IRE1α Inhibitor

Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

6-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (NSC95682) (Compound 3-5) is a selective and potent IRE-1α inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.08 μM. 6-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde can be used for research on diseases associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Sunitinib (SU 11248) glucuronate is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively. Sunitinib glucuronate, an ATP-competitive inhibitor, effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α by inhibiting autophosphorylation and consequent RNase activation.

IA107 is a potent, selective, and allosteric IRE1α RNase (IC₅₀ = 16 nM (non phosphorylated), IC₅₀ = 9 nM (phosphorylated)) inhibitor. IA107 can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced XBP1 mRNA splicing and protein expression, and has no cytotoxicity.

CPD-2828 is an orally active and selective IRE1α inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 1.2 μM. CPD-2828 is promising for research of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related diseases (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases).

Lard oil is an orally active biochemical reagent. Lard oil upregulates PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, OPN, TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, and downregulates GRP78 and IRE1a. Lard oil induces responses such as body fat accumulation, elevated serum insulin levels, increased HOMA-IR, hepatic ectopic lipid deposition, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, and hepatic inflammation. Lard oil can be used in studies related to diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.