Cat. No.: HY-N4118A

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Cephaeline dihydrobromide

Name: Cephaeline dihydrobromide
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N4118A
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(Synonyms: (-)-Cephaeline dihydrobromide; NSC 32944 dihydrobromide)

2 Cited Publications

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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Cephaeline dihydrobromide ((-)-Cephaeline dihydrobromide; NSC 32944 dihydrobromide) is a ferroptosis inducer, with broad-spectrum anticancer and antiviral activities. Cephaeline dihydrobromide induces ferroptosis (Ferroptosis) by upregulating p53, inhibiting NRF2, activating ULK3, downregulating the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in a p53-dependent manner, reducing GSH and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation. Cephaeline dihydrobromide inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration and tumor growth. Cephaeline dihydrobromide inhibits Ebola virus (EBOV) VLP entry and infection, with IC₅₀ values of 3.27 μM and 22.18 μM respectively; it also inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV) NS5 RdRp activity (IC₅₀ = 976 nM), and binds to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RdRp and N protein, with K_d values of 8.9 μM and 53.8 μM respectively. Cephaeline dihydrobromide can be used in studies related to breast cancer, lung cancer, COVID-19, EBOV and ZIKV infections.

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CAS No.: 6014-81-9
Formule: C₂₈H₄₀Br₂N₂O₄
Masse moléculaire:628.44

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Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Cephaeline dihydrobromide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 6014-81-9

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Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Pureté et documentation
Références
Calculators
Help & FAQs
Classifications
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Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

EBOV

22.18 μM (IC₅₀)

ZIKV NS5 RdRp

976 nM (IC₅₀)

SARS-CoV-2 RdRp

8.9 μM (Kd)

SARS-CoV-2 N protein

53.8 μM (Kd)

GPX4

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GPX1
GPX4

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
4T1	IC50	38.89 nM	Antiproliferative and viability inhibitory activity against murine 4T1 breast cancer cells assessed by CCK-8 assay following 72 h incubation. Antiproliferative and viability inhibitory activity against murine 4T1 breast cancer cells assessed by CCK-8 assay following 72 h incubation.	38339810
MDA-MB-231	IC50	50.29 nM	Antiproliferative and viability inhibitory activity against human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells assessed by CCK-8 assay following 72 h incubation. Antiproliferative and viability inhibitory activity against human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells assessed by CCK-8 assay following 72 h incubation.	38339810
NCI-H460	IC50	88 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 24 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 24 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
NCI-H460	IC50	58 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 48 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 48 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
NCI-H460	IC50	35 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human H460 lung cancer cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
A549	IC50	89 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 24 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 24 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
A549	IC50	65 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 48 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 48 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
A549	IC50	43 nM	Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inhibition of cell viability against human A549 lung cancer cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.	42319734
Vero E6	EC50	0.0123 μM	Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells assessed via qRT-PCR measurement of viral copy numbers in cell supernatants following 1 h pre-treatment, 1 h co-inoculation, and 24 h post-infection incubation. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells assessed via qRT-PCR measurement of viral copy numbers in cell supernatants following 1 h pre-treatment, 1 h co-inoculation, and 24 h post-infection incubation.	33907306
Vero E6	CC₅₀	49.048 μM	Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation. Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation.	33907306
Huh-7	CC₅₀	3.035 μM	Cytotoxicity against Huh-7 cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation. Cytotoxicity against Huh-7 cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation.	33907306
HEK-293T	CC₅₀	1.995 μM	Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation. Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells measured by CCK8 assay following 24 h incubation.	33907306

In Vitro

Cephaeline (2.5-320 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide potently inhibits the proliferation of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 38.89 nM and 50.29 nM, respectively^[2].
Cephaeline (80 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide inhibits the migration of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells^[2].
Cephaeline (14 day) dihydrobromide inhibits colony formation of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and this effect is attenuated by p53 siRNA knockdown^[2].
Cephaeline (5-400 nM; 24-72 h) dihydrobromide potently inhibits the viability of H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells in a time-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 35 nM to 89 nM^[1].
Cephaeline (0.01-30 μM; 48 h) dihydrobromide inhibits the cell viability of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2 and UM-HMC-3A, with IC₅₀ values of 0.16 μM, 2.08 μM and 0.02 μM, respectively^[4].
Cephaeline (at the corresponding IC₅₀ concentration; 72 h) dihydrobromide inhibits the cell growth of UM-HMC-1 and UM-HMC-2 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines, while the growth inhibitory effect on UM-HMC-3A is not statistically significant^[4].
Cephaeline (at respective IC₅₀ concentrations) dihydrobromide inhibits cell migration of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, and UM-HMC-3A, with the onset time of inhibition varying among different cell lines^[4].
Cephaeline (at the corresponding IC₅₀ concentration; 24-48 h) dihydrobromide increases the acetylation level of histone H3 lysine 9 in the mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2 and UM-HMC-3A^[4].
Cephaeline (at the corresponding IC₅₀ concentration; 24 h) dihydrobromide reduces the level of ALDH+ cancer stem cells in UM-HMC-2 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells, but increases the ALDH+ level in UM-HMC-1 and UM-HMC-3A cells^[4].
Cephaeline (at the corresponding IC₅₀ concentration; 5 days) dihydrobromide completely inhibits tumor sphere formation in UM-HMC-1 and UM-HMC-2 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells, and reduces tumor sphere formation in UM-HMC-3A cells^[4].
Cephaeline (20-80 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide reduces intracellular GSH levels in a concentration-dependent manner and increases intracellular MDA levels in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells^[2].
Cephaeline (20-80 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide increases intracellular ROS levels in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
Cephaeline (20-80 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide increases the levels of total iron and Fe²⁺ in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
Cephaeline (20-80 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide downregulates the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in a concentration-dependent manner, and upregulates the protein expression of p53 in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells^[2].
The ferroptosis and cell death induced in human lung cancer cells H460 and A549 by cephaeline (100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide are mediated by targeting NRF2, as pretreatment with the NRF2 agonist TBHQ reverses these effects^[1].
Cephaeline (80 nM; 72 h) dihydrobromide induces ferroptosis-related changes (decreased GSH levels, increased MDA and ROS levels, downregulated expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4) in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and these effects are blocked by p53 siRNA knockdown^[2].
Cephaeline (25-100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide increases intracellular iron levels and reactive oxygen species levels in H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells^[1].
Cephaeline (25-100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide regulates the expression of ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related genes in H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells, downregulates the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11 and SLC40A1, and upregulates the expression of transferrin^[1].
Cephaeline 25-100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide downregulates the protein levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, SLC40A1 and NRF2, while upregulates the protein expression of transferrin in human lung cancer H460 and A549 cells^[1].
Cephaeline (25-100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide induces lipid peroxidation in human lung cancer cells H460 and A549, which can be detected by increased levels of malondialdehyde^[1].
Cephaeline (25-100 nM; 24 h) dihydrobromide reduces glutathione levels in H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells, thereby impairing their antioxidant capacity^[1].
Cephaeline (1.950-50 μM; 90 s injection, 180 s dissociation) dihydrobromide binds to purified SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 with a K_D value of 19.6 μM^[3].
Cephaeline (1.301-50 μM; 90 s injection, 180 s dissociation) dihydrobromide binds to the SARS-CoV-2 nsp12-nsp7-nsp8-RNA complex with a K_D value of 8.94 μM^[3].
Cephaeline (1.301-50 μM; 90 s injection, 180 s dissociation) dihydrobromide binds to purified SARS-CoV-2 N protein with a K_D value of 58.24 μM^[3].
Cephaeline (24 h) dihydrobromide potently inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, with an EC₅₀ of 0.0123 μM^[3].
Cephaeline (1 h) dihydrobromide inhibits ZIKV NS5 RdRp polymerase activity in HEK293 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 976 nM^[5].
Cephaeline (72 h) dihydrobromide inhibits Ebola virus VLP entry into HeLa cells with an IC₅₀ value of 3.27 μM, and suppresses Ebola virus infection in Vero E6 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 22.18 nM^[5].
Cephaeline (24 h) dihydrobromide exhibits cytotoxicity in Vero E6, Huh-7 and HEK293T cells, with CC₅₀ values of 49.048, 3.035 and 1.995 μM, respectively^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Real Time qPCR^[1]

Cell Line:

H460 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines
Concentration:

25, 50, 100 nM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly downregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes GPX4 and SLC7A11 in both H460 and A549 cells.
Upregulated the iron influx-promoting gene transferrin in both H460 and A549 cells.
Downregulated the iron efflux-regulating gene SLC40A1 in both H460 and A549 cells.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

H460 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines
Concentration:

5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 nM
Incubation Time:

24 h; 48 h; 72 h
Result:

Exhibited concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on H460 and A549 cell viability.
Reduced H460 cell viability with IC₅₀ values of 88 nM at 24 h, 58 nM at 48 h, and 35 nM at 72 h.
Reduced A549 cell viability with IC₅₀ values of 89 nM at 24 h, 65 nM at 48 h, and 43 nM at 72 h.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

H460 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines
Concentration:

25, 50, 100 nM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly reduced protein levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, SLC40A1, and the antioxidant regulatory protein NRF2 in both H460 and A549 cells.
Increased transferrin protein levels in both H460 and A549 cells.
Produced results consistent with RT-qPCR gene expression findings.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

H460 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines
Concentration:

100 nM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Induced cell death in both H460 and A549 cells.
Induced increases in lipid ROS and lipid peroxidation in both H460 and A549 cells.
Reduced intracellular GSH levels in both H460 and A549 cells.
Induced LDH release in both H460 and A549 cells.
Downregulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 proteins in both H460 and A549 cells.
Had all above effects significantly reversed by pre-treatment with NRF2 agonist TBHQ.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Concentration:

2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 nM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Inhibited cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines.
Exhibited an IC50 value of 38.89 nM for 4T1 cells.
Exhibited an IC50 value of 50.29 nM for MDA-MB-231 cells.

Cell Migration Assay ^[2]

Cell Line:

murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Concentration:

80 nM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly reduced the migratory capacity of both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as measured by decreased wound closure relative to untreated controls.

ELISA Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Concentration:

20, 40 and 80 nM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Caused a concentration-dependent decrease in intracellular GSH levels in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Caused a corresponding concentration-dependent increase in intracellular MDA levels in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells.

Immunofluorescence^[2]

Cell Line:

murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Concentration:

20, 40 and 80 nM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Increased ROS levels in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Concentration:

20, 40 and 80 nM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Caused a concentration-dependent downregulation of SLC7A11 protein expression in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Caused a concentration-dependent downregulation of GPX4 protein expression in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Caused a concentration-dependent upregulation of p53 protein expression in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Increased nuclear p53 fluorescence intensity in both cell lines via immunofluorescence staining.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[4]

Cell Line:

human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, UM-HMC-3A
Concentration:

0.16 μM (UM-HMC-1); 2.08 μM (UM-HMC-2); 0.02 μM (UM-HMC-3A)
Incubation Time:

24 h, 48 h, 72 h
Result:

Inhibited cell growth in UM-HMC-1 and UM-HMC-2, with the largest difference between treated and control groups observed at 72h.
Inhibited growth in UM-HMC-3A but did not reach statistical significance.

Cell Migration Assay ^[4]

Cell Line:

human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, UM-HMC-3A
Concentration:

0.16 μM (UM-HMC-1); 2.08 μM (UM-HMC-2); 0.02 μM (UM-HMC-3A)
Incubation Time:

6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h
Result:

Reduced cell migration in all three cell lines.
Induced significant inhibition in UM-HMC-1 at 48h and 60h.
Induced reduced migration in UM-HMC-2 and UM-HMC-3A as early as 24h after treatment.

Immunofluorescence^[4]

Cell Line:

human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, UM-HMC-3A
Concentration:

0.16 μM (UM-HMC-1); 2.08 μM (UM-HMC-2); 0.02 μM (UM-HMC-3A)
Incubation Time:

24 h, 48 h
Result:

Induced significant H3K9ac acetylation in all three cell lines as early as 24h after treatment, and acetylation levels remained elevated through 48h.

In Vivo

Cephaeline (5-10 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily; 12 days) dihydrobromide exhibits dose-dependent anti-lung cancer efficacy in BALB/c-nu mice bearing subcutaneous H460 xenografts, and induces ferroptosis-related protein changes in tumor tissues^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

BALB/c-nu (5-week-old female) were injected subcutaneously in the right back with 1 × 10⁶ H460 lung cancer cells (dissolved in 0.1 mL PBS) to establish a subcutaneous tumor model^[1]
Dosage:

5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; daily; 12 days
Result:

Exerted significant in vivo antitumour effects at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses.
Achieved an ED₅₀ of 3 mg/kg and minimum effective concentration of 2.5 mg/kg in the subcutaneous tumor xenograft model.
Demonstrated equivalent anti-lung cancer efficacy to erastin at 10 mg/kg dose.
Caused no significant differences in body weight compared with control mice.
Induced changes in ferroptosis-related protein expression in tumor tissue consistent with in vitro findings.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 6014-81-9
Masse moléculaire 628.44
Formule C₂₈H₄₀Br₂N₂O₄
SMILES

COC(C=C(CCN1C[C@@H]2CC)C([C@]1([H])C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C4CCN3)=C5)=C5OC.Br.Br
Synonyms

(-)-Cephaeline dihydrobromide; NSC 32944 dihydrobromide
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Isoquinoline Alkaloids
- Phenols
- Monophenols
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Stockage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Publications (2)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Migration/Invasion AssayWB

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Journal Impact Factor

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

Prognostic value of amino acid metabolism-related gene expression in invasive breast carcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;149(13):11117-11133. PMID: 37340191

Cephaeline dihydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct;149(13):11117-11133. [Abstract]

MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with different dose of Cephaeline (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 μM) and cell viability were calculated by Cell Counting Kit-8.

Cephaeline dihydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct;149(13):11117-11133. [Abstract]

Representative images of cell scratch-wound healing test taken by a microscope at × 100 magnification treated with Cephaeline (0.2, 0.4 μM).

Cephaeline dihydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct;149(13):11117-11133. [Abstract]

Representative western blots for PI3K/AKT signal pathway and HIF-1α under different doses of Cephaeline (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 μM).
Daru

Cephaeline promotes ferroptosis in breast cancer via p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 19;34(2):38. PMID: 42319734

Pureté et documentation

Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Chen P, et al. Cephaeline promotes ferroptosis by targeting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy. Pharmaceutical biology. 2024 Dec;62(1):195-206. [Content Brief]

[2]. Li X, et al. Cephaeline promotes ferroptosis in breast cancer via p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2026 Jun 19;34(2):38. [Content Brief]

[3]. Ren PX, et al. A multi-targeting drug design strategy for identifying potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2022 Feb;43(2):483-493. [Content Brief]

[4]. Silva LC, et al. Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2022 Jul;51(6):553-562. [Content Brief]

[5]. Yang S, et al. Emetine inhibits Zika and Ebola virus infections through two molecular mechanisms: inhibiting viral replication and decreasing viral entry. Cell Discov. 2018 Jun 5;4:31.

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Cephaeline dihydrobromide

2 Cited Publications

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Cephaeline dihydrobromide

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