2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13432
    Nanatinostat
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Nanatinostat (CHR-3996) is a potent, class I selective and orally active HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 3 nM, 4 nM, and 7 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. Nanatinostat has low activity against HDAC5 (IC50 of 200 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 of 2100 nM). Nanatinostat induces apoptosis in myeloma cells. Nanatinostat has potent anticancer effects, such as myeloma, advanced solid tumours and colorectal cancer.
    Nanatinostat
  • HY-101029
    MBM-55
    		Inducer 99.94%
    MBM-55 is a potent NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM. MBM-55 shows a 20-fold or greater selectivity in most kinases with the exception of RSK1 (IC50=5.4 nM) and DYRK1a (IC50=6.5 nM). MBM-55 effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MBM-55 shows antitumor activities, and no obvious toxicity to mice.
    MBM-55
  • HY-100574D
    D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.60%
    D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride is a potent and highly selective PAD1 inhibitor. D-Cl-amidine is well-torelated with no significant toxicity.
    D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride
  • HY-150785
    TAS1553
    		Inducer 99.50%
    TAS1553 is a potent, orally active protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with an IC50 values of 0.0396 μM. TAS1553 inhibits DNA replication and reduces intracellular dATP pool. TAS1553 induces apoptosis. TAS1553 can be used for cancer research.
    TAS1553
  • HY-108638
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.89%
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride (XI-011 hydrochloride) is a p53 activator and MDMX inhibitor. NSC 146109 hydrochloride inhibits MDMX gene transcription, downregulates MDMX mRNA and protein levels, stabilizes p53 and activates the transcriptional activity of p53. NSC 146109 hydrochloride induces cancer cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and inhibits the growth of transformed cells. NSC 146109 hydrochloride inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors. NSC 146109 hydrochloride can be used in research related to breast cancer and cervical cancer.
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
  • HY-13334
    BGT226 maleate
    		Activator 99.92%
    BGT226 (NVP-BGT226 maleate) is a PI3K (with IC50s of 4 nM, 63 nM and 38 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ) /mTOR dual inhibitor which displays potent growth-inhibitory activity against human head and neck cancer cells.
    BGT226 maleate
  • HY-120836
    AOH1160
    		Inducer 98.56%
    AOH1160 is a potent oral small molecule proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that interferes with DNA replication, blocks homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, leads to cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis.
    AOH1160
  • HY-136650A
    Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Fludarabine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP) trisodium, the active metabolite of Fludarabine (HY-B0069), is a potent, noncompetitive and specific inhibitor of DNA primase, with an IC50 of 2.3 μM and a Ki of 6.1 μM. Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking DNA primase and primer RNA formation. Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase and ultimately leads to cellular apoptosis.
    Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium
  • HY-133121
    WDR5-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.0%
    WDR5-IN-1 is a potent and selective WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) inhibitor, with a Kd of <0.02 nM. WDR5-IN-1 inhibits MLL1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity with an IC50 of 2.2 nM. WDR5-IN-1 diminishes MYC recruitment at WDR5-displaced genes and exhibits potent anti-proliferative effects in CHP-134 (neuroblastoma) and Ramos (Burkitt’s lymphoma) lines.
    WDR5-IN-1
  • HY-B0299
    Oxibendazole
    		Inducer 99.61%
    Oxibendazole is an effective benzimidazole anthelmintic and is against nema-tode infections. Oxibendazole can induces apoptosis and has anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities.
    Oxibendazole
  • HY-144256
    CHD1Li 6.11
    		Inducer 99.54%
    CHD1Li 6.11 is a potent and orally active Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 Like (CHD1L) (oncogenic gene) inhibitor (IC50 = 3.3 µM for cat-CHD1L recombinant protein). CHD1Li 6.11 can inhibit EMT, induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition (reverse EMT) and promote apoptosis in tumor organoid models. CHD1Li 6.11 can be used for the research of cancer, such as colorectal cancer.
    CHD1Li 6.11
  • HY-19934A
    Pifusertib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Pifusertib (TAS-117) hydrochloride is a potent, selective, orally active allosteric Akt inhibitor (with IC50s of 4.8, 1.6, and 44 nM for Akt1, 2, and 3, respectively). Pifusertib hydrochloride triggers anti-myeloma activities and enhances fatal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by proteasome inhibition. Pifusertib hydrochloride induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Pifusertib hydrochloride
  • HY-N7071A
    Maduramicin ammonium
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is an anticoccidial agent for the the treatment of Eimeria spp., E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa infection. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) induces cell apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
    Maduramicin ammonium
  • HY-N1431
    Tabersonine
    		Inducer 98.13%
    Tabersonine is a selective, orally active NLRP3 inhibitor. Tabersonine directly binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3, inhibiting its ATPase activity and oligomerization, thereby blocking ASC spot formation and caspase-1 activation, and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Tabersonine also inhibits K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, blocking NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Tabersonine can inhibit inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells through mitochondrial pathways and death receptor pathways, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, promote cytochrome c release, and activate caspase proteins. Tabersonine is mainly used in the study of NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases (such as acute lung injury, sepsis, peritonitis) and tumors such as liver cancer.
    Tabersonine
  • HY-W014395
    Dithiodipropionic acid
    		Inducer 99.0%
    Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802) (a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells.
    Dithiodipropionic acid
  • HY-173008
    YTHDF2-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.42%
    YTHDF2-IN-1 (Compound CK-75) is a selective YTHDF2 inhibitor (Kd = 26.2 μM). YTHDF2-IN-1 binds to a small hydrophobic pocket on the YTH domain of YTHDF2, disrupting the interaction between YTHDF2 and m6A-modified RNA. YTHDF2-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and Apoptosis. YTHDF2-IN-1 is applicable to research on chronic myeloid leukemia, colon cancer and choriocarcinoma.
    YTHDF2-IN-1
  • HY-113041
    Prostaglandin A2
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) is a Cyclopentenone prostaglandin. Prostaglandin A2 induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis, activates p53. Prostaglandin A2 activates ERK2 and JNK1/SAPK. Prostaglandin A2 shows antiviral activity against HSV-1. Prostaglandin A2 has anti-tumor effects. Prostaglandin A2 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer, colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and herpetic keratitis.
    Prostaglandin A2
  • HY-N6084
    Humulone
    		Inducer 99.46%
    Humulone (α-Lupulic acid), a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative, is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Humulone acts as a positive modulator of GABAA receptor at low micromolar concentrations. Humulone is an inhibitor of bone resorption. Humulone possesses antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and apoptosis-inducing properties.
    Humulone
  • HY-Y1366
    Hydroxyacetone
    		Activator 98.93%
    Hydroxyacetone is a toxic compound. Hydroxyacetone can be isolated from e-cigarette aerosols. Hydroxyacetone reduces the activity of cellular Mitochondrial reductase (with an IC50 of 5.53 mg/mL for mitochondrial reductase in BEAS-2B cells) and increases ROS levels. Hydroxyacetone induces mitochondrial stress and oxidative damage. Hydroxyacetone induces destabilization of F-actin. At high concentrations, Hydroxyacetone promotes cell rounding and Apoptotic body formation. Hydroxyacetone exerts toxic effects on cells including airway epithelial cells and possesses respiratory toxicity potential.\n
    Hydroxyacetone
  • HY-N0834
    Pulsatilla saponin D
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Pulsatilla saponin D (SB365), isolated from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis, is an anti-tumor agent.
    Pulsatilla saponin D
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity