Human MEF2C mRNA

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay detects protein-nucleic acid binding by incubating a labeled DNA or RNA probe with purified protein or cell extract, then separating free probe from slower-migrating protein-probe complexes on a native gel. For cancer cells, primary neurons, mouse tumor samples, intestinal organoids, inflammatory macrophages, or drug-treated samples, EMSA can measure transcription-factor DNA binding or RNA-binding protein activity in extracts, but it does not directly measure transcription, protein expression, or chromatin occupancy in intact cells. Specificity is judged by competition with unlabeled wild-type probe, failure of mutated or unrelated competitors to compete, and antibody supershift or disruption when the binding protein identity must be confirmed.

By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.