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Insulin

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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Targets Recommended: Insulin Receptor IGF-1R IDE

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-P0035

Insulin (human) Maximum Cited Publications 92 Publications Verification	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Insulin (human) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates the level of glucose. Insulin (human) can be used for the diabetes mellitus .

HY-P1156

Insulin(cattle) 10+ Cited Publications	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Insulin cattle is a two-chain polypeptide hormone produced in vivo in the pancreatic β cells. Insulin cattle has often been used as growth supplement in culturing cells.

HY-P0035A

Insulin solution (human) Maximum Cited Publications 92 Publications Verification	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin solution (human) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates the level of glucose. Insulin solution (human) can be used for the diabetes mellitus .

HY-B0089

Acarbose 5+ Cited Publications BAY g 5421	Glycosidase	Infection Metabolic Disease Cancer
Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin .

HY-150287

Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium, 100X 5+ Cited Publications ITS-G	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Endocrinology
Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium, 100X (ITS-G) is a mixture of Insulin, transferrin, and sodium selenite that is a general supplement designed for use in classic media such as DMEM, RPMI-1640, and nutrient media such as Ham's F-12, DMEM/F-12. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium is added to basal medium to reduce the amount of fetal calf serum required to culture cells .

HY-15209

Repaglinide 2 Publications Verification AG-EE 623ZW	Potassium Channel	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-108743

Insulin degludec	Insulin Receptor	Endocrinology
Insulin degludec is an ultra-long-acting form of *insulin* used for the research of hyperglycemia caused by type 1 and type 2 dabetes. Insulin degludec shows binding efficiency with an IC₅₀ value of 19.59 nM for insulin receptor. Insulin degludec can be used for the research of type 1 and type 2 diabetes .

HY-P3479

Insulin (swine)	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin (swine) is an orally active insulin derived from pigs. Insulin (swine) when administered orally acts as an antigen to reduce the severity of pancreatic lymphocyte infiltration, but has no metabolic effect on blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) increases glucose oxidation, stimulates lipogenesis, and lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) can be used in diabetes research .

HY-P4070

Insulin icodec	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin icodec is an Insulin (HY-P0035) analog that strongly but reversibly binds to albumin. Insulin icodec has long plasma half-life. Insulin icodec modulates insulin receptor activity, controls blood glucose levels, reduces HbA_1c levels, and binds reversibly to human serum albumin. Insulin icodec can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-109556

Insulin Detemir	Akt ERK	Metabolic Disease
Insulin Detemir is an artificial insulin, shows effect on controlling blood sugar levels. Insulin Detemir stimulates GLP-1 secretion as a consequence of enhanced Gcg expression by a mechanism involving activation of Akt- and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent-cat and CREB signaling pathways. Insulin Detemir can be used for type 2 diabetes research .

HY-108719

Insulin glargine 1 Publications Verification	Insulin Receptor Akt	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog. Insulin glargine has the effect of lowering blood sugar and can be used in the research of diabetes. In addition, high doses of Insulin glargine can promote the proliferation of bladder cancer cells .

HY-P10959

Macupatide LY3532226	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Macupatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Macupatide improves insulin secretion responses and insulin sensitivity.Macupatide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-10524

GSK1904529A 5+ Cited Publications	IGF-1R Insulin Receptor Apoptosis	Endocrinology Cancer
GSK1904529A is a potent, selective, orally active, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR), with IC₅₀s of 27 and 25 nM, respectively. GSK1904529A shows poor activity (IC₅₀>1 μM) in 45 other serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. GSK1904529A exhibits anti-tumor activity .

HY-109555

Insulin glulisine HMR 1964	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Insulin glulisine (HMR 1964) is a rapid-acting insulin analog whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties mimic physiological insulin secretion in humans, with a rapid onset of action. Insulin glulisine controls hyperglycemia. Insulin glulisine is applicable to research related to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes .

HY-P99665

Insulin efsitora alfa LY-3209590	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin efsitora alfa (LY-3209590) is a selective agonist of insulin receptor (IR). Insulin efsitora alfa is a fusion protein composed of human IR agonists fused with the crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) fragment, with a molecular weight of 64.1 kDa. Insulin efsitora alfa is well tolerated and has potential applications in diabetes .

HY-P1745

InsB (9-23) Insulin B chain (9-23)	MHC Insulin Receptor IFNAR	Inflammation/Immunology
InsB (9-23) (Insulin B chain (9-23)) is an HLA-DQ8-restricted insulin B-chain peptide composed of amino acid residues 9-23. InsB (9-23) serves as a major MHC II class-restricted antigen. InsB (9-23) supports the recognition and activation of T cells, stimulates the secretion of IFN-γ and cytokines, and induces cross-reactive immune responses. InsB (9-23)-specific CD4 T cells can initiate diabetes . InsB (9-23) can be used in research related to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes .

HY-W018499

(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the S-enantiomer of 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid. 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, a coproduct of protein metabolism, is an insulin resistance (IR) biomarker .

HY-150287A

Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Ethanolamine ITS-X	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Ethanolamine (ITS-X) is a cell culture supplement as well as a cell growth and adhesion promoter. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Ethanolamine supports adhesion, pseudopodium formation, pseudopodium elongation and proliferation of adherent cancer cells in serum-free culture systems .

HY-P2511

Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23)	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Metabolic Disease
Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23) is one of the earliest antigenic epitopes to which CD8 T-cells respond .

HY-108022A

Azemiglitazone potassium 1 Publications Verification MSDC-0602K	Insulin Receptor PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Azemiglitazone potassium (MSDC-0602K), a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (Ps-TZD), binds to PPARγ with the IC₅₀ of 18.25 μM . Azemiglitazone potassium modulates the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Azemiglitazone potassium can be used for the research of fatty liver including dysfunctional lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance . Azemiglitazone potassium, an *insulin* sensitizer, improves insulinemia and fatty liver disease in mice, alone and in combination with Liraglutide .

HY-157189

GPR132 antagonist 1 1 Publications Verification	G2A (GPR132)	Metabolic Disease
GPR132 antagonist 1 (GPR132-B-160, Compound 25) is a GPR132 antagonist with an EC₅₀ value of 0.075 μM. GPR132 antagonist 1 has promote insulin secretion activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.7 μM .

HY-18313

S6K1-IN-1	Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) JAK CDK	Metabolic Disease
S6K1-IN-1 is a selective S6K1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 52 nM. S6K1-IN-1 can be used in the research of obesity and insulin resistance-related diseases .

HY-110197

6bK TFA 2 Publications Verification	IDE	Metabolic Disease
6bK TFA is a selective insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 50 nM. 6bK TFA binds to the distal pocket of IDE, thereby blocking substrate binding, peptide unfolding and cleavage processes, and reducing the degradation of insulin, glucagon and amylin. 6bK TFA improves oral glucose tolerance but impairs intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. 6bK TFA can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes .

HY-108767

Insulin aspart B28Asp; B28-Asp-Insulin; INA-X 14; Insulin X 14	Insulin Receptor Drug Derivative	Metabolic Disease
Insulin aspart (B28Asp) is a rapid-acting h-Insulin (HY-P0035) analog. Insulin aspart induces a faster hypoglycemic effect. Insulin aspart can be used in diabetes-related research .

HY-P991290

IRAB-B	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
IRAB-B is a human monoclonal antibody targeting INSR. IRAB-B is an insulin receptor (IR) antagonist and can be used in the study of insulin resistance and diabetes .

HY-107651

VU 0365114 1 Publications Verification	mAChR	Metabolic Disease
VU 0365114 is a selective mAChR M₅ positive allosteric modulator, with an EC₅₀ of 2.7 μM, and >30 μM for M1, M2, M3 and M4 receptors. VU 0365114 increases insulin secretion stimulated by ACh in human β-cells .

HY-N8522

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid	Others	Metabolic Disease
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .

HY-P1777

IGF-I (24-41) Insulin-like Growth Factor I (24-41)	IGF-1R	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
IGF-I (24-41) (Insulin-like Growth Factor I (24-41)) is amino acids 24 to 41 fragment of IGF-I. IGF-I, a 70 aa polypeptide hormone, is a trophic factor for both neurons and glial cells. IGF-I is partly responsible for systemic growth hormone (GH) activities. IGF-I has anabolic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions. IGF-I (24-41) regulates somatic growth and behavioral development .

HY-148598

Curcumin 5-8 CUR5-8	Apoptosis Autophagy	Metabolic Disease
Curcumin 5-8 (CUR5-8) is a potent and orally active naturally active curcumin (CUR) analog. Curcumin 5-8 inhibits lipid droplet formation. Curcumin 5-8 increases autophagy and inhibits Apoptosis. Curcumin 5-8 improves insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity .

HY-18764

BpV(pic) potassium hydrate 1 Publications Verification	PTEN	Metabolic Disease
BpV(pic) potassium hydrate is a PTEN inhibitor with IC₅₀ 31 nM. BpV(pic) potassium hydrate is also an insulin simulator that activates insulin receptor kinase in cultured liver cancer cells, stimulates adipogenesis in adipocytes, and inhibits the dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated insulin receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in rat hepatosomes .

HY-15209S

Repaglinide-d5 AG-EE 623ZW d₅	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Potassium Channel	Metabolic Disease
Repaglinide-d₅ is deuterium labeled Repaglinide. Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-N9326

Uralenol	Phosphatase	Metabolic Disease
Uralenol is a natural PTP1B inhibitor (IC₅₀=21. 5 μM) from Broussonetia papyrifera. PTP1B have been shown to play a major role in the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor in many cellular and biochemical studies .

HY-124097

HNMPA-(AM)3	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
HNMPA-(AM)3 is a cell-permeable and selective insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor analog of HNMPA. HNMPA-(AM)3 greatly inhibits the ability of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) to activate ERK phosphorylation and stimulate ecdysteroidogenesis. HNMPA-(AM)3 is also effective in inhibiting ecdysteroid production (IC₅₀=14.2 μM) and insulin receptor activity (IC₅₀ is 14.2 μM and 200 μM in mosquitoes and mammals, respectively) .

HY-N7912

Pterosin A (2S)-Pterosin A	AMPK PEPCK GSK-3 GLUT Akt p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Pterosin A ((2S)-Pterosin A) is a sesquiterpene compound. Pterosin A is an orally active AMPK activator with anti-diabetic effect. Pterosin A can promote glucose uptake, increase serum insulin, and improve hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Pterosin A can prevent insulin-secreting cells death and reduce ROS production. Pterosin A can be used for the research of metabolic disease, such as diabetes .

HY-112819

Insulin levels modulator	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin levels modulator (Example 49) is an orally active insulin secretagogue. Insulin levels modulator can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-related disorders .

HY-147394

GPR41 agonist-1 2 Publications Verification	Free Fatty Acid Receptor	Metabolic Disease
GPR41 agonist-1 (compound 9) is a potent GPR41 agonist. GPR41 agonist-1 can be used for researching insulin-related disorders .

HY-P4685

(Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II	Angiotensin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
(Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II is a functionally selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonist. (Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II potentiates insulin-stimulated insulin receptor (IR) signaling and glycogen synthesis. (Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II potentiates insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3α/β .

HY-147392

CXCR2 antagonist 8	CXCR	Metabolic Disease
CXCR2 antagonist 8 is a potent and selective CXCR2 antagonist. CXCR2 antagonist 8 can be used for insulin resistance research .

HY-P3863

Pancreastatin (swine)	Ser/Thr Protease	Inflammation/Immunology
Pancreastatin (swine) is a 49-residue peptide which strongly inhibits glucose-induced insulin release. Pancreastatin (swine) can be isolated and characterized from porcine pancreas .

HY-P3580A

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA Human N-acetyl GIP TFA	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity .

HY-145727C

Volanesorsen scramble negative control ISIS 304801 scramble negative control	Apolipoprotein	Endocrinology
Volanesorsen scramble negative control is a negative control for volanesorsen (HY-145727) with the sequence: CAUGUTCUTCUGCATGUCAU. Volanesorsen (ISIS 304801) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein CIII (apo-CIII) mRNA that can lower triglyceride levels and improve insulin resistance .

HY-P5431

Insulin receptor (1142-1153), pTyr1150	Insulin Receptor	Others
Insulin receptor (1142-1153), pTyr1150 is a biological active peptide. (Peptide used as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate.)

HY-164368

GLUT4 activator 2	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
GLUT4 activator 2 (C59) is an *insulin* sensitizer, which can be used for research of diabetic diseases. GLUT4 activator 2 improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in rodents. GLUT4 activator 2 interacts with Unc119 and Unc119B resulting in increased insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 translocation .

HY-N9685

Digitoxose D-(+)-Digitoxose	Others	Metabolic Disease
Digitoxose (D-(+)-Digitoxose), a natural product, specifically and competitively inhibits glucose-stimulated *insulin* release from islets in lean and obese mice. Digitoxose can be used in diabetes research .

HY-N3426

Kazinol B	NO Synthase Akt AMPK	Metabolic Disease
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research .

HY-109530

Insulin lispro	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin lispro is a recombinant human insulin analogue and is one of three rapid-acting insulin analogues available. Insulin lispro can be used for the research of hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus .

HY-150287B

Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Sodium Pyruvate ITS-A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Sodium Pyruvate (ITS-A) is a basal media supplement used to reduce the amount of fetal bovine serum (FBS) used to culture cells.

HY-W039923

β-D-Galactose pentaacetate	Insulin Receptor	Endocrinology
β-D-Galactose pentaacetate is a negative regulator of *insulin* with plasma membrane penetrating ability and can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. β-D-Galactose pentaacetate inhibits Leucine (HY-N0486)-induced insulin release in Wistar rat islets, potentially preventing excessive insulin release in pathological conditions .

HY-113878

12-OAHSA	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
12-OAHSA is a component of olive oil. 12-OAHSA has oral activity, and improves glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant obese mice .

HY-115461

MID-1	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
MID-1 is a disruptor of MG53-IRS-1 (Mitsugumin 53-insulin receptor substrate-1) interaction. MID-1 disrupts molecular association of MG53 with IRS-1 and abolishes MG53-induced IRS-1 ubiquitination and degradation in skeletal muscle, leading to elevated IRS-1 expression level and increased insulin signaling and glucose uptake .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-15494

Picropodophyllin 25+ Cited Publications AXL1717; Picropodophyllotoxin; PPP	Classification of Application Fields Lignans Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying Phenylpropanoids Plants Berberidaceae Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Source Classification	IGF-1R Apoptosis
Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1 nM.

HY-B1411

i-Inositol 5+ Cited Publications myo-Inositol; meso-Inositol	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Disease markers Other Diseases Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
i-Inositol (myo-Inositol) is a compound of sugar alcohols. i-Inositol is involved in a series of biological processes such as insulin signal transduction and cytoskeletal transduction. i-Inositol mainly exists in glial cells and plays an osmotic role .

HY-B0089

Acarbose 5+ Cited Publications BAY g 5421	Structural Classification Polysaccharides Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Glycosidase
Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin .

HY-N7073

Silymarin 5+ Cited Publications	Infection Natural Products Glycine soya Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	SARS-CoV
Silymarin is an extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silymarin is an effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M ^pro) inhibitor. Silymarin can significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis as well as insulin resistance. Silymarin has the chemopreventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Silymarin has the potential for COVID-19 research .

HY-N0236

Corylin 5+ Cited Publications	Infection Monophenols Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Phenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Disease Research Fields Isoflavones Source Classification	Antibiotic STAT
Corylin is an orally active flavonoid anti-inflammatory and osteogenic agent that inhibits IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity and STAT3 phosphorylation. Corylin also has anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, and ameliorating activity in hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, inducing adipocyte browning and lipolysis through SIRT1 or β3-AR-dependent pathways .

HY-N0457

Chicoric acid 2 Publications Verification Cichoric acid; Dicaffeoyltartaric acid	other families Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Other Phenylpropanoids Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Phenylpropanoids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects .

HY-113016

Elaidic acid 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Wnt ERK Bacterial Interleukin Related
Elaidic acid is an orally active trans fatty acid. Elaidic acid enhances the stemness of colorectal cancer cells by activating the Wnt/ERK1/2 pathway, thereby promoting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and inhibiting apoptosis. Elaidic acid also inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus and alters the cell surface hydrophobicity of Lactobacillus. Elaidic acid reduces basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake in muscle cells and adipocytes. Elaidic acid can be used in research on colorectal cancer, insulin and other related areas .

HY-N9410

Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC; LPC(18:2/0:0); LysoPC(18:2)	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 (1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC), a lysophospholipid, is a potential biomarker identified from insulin resistance (IR) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Low plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 also has been shown to predict impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and memory impairment .

HY-W040127

Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride 1 Publications Verification	Anthocyans Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Vitis vinifera cv. Zalema Metabolic Disease Plants Vitaceae Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Insulin Receptor
Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride is an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR1 and Glucokinase. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride enhances insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells and increases glucose uptake by liver cells. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride activates FFAR1, promotes the phosphorylation of related proteins in the insulin secretion pathway, and increases the expression of FFAR1. In liver cells, Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride activates GK and regulates proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride can be used in diabetes research .

HY-W012241

Dodecanedioic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PROTAC Linkers
Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-N2118

Bilobetin 2 Publications Verification	Flavonoids Ginkgoaceae Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Biflavones Ginkgo biloba Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PPAR PKA Akt p38 MAPK ERK
Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity .

HY-125848

Ginsenoside F2	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis AMPK PPAR p38 MAPK PI3K Akt GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) SOD Caspase
Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota . Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma .

HY-77813

Benzyl isothiocyanate	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Opiliaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Salvadora persica Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia .

HY-135897

Urolithin C 5 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Urolithin C, a gut-microbial metabolite of Ellagic acid, is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion. Urolithin C is a L-type Ca ²⁺ channel opener and enhances Ca ²⁺ influx. Urolithin C induces cell apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway and also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation .

HY-N3021

D-chiro-Inositol	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite NF-κB TNF Receptor FOXO Microtubule/Tubulin
D-chiro-Inositol is a stereoisomer of inositol that exhibits activities such as improving glucose metabolism, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant activity. D-chiro-Inositol effectively alleviates cholestasis by enhancing bile acid secretion and reducing oxidative stress. D-chiro-Inositol improves insulin resistance, lowers hyperglycemia and circulating insulin levels, reduces serum androgen levels, and ameliorates some metabolic abnormalities associated with X syndrome by mimicking the action of insulin. Additionally, D-chiro-Inositol can induce a reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (such as Nf-κB) and cytokines (such as TNF-α), thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. D-chiro-Inositol may be used in the study of liver cirrhosis, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome .

HY-113202

Stearoylcarnitine 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PKC GlyT
Stearoylcarnitine, a fatty ester lipid molecule, is an endogenous metabolite. Stearoylcarnitine can be used as PKC inhibitor. Stearoylcarnitine accumulates in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes mouse. Stearoylcarnitine inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in rat and rabbits plasma. Stearoylcarnitine acts as a metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Stearoylcarnitine is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2 .

HY-P2358

PSMα3	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB p38 MAPK
PSMα3 is an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK. PSMα3 forms membrane pores and binds to residues of human insulin B chain to inhibit insulin aggregation. PSMα3 forms α-type amyloid-like fibrils to exert cytotoxic effects, and acts as a functional amyloid virulence determinant of Staphylococcus aureus. PSMα3 is applicable to research related to spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-derived amyloidosis, and Staphylococcus aureus infection .

HY-N0936

Coixol 1 Publications Verification 6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone; 6-MBOA	Infection Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Gramineae Marine natural products Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Coixol (6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone; 6-MBOA) is a potent and orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Coixol decreases the iNOS protein expression. Coixol inhibits the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Coixol improves glucose tolerance and plasma insulin. Coixol decreases the blood glucose level .

HY-B0025

Voglibose 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Glycosidase
Voglibose is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that prevents the development of colorectal precancerous lesions induced by obesity and diabetes. Voglibose reduces oxidative stress in an inflammatory environment and inhibits the insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF/IGF-1R) functional axis .

HY-N0628

Kaempferitrin 5 Publications Verification Lespedin; Lespenephryl	Flavonols Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Bauhinia × blakeana Dunn Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Source Classification	Insulin Receptor
Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates *insulin* signaling pathway.

HY-128417

alpha-D-glucose	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Monosaccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
\alpha-D-glucose is a monosaccharide that has a more significant insulin stimulating effect than beta-D-glucose .

HY-Y0399

L-Norvaline Norvaline	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Amyloid-β TNF Receptor Arginase
L-Norvaline is the inhibitor for arginase, that promotes the production of NO, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin resistance, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects. L-Norvaline can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-N1419

Vaccarin 1 Publications Verification	Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	AMPK Akt ERK p38 MAPK NF-κB Nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT) JNK
Vaccarin is an orally active flavonoid glycoside with multiple biological functions. Vaccarin promotes neovascularization by activating AKT and ERK. Vaccarin activates the AMPK signaling pathway to improve insulin resistance and steatosis. Vaccarin is a MAPK, NF-κB, and NFAT inhibitor, effectively blocking RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis .

HY-W018499

(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid 1 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the S-enantiomer of 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid. 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, a coproduct of protein metabolism, is an insulin resistance (IR) biomarker .

HY-22306

β-D-Glucose pentaacetate Penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose	Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Others
β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate (Penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a glucose derivative, which is mainly used to explore the mechanism of insulin secretion .

HY-N6869

Dehydroabietic acid 1 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Antibiotic PPAR Bacterial Fungal
Dehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid that can be isolated from Pinus and Picea. Dehydroabietic acid has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Dehydroabietic acid is a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist and PPAR-γ partial agonist, which can attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD-consumption in mice .

HY-U00462

D-Mannoheptulose	Persea americana Mill Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Lauraceae Disease Research Fields Saccharides Monosaccharides Source Classification	Hexokinase
D-Mannoheptulose is a 7-carbon keto sugar found in avocado. D-mannoheptulose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase isoenzymes. D-Mannoheptulose can block insulin release and utilization of carbohydrate in rat. D-Mannoheptulose has various functions as anti-oxidants, anticancer effects and energy sources .

HY-B1021

Vincamine 1 Publications Verification	Apocynaceae Cardiovascular Disease Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Plants Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification	Free Fatty Acid Receptor
Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine is a peripheral vasodilator and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation . Vincamine is a GPR40 agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Vincamine improves glucose homeostasis in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research .

HY-107207

Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside 3 Publications Verification Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Typhaceae Classification of Application Fields Typha orientalis Presl Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Insulin Receptor PI3K PKC
Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside mimics insulin action via the PI3K/PKC pathway, significantly promoting glucose uptake and increasing muscle glycogen content in rat soleus muscles. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside also exhibits anti-glycation activity. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside binds to albumin through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside can be used in studies of diabetes and its related complications .

HY-Y0418

Dulcite Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dulcite (Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944) is a sugar alcohol. Dulcite is produced by the reduction of galactose by aldose reductase in non-insulin-dependent cells .

HY-101017

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Akt Calcium Channel
Palmitoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid-derived mitochondrial substrate, and selectively decreases cell survival in colorectal and prostate cancer cells by affecting on pro-inflammatory pathways, Ca ²⁺ influx, and DHT-like effects .

HY-N0479

Licarin B 1 Publications Verification (-)-Licarin B	Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Metabolic Disease Myristicaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PPAR GLUT
Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway .

HY-N8522

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ricinus communis L. Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Euphorbiaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .

HY-N2209

Angeloylgomisin H	Classification of Application Fields Lignans Metabolic Disease Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PPAR
Angeloylgomisin H, as a major lignin extract of Schisandra rubriflora, has the potential to improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by activating PPAR-γ .

HY-N4244

Kakkalide 1 Publications Verification	Monophenols Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Isoflavones Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Kakkalide is an isoflavone derived from the flowers of Pueraria lobata. Kakkalide ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated inflammation .

HY-128400

4'-Methoxychalcone	Flavonoids Chalcones Classification of Application Fields Piperaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Piper nigrum Linn. Cancer Source Classification	PARP
4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-N0910

Notoginsenoside Ft1 1 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	PI3K mTOR Akt Apoptosis p38 MAPK ERK Transmembrane Glycoprotein Glutathione Reductase (GR) Estrogen Receptor/ERR Calcium Channel Ferroptosis G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 FXR
Notoginsenoside Ft1 is an orally active bioactive saponin. Notoginsenoside Ft1 inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, activates the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and increases the proportion of CD8 ⁺ T cells, thereby inducing apoptosis and lysosomal cell death in various cancer cells, and promoting angiogenesis. Notoginsenoside Ft1 causes vasodilation by activating glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in endothelial cells. Notoginsenoside Ft1 increases intracellular Ca ²⁺ accumulation, reduces cAMP levels by activating a signaling network mediated through P2Y₁₂ receptors, and promotes platelet aggregation, thereby exerting a procoagulant effect. Notoginsenoside Ft1 inhibits ferroptosis (ferroptosis) in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the TGR5 receptor, thereby demonstrating a renal protective effect. Notoginsenoside Ft1 acts as a TGR5 agonist and an FXR antagonist to combat obesity and insulin resistance .

HY-120657

9-PAHSA	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	CGRP Receptor NF-κB
9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-135700

Mevalonolactone	Structural Classification Microorganisms Other Phenylpropanoids Phenylpropanoids Source Classification	Calcineurin Ras HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR)
Mevalonolactone is an intermediate metabolite in the eukaryotic mevalonate pathway, serving as the stable δ-lactone form of mevalonate with oral activity. Mevalonolactone exhibits binding affinity for ZNF384 (K_a = 12.6 μM) and inhibitory activity against aconitase (aconitase). Mevalonolactone promotes the nuclear localization of ZNF384 and enhances its binding to the GGPPS promoter. Mevalonolactone induces insulin resistance, disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, enhances the isoprenylation of K-Ras, and inhibits the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Mevalonolactone inhibits polypeptide synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase in isolated rat hepatocytes, promotes its degradation, and reduces its enzymatic activity. Mevalonolactone impairs mitochondrial function in rat brains. Mevalonolactone promotes the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Mevalonolactone can be used in research related to metabolically abnormal obesity, mevalonic aciduria, HMGCR-related limb-girdle myopathy, and statin-induced myopathy .

HY-N4294

Arjungenin	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Combretaceae Metabolic Disease Terminalia chebula Retz. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	FXR Insecticide
Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) .

HY-N9326

Uralenol	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Phosphatase
Uralenol is a natural PTP1B inhibitor (IC₅₀=21. 5 μM) from Broussonetia papyrifera. PTP1B have been shown to play a major role in the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor in many cellular and biochemical studies .

HY-N7912

Pterosin A (2S)-Pterosin A	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Natural Products Plants Pteridiaceae Source Classification	AMPK PEPCK GSK-3 GLUT Akt p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Pterosin A ((2S)-Pterosin A) is a sesquiterpene compound. Pterosin A is an orally active AMPK activator with anti-diabetic effect. Pterosin A can promote glucose uptake, increase serum insulin, and improve hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Pterosin A can prevent insulin-secreting cells death and reduce ROS production. Pterosin A can be used for the research of metabolic disease, such as diabetes .

HY-N0597

Panaxatriol 3 Publications Verification	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Others Insulin Receptor
Panaxatriol is an orally active insulin sensitizer. Panaxatriol enhances the phosphorylation levels of Akt, insulin receptor and p70S6K in skeletal muscle. Panaxatriol reduces the mRNA expression level of Atrogin1 in skeletal muscle. Panaxatriol induces apoptosis, pre-G1 cell cycle arrest and increased intracellular ROS levels in prostate cancer cells, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits cell migration and reduces colony formation. Panaxatriol can be used in research related to insulin resistance, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and prostate cancer .

HY-W109613

Methyl dehydroabietate	Structural Classification Pinaceae Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Source Classification	Bacterial PPAR Fungal
Methyl dehydroabietate is an orally active resin acid. Methyl dehydroabietate disrupts microbial cell walls and exhibits significant antibacterial activity. Methyl dehydroabietate induces the expression of PPARα in the liver and PPARγ in adipose tissue, and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Methyl dehydroabietate improves insulin resistance, reduces TNFα levels, and alleviates adipocyte hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Methyl dehydroabietate can be used in research related to obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis .

HY-W010031

1-Methyluric acid	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Other disease Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Endogenous Metabolite
1-Methyluric acid acts on the urinary bladder mucosa and increases the blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels.

HY-N8630

Oleacein	Oleaceae Phenols Polyphenols Jasminum azoricum L. Plants Source Classification	Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
Oleacein (Compound 9) is an ACE inhibitor that can be isolated from J. grandiflorum. Oleacein is orally active and can be used in the study of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases .

HY-129297

CMPF	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
CMPF can be found in trace constituent of urine and blood. CMPF is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes. CMPF can act on the β cell and induces impaired mitochondrial function. CMPF decreases glucose-induced ATP accumulation, and induces oxidative stress. CMPF reverses hepatic lipid accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice .

HY-B1411R

i-Inositol (Standard) myo-Inositol (Standard); meso-Inositol (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
i-Inositol (Standard) is the analytical standard of i-Inositol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. i-Inositol (myo-Inositol) is a compound of sugar alcohols. i-Inositol is involved in a series of biological processes such as insulin signal transduction and cytoskeletal transduction. i-Inositol mainly exists in glial cells and plays an osmotic role .

HY-B0089R

Acarbose (Standard) BAY g 5421 (Standard)	Structural Classification Polysaccharides Microorganisms Saccharides Source Classification	Reference Standards Glycosidase
Acarbose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acarbose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin .

HY-N9536

Cinnamtannin A2	Flavanonols Flavonoids Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Lauraceae Biflavones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	GLP Receptor
Cinnamtannin A2, a tetrameric procyanidin, can increases GLP-1 and insulin secretion in mice. Cinnamtannin A2 could upregulate the expression of corticotrophin releasing hormone. Cinnamtannin A2 exhibits antioxidant, anti-diabetic and nephroprotective effect .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-114118S3

Semaglutide-13C6,15N TFA

Semaglutide- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Semaglutide TFA (HY-114118A). Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-112537S1

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate-13C6 (disodium xhydrate)

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate- ¹³C₆ disodium xhydrate is a ¹³C-labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate is a key central node metabolite in sugar metabolism, serving as the initial metabolite of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and also a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can act as a metabolic stress signal, especially when phosphoglucomutase (PGI) is inhibited, activating the mTOR pathway, promoting protein synthesis, and thereby participating in the remodeling process of the heart. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and heart failure.

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA

Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8

Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-101064S3

Fmoc-leucine-d10
Fmoc-leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-15209S

Repaglinide-d5
Repaglinide-d₅ is deuterium labeled Repaglinide. Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-114299S

Salcaprozate-d4 sodium

Salcaprozate-d4 (sodium) is a deuterated labeled Salcaprozate (sodium) . Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter, and has the potential as a delivery agent for oral forms of heparin and insulin. Salcaprozate sodium could increase passive transcellular permeation across small intestinal epithelia based on increased lipophilicity arising from non-covalent macromolecule complexation .

HY-101064S2

Fmoc-leucine-d3
Fmoc-leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-101064S1

Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N
Fmoc-leucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is a ¹⁵N-labeled and ¹³C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity

HY-112537S2

D-Glucose 6-phosphate-13C

D-Glucose 6-phosphate- ¹³C is ¹³C labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate (HY-112537). D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure.

HY-N0378S1

D-Mannitol-13C

D-Mannitol- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β₃-adrenergic receptor (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells . D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed .

HY-N9410S

Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2-d9
Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2-d₉ is deuterium labeled Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2. Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 (1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC), a lysophospholipid, is a potential biomarker identified from insulin resistance (IR) polycystic ovary

HY-W040329S1

2'-Deoxyadenosine-13C10

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹³C₁₀ is ¹³C-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329) ^{. 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^.}

HY-N0378S2

D-Mannitol-13C6

D-Mannitol- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β₃-adrenergic receptor (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells . D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed .

HY-B0422S

Nateglinide-d5
Nateglinide-d₅ is a deuterium labeled Nateglinide. Nateglinide, a D-phenylalanine derivative, is an orally active and short-acting insulinotropic agent and a DPP IV inhibitor. Nateglinide inhibits ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic β-cells. Nateglinide is used for the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus[1][2].

HY-W012241S1

Dodecanedioic acid-d4

Dodecanedioic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dodecanedioic acid (HY-W012241). Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-Y0399S

L-Norvaline-d5
L-Norvaline-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Norvaline. L-Norvaline is the inhibitor for arginase, that promotes the production of NO, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin resistance, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects. L-Norvaline can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-W770410

9-PAHSA-13C4

9-PAHSA- ¹³C₄ is ¹³C-labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSAis an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSAsignificantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSAinduces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSAregulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSAdoes not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSAcan be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-W011012S

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-13C disodium

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate- ¹³C (disodium) is a ¹³C-labeled Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (HY-W011012). Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium is an orally active purine nucleotide, and participates in ATP metabolism. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium is also a ligand for adenosine 2B receptor. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium can activate AMPK in skeletal muscle, and ameliorates insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium can be used for research of diabetes .

HY-W011683S6

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-13C10,15N5 hydrate

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer .

HY-113202S

Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d3

Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Stearoylcarnitine. Stearoylcarnitine, a fatty ester lipid molecule, is an endogenous metabolite. Stearoylcarnitine can be used as PKC inhibitor. Stearoylcarnitine accumulates in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes mouse. Stearoylcarnitine inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in rat and rabbits plasma. Stearoylcarnitine acts as a metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Stearoylcarnitine is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2 .

HY-15656S

Ceritinib-d7

Ceritinib (LDK378)-d₇ is a deuterium labeled Ceritinib (HY-15656). Ceritinib is a selective, orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor . Ceritinib is a selective, orally bioavailable, and ATP-competitive ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 200 pM. Ceritinib also inhibits IGF-1R, InsR, and STK22D with IC₅₀ values of 8, 7, and 23 nM, respectively. Ceritinib shows great antitumor potency .

HY-14771S

Imeglimin-d3
Imeglimin-d₃ (EMD 387008-d₃) is deuterium labeled Imeglimin. Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function .

HY-120657S

9-PAHSA-d4

9-PAHSA-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-W724355

Denatonium benzoate-d5

Denatonium benzoate-d₅ (THS-839-d₅) is the deuterium labeled Denatonium benzoate (HY-B1146). Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is known as the most bitter compound and is commonly used as a deterrent (bittering agent) to activate different types of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) with oral activity. Denatonium benzoate can enhance insulin secretion, has anti-inflammatory effects, and promotes allergy susceptibility .

HY-W012722BS

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid-d7 sodium

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid-d₇ (α-Ketoisocaproic acid-d₇) sodium is the deuterium labeled 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (HY-W012722).4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is a metabolite of L-leucine and is involved in energy metabolism. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and insulin resistance by impairing mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways .

HY-W011683S3

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-5′-13C

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-5′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer .

HY-W011683S

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′-13C

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer .

HY-N0378S4

D-Mannitol-d2

D-Mannitol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β₃-adrenergic receptor (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells . D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed .

HY-153830S

LacCer (d18:1/16:0)-d3

LacCer (d18:1/16:0) (C16 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0))-d₃ is the deuterium labeled LacCer (d18:1/16:0) (HY-153830). LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid that can form membrane microdomains with Lyn kinase and the αi subunits of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LacCer (d18:1/16:0) are elevated in the plasma of insulin-resistant cattle. LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is also upregulated in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease (a neurodegenerative cholesterol-sphingolipid lysosomal storage disorder). LacCer (d18:1/16:0) can be used in research on metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-143712S1

Allolithocholic Acid-d4

Allolithocholic Acid-d₄ (3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d₄, allo-LCA-d₄) is deuterium labeled Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-W012241S

Dodecanedioic acid-d20

Dodecanedioic acid-d₂₀ is the deuterium labeled Dodecanedioic acid (HY-W012241). Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-W777762

Dodecanedioic Acid-13C12

Dodecanedioic Acid- ¹³C₁2 is the ¹³C-labeled Dodecanedioic acid (HY-W012241). Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-100713S

Temocapril-d5
Temocapril-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Temocapril. Temocapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Temocapril hydrochloride can be used for the research of hypertension, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, insulin resistance, and renal diseases .

HY-W010031S1

1-Methyluric acid-d3
1-Methyluric acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled 1-Methyluric acid (HY-W010031). 1-Methyluric acid acts on the urinary bladder mucosa and increases the blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels .

HY-15494S1

Picropodophyllin-d6
Picropodophyllin-d₆ (AXL1717-d₆) is deuterium labeled Picropodophyllin. Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM.

HY-W703629

Acetohexamide-d11
Acetohexamide-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled Acetohexamide (HY-B0881). Acetohexamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea agent used in research related to type 2 diabetes; it stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin.Acetohexamide inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the β cells of the pancreas .

HY-B0089S

Acarbose-d4
Acarbose-d₄ (BAY g 5421-d₄) is deuterium labeled Acarbose. Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin .

HY-15494S

Picropodophyllin-d3
Picropodophyllin-d₃ (AXL1717-d₃; Picropodophyllotoxin-d₃; PPP-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Picropodophyllin (HY-15494). Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1 nM.

HY-N0479S

Licarin B-d4
Licarin B-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Licarin B (HY-N0479). Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway .

HY-114456S

Ganglioside GM3-d7

Ganglioside GM3-d₇ is deuterium labeled Ganglioside GM3. Ganglioside GM3 is a precursor of a-, b-, and c-series gangliosides, interacts with transmembrane receptors such as the epidermal growth factor and insulin receptors, and regulates receptor functions by creating a specialized lipid environment. Ganglioside GM3 is synthesized by GM3 synthase and can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia .

HY-144026S

9-PAHSA-d9

9-PAHSA-d9 is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA (HY-120657). 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-120657S1

9-PAHSA-d31

9-PAHSA-d₃₁ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-W767186

D-Mannoheptulose-13C7

D-Mannoheptulose- ¹³C₇ is the ¹³C-labeled D-Mannoheptulose. D-Mannoheptulose is a 7-carbon keto sugar found in avocado. D-mannoheptulose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase isoenzymes. D-Mannoheptulose can block insulin release and utilization of carbohydrate in rat. D-Mannoheptulose has various functions as anti-oxidants, anticancer effects and energy sources .

HY-U00462S

D-Mannoheptulose-13C

D-Mannoheptulose- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled D-Mannoheptulose (HY-U00462) . D-Mannoheptulose is a 7-carbon keto sugar found in avocado. D-mannoheptulose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase isoenzymes. D-Mannoheptulose can block insulin release and utilization of carbohydrate in rat. D-Mannoheptulose has various functions as anti-oxidants, anticancer effects and energy sources .

HY-117660S

Lincomycin-d3

Lincomycin-d₃ (U-10149-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Lincomycin. Lincomycin is an orally active lincosamide antibiotic. Lincomycin binds to the ribosomes of Gram-positive bacteria to inhibit protein synthesis. Lincomycin can inhibit chloroplast translation, disrupt chloroplast integrity, and activate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Lincomycin induces alterations in lipid profiles and liver injury, disrupts blood glucose and insulin levels, and increases growth rate in mice.

HY-W747751

Sorbic acid-13C2

Sorbic acid- ¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Sorbic acid (HY-N0626). Sorbic acid is an effective, safe, and non-toxic food preservative. It can effectively inhibit most molds, yeasts, and certain bacteria. Sorbic acid is orally active and can enhance the growth performance of economically important animals (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets) by activating the insulin-like growth factor system (IGF), and it can also lead to lipid accumulation by disrupting lipid clearance pathways .

Targets Recommended: Insulin Receptor IGF-1R IDE

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-N0378AGL

D-Mannitol, M200 (GMP Like) Mannitol, M200 (GMP Like); Mannite, M200 (GMP Like)	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Adrenergic Receptor PGC-1α PKA	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
D-Mannitol, M200 (GMP Like) (Mannitol, M200 (GMP Like)) is the GMP Like class D-Mannitol that can be used as pharmaceutical excipients. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells .

HY-N0378BGL

D-Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like) Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like); Mannite, M100 (GMP Like)	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Adrenergic Receptor PGC-1α PKA	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
D-Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like) (Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like)) is the GMP Like class D-Mannitol that can be used as pharmaceutical excipients. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells .

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