PPAR Activator

Anandamide is an endocannabinoid. Anandamide modulates both neuronal and immune functions through two protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Anandamide can activate numerous other receptors like PPARS, TRPV1, and GPR18/GPR55. Anandamide also has potential anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Anandamide can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ulcerative colitis.

Octocrylene is an organic ultraviolet (UV) filter that absorbs mainly UVB radiation and shorter UVA wavelengths. Octocrylene acts as a partial agonist of PPARγ, which alters the gene transcription profile of lipid metabolism enzymes. In addition, Octocrylene is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human skin fibroblasts and mediates the biosynthesis of estrogens such as estriol in zebrafish larvae, while affecting antioxidant pathways including glutathione transferase and peroxisomes.

Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.

Neomangiferin is an orally active natural flavonoid. Neomangiferin partially ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating the expression of genes related to free fatty acid uptake and lipid oxidation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-colitis effects by inhibiting Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-aging and lifespan-extending effects by targeting upregulation of bas-1, which in turn activates the autophagy, IIS and MAPK pathways. Neomangiferin has the potential to prevent aseptic loosening of prostheses after total joint arthroplasty due to its significant anti-inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting effects.

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, functions as the endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid is an important intracellular signal agent and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury.

Daidzein-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Daidzein. Daidzein is a soy isoflavone, which acts as a PPAR activator.

D-Arabinopyranose is a rare aldehyde pentose, and its ring-opened form is D-arabinose (HY-N0059). D-arabinose is is an orally active antidepressant and a growth inhibitor of C. elegans (IC₅₀ is 7.5 mM). D-arabinose can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, selectively interfere with the metabolism of D-ribose and D-fructose, and inhibit the growth of nematodes. D-arabinose can also inhibit the synthesis of cell biofilm and exert antibacterial activity. D-arabinose activates the ACSS2-PPARγ/TFEB-CRTC1 axis through the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1-AMPK pathway, inducing CRTC1 transcription, exerts antidepressant-like activity. D-arabinose is the ring-opened form of the aldopentose D-?Arabinose (HY-N7082).

Maltitol is an orally active polyol and sugar alcohol sweetener produced by the hydrogenation of maltose. Maltitol can replace sucrose and has characteristics of having a minor impact on blood sugar and potential prebiotic effects.

1-Methyladenosine-d3 hydriodide is the deuterium labeled 1-Methyladenosine (HY-113081). 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification that can serve as a tumor marker, with elevated levels in the body associated with cancer development. Following 1-methyladenosine methylation, upregulation of PPARδ expression regulates cholesterol metabolism and activates Hedgehog signaling pathway, driving liver tumorigenesis.

Sodium propionate-¹³C-3 is the ¹³C-labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.

2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid is a pan-peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (pan-PPAR) activator. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid induces hypolipidemia. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid reduces plasma lipids and enhances hepatic fatty acid oxidation in rodents. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, activation, accumulation, and oxidation.

8(S)-HETE (8(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) is a major lipoxygenase product in PMA-treated murine epidermis. It activates mouse keratinocyte protein kinase C with an IC₅₀ of 100 μM. 8(S)-HETE also activates PPARα selectively at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

Anandamide-d8 is a deuterated labeled Anandamide. Anandamide is an endocannabinoid. Anandamide modulates both neuronal and immune functions through two protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Anandamide can activate numerous other receptors like PPARS, TRPV1, and GPR18/GPR55. Anandamide also has potential anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Anandamide can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ulcerative colitis.

α-Linolenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Linolenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer.

BML-260 is a potent inhibitor of dual-specific phosphatases JSP-1 and DUSP22. BML-260 can activate UCP1 and thermogenesis in adipocytes in a JSP-1-independent manner. The effect of BML-260 on adipocytes is partially achieved through the activation of CREB, STAT3, and PPAR signaling pathways. BML-260 can be used in the research of inflammatory and proliferative disorders associated with JNK signaling dysfunction as well as obesity.

Hexapeptide-9 is a signaling peptide. Hexapeptide-9 can promote collagen production. Hexapeptide-9 has anti-aging activity, and can be used in cosmetic research.

Vutiglabridin (HSG4112), a racemic compound, is a potent anti-obesity agent. Vutiglabridin, an optimized structural analog of Glabridin, markedly supersedes Glabridin in weight reduction efficacy and chemical stability.

Sodium propionate-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.

Methyl dehydroabietate is an orally active resin acid. Methyl dehydroabietate disrupts microbial cell walls and exhibits significant antibacterial activity. Methyl dehydroabietate induces the expression of PPARα in the liver and PPARγ in adipose tissue, and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Methyl dehydroabietate improves insulin resistance, reduces TNFα levels, and alleviates adipocyte hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Methyl dehydroabietate can be used in research related to obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.

SP4f is an activator ofPPAR-γ, with the EC₅₀ of 826 nM in HK-2 cells. SP4f reduces the blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, and increases glutathione levels and catalase activityin the Swiss albino mice.