methionine, an essential amino acid. Methionine is a strong liver antidote that acts as a liver protector. L-Methionine can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. L-Methionine has antitumor and antioxidant activity.
    L-Methionine (Standard)
  • HY-N8441
    Neriifolin
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[2.
    Neriifolin
  • HY-10201R
    Sorafenib (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sorafenib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sorafenib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib is a ferroptosis activator.
    Sorafenib (Standard)
  • HY-B0298
    Clemastine
    		Inhibitor 99.26%
    Clemastine (HS-592; Meclastine) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable H1 histamine receptor (H1 histamine receptor) antagonist with potent antiallergic effects. Clemastine also antagonizes muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), particularly the M1 and M4 subtypes. In addition to antihistamine effects, Clemastine exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially in promoting central nervous system remyelination, activating autophagy and pyroptosis, exerting anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects, and suppressing inflammation.
    Clemastine
  • HY-18707
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
    		Inducer 99.57%
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 is an irreversible inhibitor of K-Ras(G12C). K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can alter the nucleotide-binding preference of K-Ras and block its interaction with effector proteins. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines with G12C mutations. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 has anti-tumor activity.
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
  • HY-70061
    TCS7010
    		Inducer 99.82%
    TCS7010 is a potent and highly selective Aurora A inhibitor with with an IC50 of 3.4 nM.
    TCS7010
  • HY-13208
    Xevinapant hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.11%
    Xevinapant (AT-406) hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Xevinapant hydrochloride binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Kis of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Xevinapant hydrochloride effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. Xevinapant hydrochloride is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors.
    Xevinapant hydrochloride
  • HY-16586
    PFI-1
    		Inducer 99.87%
    PFI-1, a chemical probe, is a selective BET (bromodomain-containing protein) inhibitor for BRD4 with IC50 of 0.22 μM in a cell-free assay.
    PFI-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity