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Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β .
Lysophosphatidylcholines is an orally active lysolipid and a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lysophosphatidylcholines induces cell injury, the production of IL-1β and apoptosis. Lysophosphatidylcholines has a proactive effect on sepsis .
Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
Selnoflast (RO7486967), formerly somalix/RG6418/IZD334, is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Selnoflast is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β release stimulated by NLRP3 activation in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) monocyte-derived macrophages. Selnoflast is promising for research of AD and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of humanmonocytes into macrophages .
Manumycin A is a polyketide antibiotic and an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). Manumycin A can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and exert its anti-tumor activity through LC3. Manumycin A can downregulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in humanmonocytes stimulated by TNF α, and has potential anti-inflammatory activity. Manumycin A can inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration resistant prostate cancer cells to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion .
Jagged-1 (188-204) is a fragment of the Jagged-1 (JAG-1) protein with Notch agonist activity. JAG-1 is a Notch ligand highly expressed in cultured and primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells. JAG-1 induces maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells .
Jagged-1 (188-204) TFA is a fragment of the Jagged-1 (JAG-1) protein with Notch agonist activity. JAG-1 is a Notch ligand highly expressed in cultured and primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells. JAG-1 induces maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells .
Diflapolin is a highly active dual 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory efficacy and high target selectivity. Diflapolin inhibits 5-LOX product formation in intact humanmonocytes and neutrophils with IC50s?of? 30 and 170?nM, respectively, and suppressed the activity of isolated sEH (IC50=20?nM) .
TLR9-IN-1 is a potent and selective TLR9 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7 nM for human TLR9. TLR9-IN-1 can be used for researching diseases associated with undesirable immune response .
LR-90 is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor, inhibits inflammatory responses in humanmonocytes . LR-90 is also used in the research of diabetic animal model .
HLF1-11, a human lactoferrin-derived peptide, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. HLF1-11 inhibits humanMPO activity. HLF1-11 also directs GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation toward macrophages, and enhances immune responses .
SKF-86002 is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities. SKF-86002 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulate humanmonocyte IL-1 and TNF-α production (IC50 = 1 μM). SKF-86002 inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid .
PPACK is a potent, peptidic inhibitor targeting thrombin and granzyme GZMK. PPACK specifically blocks the activities of thrombin and GZMK, thereby inhibiting thrombin-mediated PAR-1 cleavage, as well as downstream inflammatory and procoagulant signaling pathways. Through stabilizing IκB proteins, blocking NF-κB activation and reducing systemic levels of proinflammatory/procoagulant biomarkers, PPACK exerts multiple effects including anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, barrier repair, and inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progression. PPACK binds to platelets without interference from kininogen, effectively limiting acute thrombus growth and reducing eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma models. PPACK is an important tool molecule for investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, asthma and related thromboinflammatory diseases .
Mitomycin A is an antitumor agent. Mitomycin A inhibits the spontaneous migration of mouse monocytes. Mitomycin A inhibits the production of MIF (Migration Inhibition Factor) by human lymphocytes. Mitomycin A can be used in the research of tumor diseases .
MMK1 is a potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1/FPR2) agonist with EC50s of <2 nM and >10000 nM for FPRL-1 and FPR1, respectively. MMK1 is a potent chemotactic and calcium-mobilizing agonist. MMK1 potently activates phagocytic leukocytes and enhances Pertussis Toxin-sensitive production by humanmonocytes of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. MMK1 exerts anxiolytic-like activity .
BI-113823 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 5.3 nM for human receptors and 13.3 nM for rat receptors. BI-113823 reduces inflammation-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, as well as the mechanical sensitivity of peripheral afferent nerves and spinal nociceptive-specific neurons. BI-113823 alleviates liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, and improves survival in chronic liver disease models. BI-113823 inhibits the activities of monocytes, neutrophils and hepatic stellate cells, as well as the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. BI-113823 can be used in research related to inflammatory pain, liver fibrosis and portal hypertension .
[Glu1]-Fibrinopeptide B is derived from fibrinopeptide B amino acid residues 1-14. Human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), a thrombin-derived proteolytic cleavage product of the fibrinogen B beta-chain, to stimulate neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and fibroblasts.
BAL-1516 is an orally active NLRP3 inhibitor with humanNLRP3Kd of 14.2 nM, mouse NLRP3Kd of 200 nM, and blood-brain barrier penetration.BAL-1516 binds to a surface groove of the NLRP3 nucleotide-binding domain, contacts FISNA and WHD subdomains, forms three hydrogen bonds to the peripheral β-strand of the triple-ATPase, and does not alter NLRP3 ATP-hydrolysis activity.BAL-1516 shows specificity for NLRP3 over other NOD-like receptors, directly binds mouse NLRP3, and inhibits inflammasome formation in monocytes and microglia .
Leramistat (HMC-C-01-A; MBS2320) is a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, involving in cell metabolism immune metabolism regulation. Leramistat also inhibits ATP production in Thp1 humanmonocytes (IC50: 0.63 μM). Leramistat inhibits atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer; and also inhibits osteoclast mediated disease .
Defensin HNP-3 human is an α-defensin stored in the azurophilic granules of human neutrophils. Defensin HNP-3 human exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal, antifungal and antiviral activities mainly by forming bacterial membrane pores, and acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells. Defensin HNP-3 human maintains epithelial integrity to support periodontal tissue homeostasis, and exerts concentration-dependent effects on epithelial cell proliferation, adhesion and bacterial adhesion. Defensin HNP-3 human targets solid tumors and leukemia by inducing single-strand DNA breaks and membrane permeabilization in tumor cells via electrostatic binding and pore formation. Defensin HNP-3 human is abundant in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma and neutrophils infiltrating oral squamous cell carcinoma. Defensin HNP-3 human can be applied to research related to periodontitis and human tongue squamous cell carcinoma .
IDR-1002 is an anti-infective peptide that enhances the ability of humanmonocytes to migrate toward chemokines on fibronectin. IDR-1002 also induces adhesion and activation of β1-integrin, a mechanism that promotes monocyte recruitment .
ITF 3756 is a selective, orally active HDAC6 inhibitor. ITF 3756 antagonizes TNF-α-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. ITF 3756 reduces PD-L1 expression on humanmonocytes and CD8 + T cells, and exhibits antitumor activity. ITF 3756 can be used in colon cancer-related research .
Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) is a kind of mouse IgG2a κ chimeric antibody inhibitor, targeting to humanMHC Class I. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, HLA-A, B, and C. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) increases adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) can be used for the research of immunology .
G3-YSD is a cGAS agonist. G3-YSD directly interacts with cGAS to enhance its enzymatic activity, promote the conversion of ATP and GTP into cGAMP, and trigger STING-dependent IFN-α/β secretion. G3-YSD acts as a viral mimic to replace actual viral DNA . G3-YSD is applicable to research related to long COVID and type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection .
NF546 (hydrate) is a selective non-nucleotide P2Y11 agonist with a pEC50 of 6.27. NF546 (hydrate) stimulates release of interleukin-8 from humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cells .
CB2R antagonist 3 is a selective antagonist of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R). CB2R antagonist 3 has high affinity for human CB2R and specific selectivity for CB1R. CB2R antagonist 3 can be combined with CB65 (HY-110047), the activator of CB2R. CB2R antagonist 3 effectively up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines .
INCB 3284 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable humanCCR2 antagonist, inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 binding to hCCR2, with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. INCB 3284 can be used in the research of acute liver failure.
Substance P (3-11) acetate is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide that can cross the BBB. Substance P (3-11) acetate has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (3-11) acetate also promotes humanmonocyte chemotaxis .
Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
JGB-1-155 is a positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs), which enhances the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase NAMPT with EC50 of 3.29 μM. JGB-1-155 counteracts the oxidative stress, through upregulating the NAD + in THP-1 humanmonocytes. JGB-1-155 attenuates TNFα-induced ROS in HT-22 cells .
MIDD0301 (GL-II-93) is an orally available, active γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) inhibitor and anti-asthmatic agent. MIDD0301 exhibits biological and immunotoxicological safety in mice and does not affect the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. MIDD0301 has no significant adverse immune response at repeated doses, which is better than Prednisone (HY-B0214). MIDD0301 relaxes histamine-contracted guinea pig and human airway smooth muscle and is used in the study of bronchoconstrictive diseases .
cAIMP (Cyclic Adenosine-Inosine Monophosphate) is an effective synthetic cyclic dinucleotide. cAIMP activates IRF and NF-κB in the THP1 humanmonocyte reporter cell line (THP1-Dual). cAIMP induces the secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro in human blood, with an EC50 of 6.4 μmol/L .
Tefinostat (CHR-2845) is a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Tefinostat can be cleaved into active acid CHR-2847 by the intracellular esterase human carboxylesterase-1 (hCE-1). Tefinostat can be used for the research of leukaemias .
Substance P (3-11) is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide that can cross the BBB. Substance P (3-11) has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (3-11) also promotes humanmonocyte chemotaxis .
Piroxicam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Piroxicam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (LTL) (Biotinylated) is a biotinylated derivative of Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (HY-NP070), with both sugar-binding specificity and biotin labeling. Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (Biotinylated) is used to detect proteins, glycoproteins and lectins on nitrocellulose membranes .
AGU661 is a Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.22 nM. AGU661 lowers PGE2 formation in human pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and activated monocytes without affecting other lipid mediator pathways. AGU661 has unfavorable physicochemical properties with poor metabolic stability and strong plasma protein binding tendencies. AGU661 into PLGA-based NPs significantly enhances its bioactivity. AGU661 can be used for inflammatory disorders research .
NF546 is a selective non-nucleotide P2Y11 agonist with a pEC50 of 6.27. NF546 stimulates release of interleukin-8 from humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cells .
INCB 3284 dimesylate is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable humanCCR2 antagonist, inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 binding to hCCR2, with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. INCB 3284 dimesylate can be used in the research of acute liver failure.
Piroxicam-d3 (CP-16171-d3) is deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively .
MRS4719 is a potent P2X4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.503 μM for human P2X4 receptor. MRS4719 can reduce infarct volume and reduce brain atrophy, showing neuroprotective and neuro-rehabilitative activities in ischemic stroke model. MRS4719 also reduces ATP-induced [Ca 2+]i influx in primary humanmonocyte-derived macrophages. MRS4719 can be used to research ischemic stroke .
Selnoflast potassium (RO7486967 potassium), formerly somalix/RG6418/IZD334, is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Selnoflast potassium is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β release stimulated by NLRP3 activation in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) monocyte-derived macrophages. Selnoflast potassium is promising for research of AD and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
MMK1 TFA is a potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1/FPR2) agonist with EC50s of <2 nM and >10000 nM for FPRL-1 and FPR1, respectively. MMK1 TFA is a potent chemotactic and calcium-mobilizing agonist. MMK1 TFA potently activates phagocytic leukocytes and enhances Pertussis Toxin-sensitive production by humanmonocytes of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. MMK1 TFA exerts anxiolytic-like activity .
Human CCL13 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CCL13) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. CCL13 also plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation and may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis.
Human CCL14 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) protein, a cytokine that induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes.
Human IL34 mRNA encodes the human interleukin 34 (IL34) protein, a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R).
Human CCL15 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 (CCL15) protein, a chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1).
Human CCL1 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL1 is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils.
Human CCR2 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) protein, a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. CCR2 can mediate agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
AO-1535 is a semisynthetic monoglycosylceramide that inhibits the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in humanmonocytes and macrophages stimulated by phorbol ester and chemotactic tetrapeptide. AO-1535 can be used for the research of inflammatory dermatoses .
Diayangambin (Syringaresinol dimethyl ether; Lirioresinol C dimethyl ether) is a cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM against humanmonocytes. Diayangambin also has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects .
Human CCL16 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. CCL16 also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells.
Piroxicam olamine (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively .
Human CCL2 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) protein. CCL2 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.
Human CCL17 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. CCL17 plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells.
Glycozolidal (compound 12) is a carbazole alkaloid with antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Glycozolidal is cytotoxic against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and monocytes (U937) in vitro with IC50 values of 120.86 µg/mL and 97.74 µg/mL, respectively .
Human CCL23 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. CCL23 is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line.
Human CCL18 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. CCL18 may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses.
Piroxicam-d4 is the deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
Butenoyl-PAF is a phospholipid analog of platelet activating factor (PAF-like) that is generated in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (DLDR). Butenoyl-PAF can activate cells that express human PAF receptors, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets, and it stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration .
Ketoprofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
DA-E 5090 is an orally effective inhibitor of IL-1 production that can be converted into a pharmacologically active deacetylated form (DA-E5090) in vivo. In this study, the effects of DA-E5090 on IL-1 production in vitro were examined by LPS-stimulated humanmonocytes. The results showed that DA-E5090 could dose-dependently inhibit the production of IL-1α and IL-1β (1-10 μM) by LPS-stimulated humanmonocytes, as determined by LAF assay and ELISA. Northern blotting analysis showed that DA-E5090 inhibited the transcription of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA.
NLRP3 agonist 3 (Compound Payload 5) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). NLRP3 agonist 3 is a NLRP3 agonist that induces IL-1β secretion in primary humanmonocytes. NLRP3 agonist 3 can be used in cancer research .
Human CCL22 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. CCL22 also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes.
Human CCR8 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) protein, a member of the beta chemokine receptor family. CCR8 plays a role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues.
Human CCL24 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa.
BODIPY 480/508-cholesteryl linoleate is a cell-permeable and fluorescently tagged derivative of Cholesteryl Linoleate (HY-W010697). BODIPY 480/508-cholesteryl linoleate has been used to monitor cholesterol trafficking in isolated humanmonocyte-derived macrophages (Ex/Em=480/508 nm).
Ketoprofen- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
(±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester is originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions1 and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. Later studies determined that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and humanmonocytes were able to metabolize cholesteryl linoleate, a major component of LDL, to 13-HODE cholesteryl ester.
IBI-397 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting SIRPα/CD172a . IBI-397 promotes humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation and increases the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. IBI-397 has antitumor activity in the mouse MDA-MB-231 tumor model. IBI-397 can be used in Myeloma research .
SKF-86002 dihydrochloride is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities. SKF-86002 dihydrochloride inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulate humanmonocyte IL-1 and TNF-α production (IC50 = 1 μM). SKF-86002 dihydrochloride inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid .
(±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester is originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions1 and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL.2 Later studies determined that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and humanmonocytes were able to metabolize cholesteryl linoleate, a major component of LDL, to 9-HODE cholesteryl ester.
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0-d5 (19:0 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-d5) is the deuterated form of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 (HY-154830). Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 is a lysophosphatidylcholine with a fully saturated C19 acyl chain. When lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 is combined with LPS (HY-D1056), it can induce the secretion of IL-1β by humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cells. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 can reduce the survival rate of dendritic cells derived from monocytes.
Emestrin is a mycotoxin originally isolated from E. striata that has antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities. It is active against the fungi C. albicans and C. neoformans, as well as the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; IC50s=3.94, 0.6, 2.21, 4.55, and 2.21 μg/mL, respectively).2 Emestrin is a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist (IC50=5.4 μM in a radioligand binding assay using isolated humanmonocytes).3 Emestrin (0.1 μg/mL) induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. It induces heart, thymus, and liver tissue necrosis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 18 to 30 mg/kg.
Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in humanmonocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .
9(R)-HODE is a monohydroxy fatty acid and metabolite of linoleic acid. It is formed from linoleic acid by COX and lipoxygenase (LO).9(R)-HODE induces chemotaxis, increases the levels of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), and inhibits IL-6 release in primary humanmonocytes. It inhibits CD3α- and CD28-induced proliferation of isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL.
SKF-86002 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SKF-86002. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SKF-86002 is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities. SKF-86002 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulate humanmonocyte IL-1 and TNF-α production (IC50 = 1 μM). SKF-86002 inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid .
MRS4719-d3 is the deuterium labeled MRS4719 (HY-151547). MRS4719 is a potent P2X4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.503 μM for human P2X4 receptor. MRS4719 can reduce infarct volume and reduce brain atrophy, showing neuroprotective and neuro-rehabilitative activities in ischemic stroke model. MRS4719 also reduces ATP-induced [Ca 2+]i influx in primary humanmonocyte-derived macrophages. MRS4719 can be used to research ischemic stroke .
Selnoflast calcium (RO7486967 calcium), formerly somalix/RG6418/IZD334, is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Selnoflast calcium is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β release stimulated by NLRP3 activation in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) monocyte-derived macrophages. Selnoflast calcium is promising for research of AD and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
Reproterol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reproterol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in humanmonocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .
Reproterol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reproterol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in humanmonocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .
MIDD0301 (GL-II-93) is an orally available, active γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) inhibitor and anti-asthmatic agent. MIDD0301 exhibits biological and immunotoxicological safety in mice and does not affect the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. MIDD0301 has no significant adverse immune response at repeated doses, which is better than Prednisone (HY-B0214). MIDD0301 relaxes histamine-contracted guinea pig and human airway smooth muscle and is used in the study of bronchoconstrictive diseases .
UM-259 hydrochloride is a STING inhibitor with activity against both murine and humanSTING (including the STINGR232 mutant). UM-259 hydrochloride inhibits STING-dependent signaling pathways, blocks STING oligomerization, and acts on human primary CD14 + monocytes. UM-259 hydrochloride can be used for research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, and infant-onset STING-associated vasculopathy .
IB001 is a humanized anti-BAG3 antibody that inhibits BAG3, with a KD value of 14.4 nM for human BAG3. IB001 blocks BAG3-dependent monocyte/macrophage activation, interferes with the interaction between BAG3 and IFITM-2, and disrupts tumor microenvironment signaling pathways. IB001 inhibits tumor growth, reduces α-SMA-positive fibroblasts, and blocks BAG3-dependent IL-6 release. IB001 accumulates in a time-dependent manner in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. IB001 can be used for research related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma .
Human CCL8 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL8 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils.
LR-90 (Standard) is the analytical standard of LR-90. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. LR-90 is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor, inhibits inflammatory responses in humanmonocytes . LR-90 is also used in the research of diabetic animal model .
CBT004 (KB312) is a human IgG1κ type monoclonal antibody against CD83. CD83 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a highly expressed marker on the surface of mature DCs. It can also be induced to be expressed on activated B cells, some activated T cells, and activated monocytes.
Anti-CD14 Antibody (UCHM-1) reacts with the human CD14. Anti-CD14 Antibody (UCHM-1) recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on most peripheral blood monocytes. Recommend Isotype Controls: Mouse IgG2a kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99978) .
Tefinostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tefinostat (HY-106409). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tefinostat (CHR-2845) is a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Tefinostat can be cleaved into active acid CHR-2847 by the intracellular esterase human carboxylesterase-1 (hCE-1). Tefinostat can be used for the research of leukaemias .
DB1055 is a HOXA9 inhibitor that competes with HOXA9 binding to DNA (blocking its DNA interaction activity). DB1055 induces in vitro cell growth reduction, cell apoptosis, and differentiation in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. DB1055 leads to monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and exhibits antileukemic activities in a human THP-1 AML in vivo model. DB1055 does not impact human CD34+ bone marrow cells. DB1055 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia[1].
Human CCL5 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) protein, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. CCL5 is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor.
OX118 is a fully human, ADCC-enhanced monoclonal antibody targeting OX40L, the recommended isotype control is HY-P99001. OX118 blocks OX40L, suppresses effector T-cell proliferation, expands regulatory T-cell populations, and reduces bystander activation across natural killer cells, B cells, and CD14+ monocytes. OX118 can be used for the research of graft-versus-host disease .
AMY109 is an anti-human interleukin-8 (IL-8) monoclonal antibody, with IC50 values of 0.14 μg/mL and 0.37 μg/mL against human IL-8, a Ka of 36.8 pM for human IL-8, and a Ka of 380 pM for cynomolgus monkey IL-8.\nAMY109 binds to human and cynomolgus monkey IL-8 in a pH-dependent manner, inhibits IL-8-mediated activation of CXCR1 and CXCR2, and blocks the downstream biological activities of IL-8. AMY109 inhibits neutrophil recruitment to endometriotic lesions and suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by neutrophils. AMY109 is applicable to research related to endometriosis .
Selnoflast (RO7486967) monopotassium, formerly somalix/RG6418/IZD334 monopotassium, is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Selnoflast monopotassium is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β release stimulated by NLRP3 activation in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) monocyte-derived macrophages. Selnoflast monopotassium is promising for research of AD and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
iNOs-IN-9 (Compound 10) is a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 82 nM against hiNOS. iNOs-IN-9 reduces cytokine-induced inflammatory responses and cell necrosis in inflammatory cell models. iNOs-IN-9 can be used for research related to psoriasis .
PNU-142586 sodiu) is the major metabolite of Linezolid (HY-10394). PNU-142586 can inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerase 2-α (TOP2A) and DNA topoisomerase 2-β (TOP2B). PNU-142586 interferes with DNA replication and transcription by blocking the binding of DNA to TOP2 and inhibiting ATP hydrolysis, ultimately leading to antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, including mitochondrial dysfunction. PNU-142586 can be used to study Linezolid-induced hematotoxicity and its molecular mechanism .
Fibrin is an insoluble protein found in blood that is produced in response to bleeding. As the main component of blood clots, fibrin functions in blood coagulation. Fibrin binds to the integrins ICAM-1, VE-cadherin, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, αvβ3 and α5β1. Fibrin is used in research related to chronic wounds .
3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a quinic acid-based phenolic compound that can be isolated from Eryngium bourgatii. 3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid regulates free radical scavenging and inflammatory pathways, exerting antioxidant activity through electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms. It also inhibits TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Beauvericin- 13C45 is 13C labeled Beauvericin (HY-N6739). Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of humanmonocytes into macrophages .
FAZ-053 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274. FAZ-053 inhibits the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and B7-1 on monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells. FAZ-053 enhances interleukin 2 production. FAZ-053 can be used in advanced alveolar soft tissue sarcoma (ASPS), chordoma, and triple-negative breast cancer research .
AZ876 is a selective, orally active agonist of liver X receptor (LXRα/β) (Ki=0.007 μM [LXRα, human], 0.011 μM [LXRβ, human]. AZ876 induces the expression of target genes such as ABCA1 and ABCG1, promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and regulates lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects. AZ876 increases cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, reduces myocardial fibrosis, and reduces lesion area and monocyte adhesion in atherosclerosis models. AZ876 can be used in cardiovascular disease research, such as preventing and treating β-adrenergic-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction and inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis .
p38 MAPK-IN-11 is a CSBP (p38 MAPK) kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.15 μM (binding activity) and 0.21 μM (inhibitory activity). p38 MAPK-IN-11 shows weak inhibitory activity against PKCα kinase, with an IC50 of 7.6 μM. p38 MAPK-IN-11 inhibits the production of IL-1. p38 MAPK-IN-11 also acts as a β-lactam antibiotic potentiator, but has no antibacterial activity itself .
Tropisetron is an orally active 5-HT3R antagonist (Ki = 5.3 nM) as well as being a potent and selective α7 nicotinic partial agonist (EC50 = 1.3 μM). Tropisetron prevents phosphorylation and activation of the p38 MAPK. Tropisetron inhibits both IL-2 gene transcription and IL-2 synthesis in stimulated T cells. Tropisetron inhibits the binding to DNA and the transcriptional activity of NFAT and AP-1. Tropisetron is anti-inflammatory and antiemetic. Tropisetron has antitumor and neuroprotective effects. Tropisetron can be studied in research for diseases including hemorrhagic cystitis, chronic joint inflammation, lung cancer and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion .
Nampt activator-4 is an orally active NAMPT activator, with an EC50 of 58 nM and a Ka of 85.38 nM against human NAMPT. Nampt activator-4 effectively relieves the feedback inhibition of nicotinamide and NAD +, thereby enhancing enzymatic activity and significantly increasing intracellular NAD + levels. Nampt activator-4 exhibits moderate stability in human and mouse liver microsomes. Nampt activator-4 shows low to moderate inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 (especially CYP3A4). Nampt activator-4 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders .
AGU654 (Compound 44) is a selective mPGES-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 nM against mPGES-1. AGU654 inhibits mPGES-1 to block the pathway converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by COX-1/2, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses, pain, and fever. In activated humanmonocyte-derived macrophages and human whole blood models, AGU654 selectively suppresses bacterial exotoxin-induced PGE2 production while preserving the production of other prostaglandins. In guinea pig models, AGU654 significantly alleviates fever, inflammation, and inflammatory pain, exhibiting excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. AGU654 holds promise as a strategy for studying inflammatory diseases and pain .
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection .
diABZI-4 is a STING activator and broad-spectrum antiviral agent with immunostimulatory activity. diABZI-4 triggers the TBK1-IRF3 and NF-κB signaling cascades by inducing STING oligomerization, thereby promoting the production of type I/III interferons and various proinflammatory cytokines. diABZI-4 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity and effectively inhibits the replication of influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, herpes simplex virus, and other viruses. diABZI-4 also activates lymphocytes and macrophages to provide significant pre- and post-exposure protection in viral disease models. diABZI-4 can be used to study COVID-19, respiratory viral infections, and related immunopathological mechanisms .
SMU-14a is a selective Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) inhibitor wirh an IC50 of 0.18 μM. SMU-14a reduces phosphorylation of p65, ERK, and TBK1 via NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3 signaling pathways. SMU-14a inhibits IL-6 secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages, downregulates TNF-α in human peripheral blood monocytes and decreases serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. SMU-14a can be used for the research of acute hepatitis .
1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE-d11 (15(S)-HETE-SAPE-d11) is deuterium labeled 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE. 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid (HY-B2219) at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. It is formed in human peripheral monocytes activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (HY-N6687) by direct oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (SAPE) by 15-LO. Phosphoethanolamine (PE) HETEs (PE-HETEs), including 1-stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE, are the main source of esterified HETE in ionophore-activated monocytes .
IRF5-CPP5 is a cytosolic peptide that selectively targeting human IRF5 wirh a Kd of 0.53 μM.IRF5-CPP5 disrupts IRF5 homodimerization and inhibits its nuclear translocation without altering IRF5 phosphorylation levels. IRF5-CPP5 inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) production. IRF5-CPP5 can be used for the research of systemic lupus erythematosus .
APC-Cy7 is an APC-tandem fluorochrome (allophycocyanin-cyanine 7) and degradable fluorochrome, with maximum absorption at ~650 nm, peak emission at 767 nm when excited by a 633 nm red laser, and cell-dependent degradation. APC-Cy7 undergoes time-dependent degradation (decoupling) when bound to peripheral blood leukocytes, leading to nonspecific APC channel signal, with degradation cell type-dependent. APC-Cy7 shows reduced degradation when immunolabeled cells have inhibited metabolic activity or are incubated with vitamin C. APC-Cy7 serves as a tandem fluorochrome in multiparametric flow cytometry for detection of leukocyte surface proteins when conjugated to specific antibodies (Ex/Em = 650 nm/778 nm) .
GSTO1-IN-6 is an allosteric and covalent GSTO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 457 nM. GSTO1-IN-6 markedly reduces Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced IL-1β (IC50 of 1.9 μM) and IL-18 (IC50 of 10. μM) secretion in humanmonocyte-derived macrophages. GSTO1-IN-6 covalently modifies GSTO1-Cys32, inducing conformational changes and protein destabilization. GSTO1-IN-6 can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases .
AZ876 (Standard) is the analytical standard of AZ876. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AZ876 is a selective, orally active agonist of liver X receptor (LXRα/β) (Ki=0.007 μM [LXRα, human], 0.011 μM [LXRβ, human]. AZ876 induces the expression of target genes such as ABCA1 and ABCG1, promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and regulates lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects. AZ876 increases cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, reduces myocardial fibrosis, and reduces lesion area and monocyte adhesion in atherosclerosis models. AZ876 can be used in cardiovascular disease research, such as preventing and treating β-adrenergic-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction and inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis .
Trichodimerol (BMS-182123) is a TNF-α promoter inhibitor that inhibits the activity of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion. Trichodimerol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α promoter activity, reduces steady-state TNF-α mRNA expression, and does not alter the stability of TNF-α mRNA. Trichodimerol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α secretion in murine and human immune cells. Trichodimerol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β secretion by 25%-50% in vitro. Trichodimerol does not alter total protein synthesis or constitutive lysozyme secretion at effective concentrations. Trichodimerol can be used for the research of septic shock .
UM-200 is a covalent STING inhibitor with an EC50 of 1.10 μM. UM-200 covalently modifies the cysteine residues C292 or C309 of STING, thereby blocking its oligomerization and downstream signal transduction. UM-200 inhibits STING-dependent phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. UM-200 inhibits the STING signaling pathway in mouse models. UM-200 can be used for research on STING-driven inflammatory and autoimmune diseases .
Tenofovir exalidex (CMX157) is a lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide analog Tenofovir with activity against both wild-type and antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV strains, including multidrug nucleoside/nucleotide analog-resistant viruses. Tenofovir exalidex is active against all major subtypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in fresh human PBMCs and against all HIV-1 strains evaluated in monocyte-derived macrophages, with EC50s ranging between 0.2 and 7.2 nM. CMX157 is orally available and has no apparent toxicity. Tenofovir exalidex also shows antiviral activity against HBV .
AVP-13358 is an orally active IgE inhibitor that effectively suppresses immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune responses, with IC50 values of 8 and 3 nM for IgE inhibition in vivo and in vitro in BALB/c mice, respectively. AVP-13358 acts directly on T cells, inhibiting the production and release of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. It also targets other markers critical for the development of allergic responses, including the B cell IgE receptor (CD23) in humanmonocytes and the CD23 and IL-4 receptors in mouse B cells. AVP-13358 can be used in research related to anti-allergic responses .
Lb54 is a caspase-3 and caspase-7 activator with an EC50 of 660.9 nM for humanprocaspase-3. Lb54 activates caspase-3/7, which cleaves Gasdermin D (GSDMD) at aspartic acid residue 87 to generate a p10 fragment, preventing formation of the pore-forming p30 fragment of GSDMD. Lb54 suppresses GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through caspase-3/7 activation, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses and conferring protection against sepsis. Lb54 alleviates acute lung injury, and inhibited systemic inflammation by restraining the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Lb54 can be used for the research of sepsis .
PE-Cy5 is a tandem fluorescent dye commonly used in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and cell biology research. It is formed by the covalent linkage of two fluorescent molecules, namely phycoerythrin and CY5. PE-Cy5 binds to human FcγRI (CD64), and this binding can be blocked by human pooled serum, anti-CD64 monoclonal antibodies targeting the ligand-binding region, or aggregated IgG. PE-Cy5 supports three-color flow cytometry analysis, and whole blood staining can partially reduce its non-specific binding (Ex/Em = 450-500 nm/665 nm) .
NK7-902 diTFA is a selective and orally active CRBN-dependent NEK7 molecular glue degrader with Kd values of 1.5 and 2.6 μM for hNEK7 and mNEK7. NK7-902 diTFA fully degrades NEK7 in human primary monocytes and whole blood but only partially inhibits NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production. NK7-902 diTFA shows activity in murine systems and induces a profound and long-lasting NEK7 degradation but only transiently blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NK7-902 diTFA can be used for the research of inflammation, such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes .
Tenofovir exalidex (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenofovir exalidex. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenofovir exalidex (CMX157) is a lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide analog Tenofovir with activity against both wild-type and antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV strains, including multidrug nucleoside/nucleotide analog-resistant viruses. Tenofovir exalidex is active against all major subtypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in fresh human PBMCs and against all HIV-1 strains evaluated in monocyte-derived macrophages, with EC50s ranging between 0.2 and 7.2 nM. CMX157 is orally available and has no apparent toxicity. Tenofovir exalidex also shows antiviral activity against HBV .
BODIPY-DOX is a conjugate composed of BODIPY and Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), as well as a pH-activated fluorescent probe for M1 macrophages and an apoptosis inducer. BODIPY-DOX undergoes pH-induced hydrazone bond cleavage in acidic M1 macrophage phagosomes, thereby releasing cytotoxic Doxorubicin (Dox) and inhibiting the function of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. BODIPY-DOX highly selectively inhibits the production of relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines by mouse and humanmonocyte-derived M1 macrophages, while exerting minimal effects on M2 or unactivated macrophages. Therefore, BODIPY-DOX enables simultaneous fluorescent tracing, differentiation and elimination of specific macrophage subsets, and exhibits the potential to regulate tissue regeneration in zebrafish models .
SNX-7081 is an Hsp90 inhibitor with Ki and IC50 values of 26 nM and 44 nM, respectively. SNX-7081 blocks the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates the ERK/JNK and PDGF signaling pathways, and suppresses LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nitric oxide production. SNX-7081 inhibits DNA repair, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis via downregulation of MYC/nucleolin and activation of Fas. SNX-7081 can be used in research related to rheumatoid arthritis and cancer .
Imidapril hydrochloride (TA-6366) is an orally active dual inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and MMP-9. Imidapril hydrochloride inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun, MKK4 and JNK in monocytes, and downregulates the production of specific inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IP-10, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Imidapril hydrochloride also effectively ameliorates mesangial expansion and reduces urinary albumin excretion by inhibiting angiotensin AngII production, lowering glomerular pressure and oxidative stress, thus delaying disease progression. Imidapril hydrochloride can also directly bind to the active site of MMP-9 to inhibit gelatinase activity, and suppress the enlargement of cerebral aneurysms without altering systemic blood pressure. Imidapril hydrochloride is widely applicable to related studies on autoimmune glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, cerebral aneurysms and other conditions .
LCC-12 (formate) is a copper (II) chelator and a derivative of the biguanide metformin (HY-B0627). LCC-12 (formate) reduces its hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of NADH to NAD+. LCC-12 (formate) reduces IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels, as well as JAK2, STAT2, and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) levels in primary human cytokine-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). LCC-12 (formate) reduces the number of CD80+ and CD86+ cytokine-activated MDMs. LCC-12 LCC-12 (formate) improves survival in a mouse model of sepsis induced by LPS or cecal ligation and puncture .
cLABL is a cyclic peptide that specifically binds to ICAM‑1. cLABL mediates targeted enrichment and rapid endocytosis of nanoparticles. cLABL is applicable to researches such as precise drug delivery at inflammatory sites .
Atizoram (CP-80,633) is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Atizoram blocks cAMP degradation, thereby increasing intracellular and plasma cAMP levels. Atizoram inhibits TNFα release. Atizoram can be used in research related to acute respiratory distress syndrome .
Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a virus-like particle containing a TLR9 activator . Vidutolimod induces human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete IFNα, and upregulates the gene expression of CXCL10, PDL1, IDO and CD80. Vidutolimod activates TLR9, which in turn triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, production of IFNγ and TNFα, induction of CXCL10, and recruitment of antitumor T cells. Vidutolimod causes influenza-like symptoms, hypotension and tumor regression, and its activity depends on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod modulates monocyte function, promotes CD4 T cell proliferation, and activates multiple immune cell types in an environment with anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Vidutolimod is used in research related to advanced melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and advanced non-small cell lung cancer .
ISIS 104838 is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting TNF-α. ISIS 104838 specifically binds to human TNF-α mRNA via Watson-Crick base pairing to form a DNA:RNA hybrid duplex, thereby recruiting the ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme RNase H to degrade the target mRNA and inhibit TNF-α protein synthesis at the transcriptional level. ISIS 104838 induces moderate, self-limiting thrombocytopenia in cynomolgus monkeys. ISIS 104838 can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases .
Trapidil (AR-12008) is an orally active vasodilator and antiplatelet agent. Trapidil antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), inhibits phosphodiesterase, thromboxane A2 synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Trapidil promotes prostacyclin biosynthesis, reduces lipid peroxidation, regulates nitric oxide metabolism, and inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Trapidil exerts tissue-protective effects, regulates bone turnover, and inhibits pyroptosis via the GPX3/Nrf2 pathway. Trapidil is applicable to research related to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic stable angina, restenosis, meningioma, diabetic cardiomyopathy and peripheral nerve crush injury .
Resolvin D5 is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent produced in M2 macrophages. Resolvin D5 alleviates Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced mechanical allodynia and inflammatory pain by activating the GPR32 receptor, with gender specificity (effective only in male mice) and independence from TRPV1 or TRPA1 channels. Resolvin D5 attenuates LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, downregulates proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CCL5, inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and shows no cytotoxicity to humanmonocytes. The level of Resolvin D5 is elevated in arthritic SKG mice, but Resolvin D5 has no effect on dendritic cell differentiation or M1 macrophage polarization, nor does it prevent ZyA-induced arthritis progression. Resolvin D5 is suitable for research related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory pain and rheumatoid arthritis .
DT-5461 is an IL-1 and TNF-α antagonist. DT-5461 competitively binds lipid A-binding sites on macrophage receptors, blocks LPS (HY-D1056)-initiated signaling, inhibits LPS-induced cytokine release, prevents LPS-induced serum cytokine production in mice, and protects against LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. DT-5461 can be used for the research of lethal endotoxemia, medullary tubular mammary carcinoma, poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma, and gelatinous gastric adenocarcinoma .
TLR7/8 agonist 13 is an orally active dual agonist of TLR7 (lowest effective concentrations (LEC) [hTLR7] = 1.6 μM) and TLR8 (LEC [hTLR8] = 1.6 μM). TLR7/8 agonist 13 exhibits agonistic activity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) (LEC [hPBMC] = 0.5 μM). TLR7/8 agonist 13 induces endogenous IFNα, activating myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes toward a TH1 phenotype in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. TLR7/8 agonist 13 reduces viral load and HBV surface antigen expression in a mouse model of chronic AAV-HBV infection. TLR7/8 agonist 13 has the potential to indirectly induce IFNγ, which may promote HBV antigen-specific CD8 T cell-mediated responses. TLR7/8 agonist 13 can be used to study hepatitis B virus .
Catestatin sCst is a negative control peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence. Catestatin sCst fails to activate human mast cells and is used to verify the specificity of Catestatin action .
Fulvic Acid is a natural product, which comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Fulvic Acid can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function. Fulvic Acid has the potential for researching chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes .
BODIPY 480/508-cholesteryl linoleate is a cell-permeable and fluorescently tagged derivative of Cholesteryl Linoleate (HY-W010697). BODIPY 480/508-cholesteryl linoleate has been used to monitor cholesterol trafficking in isolated humanmonocyte-derived macrophages (Ex/Em=480/508 nm).
APC-Cy7 is an APC-tandem fluorochrome (allophycocyanin-cyanine 7) and degradable fluorochrome, with maximum absorption at ~650 nm, peak emission at 767 nm when excited by a 633 nm red laser, and cell-dependent degradation. APC-Cy7 undergoes time-dependent degradation (decoupling) when bound to peripheral blood leukocytes, leading to nonspecific APC channel signal, with degradation cell type-dependent. APC-Cy7 shows reduced degradation when immunolabeled cells have inhibited metabolic activity or are incubated with vitamin C. APC-Cy7 serves as a tandem fluorochrome in multiparametric flow cytometry for detection of leukocyte surface proteins when conjugated to specific antibodies (Ex/Em = 650 nm/778 nm) .
PE-Cy5 is a tandem fluorescent dye commonly used in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and cell biology research. It is formed by the covalent linkage of two fluorescent molecules, namely phycoerythrin and CY5. PE-Cy5 binds to human FcγRI (CD64), and this binding can be blocked by human pooled serum, anti-CD64 monoclonal antibodies targeting the ligand-binding region, or aggregated IgG. PE-Cy5 supports three-color flow cytometry analysis, and whole blood staining can partially reduce its non-specific binding (Ex/Em = 450-500 nm/665 nm) .
BODIPY-DOX is a conjugate composed of BODIPY and Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), as well as a pH-activated fluorescent probe for M1 macrophages and an apoptosis inducer. BODIPY-DOX undergoes pH-induced hydrazone bond cleavage in acidic M1 macrophage phagosomes, thereby releasing cytotoxic Doxorubicin (Dox) and inhibiting the function of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. BODIPY-DOX highly selectively inhibits the production of relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines by mouse and humanmonocyte-derived M1 macrophages, while exerting minimal effects on M2 or unactivated macrophages. Therefore, BODIPY-DOX enables simultaneous fluorescent tracing, differentiation and elimination of specific macrophage subsets, and exhibits the potential to regulate tissue regeneration in zebrafish models .
Lysophosphatidylcholines is an orally active lysolipid and a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lysophosphatidylcholines induces cell injury, the production of IL-1β and apoptosis. Lysophosphatidylcholines has a proactive effect on sepsis .
Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (LTL) (Biotinylated) is a biotinylated derivative of Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (HY-NP070), with both sugar-binding specificity and biotin labeling. Lotus Tetragonolobus Lectin (Biotinylated) is used to detect proteins, glycoproteins and lectins on nitrocellulose membranes .
Jagged-1 (188-204) is a fragment of the Jagged-1 (JAG-1) protein with Notch agonist activity. JAG-1 is a Notch ligand highly expressed in cultured and primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells. JAG-1 induces maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells .
Jagged-1 (188-204) TFA is a fragment of the Jagged-1 (JAG-1) protein with Notch agonist activity. JAG-1 is a Notch ligand highly expressed in cultured and primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells. JAG-1 induces maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells .
IRF5-CPP5 is a cytosolic peptide that selectively targeting human IRF5 wirh a Kd of 0.53 μM.IRF5-CPP5 disrupts IRF5 homodimerization and inhibits its nuclear translocation without altering IRF5 phosphorylation levels. IRF5-CPP5 inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) production. IRF5-CPP5 can be used for the research of systemic lupus erythematosus .
HLF1-11, a human lactoferrin-derived peptide, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. HLF1-11 inhibits humanMPO activity. HLF1-11 also directs GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation toward macrophages, and enhances immune responses .
PPACK is a potent, peptidic inhibitor targeting thrombin and granzyme GZMK. PPACK specifically blocks the activities of thrombin and GZMK, thereby inhibiting thrombin-mediated PAR-1 cleavage, as well as downstream inflammatory and procoagulant signaling pathways. Through stabilizing IκB proteins, blocking NF-κB activation and reducing systemic levels of proinflammatory/procoagulant biomarkers, PPACK exerts multiple effects including anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, barrier repair, and inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progression. PPACK binds to platelets without interference from kininogen, effectively limiting acute thrombus growth and reducing eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma models. PPACK is an important tool molecule for investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, asthma and related thromboinflammatory diseases .
MMK1 is a potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1/FPR2) agonist with EC50s of <2 nM and >10000 nM for FPRL-1 and FPR1, respectively. MMK1 is a potent chemotactic and calcium-mobilizing agonist. MMK1 potently activates phagocytic leukocytes and enhances Pertussis Toxin-sensitive production by humanmonocytes of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. MMK1 exerts anxiolytic-like activity .
[Glu1]-Fibrinopeptide B is derived from fibrinopeptide B amino acid residues 1-14. Human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), a thrombin-derived proteolytic cleavage product of the fibrinogen B beta-chain, to stimulate neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and fibroblasts.
Defensin HNP-3 human is an α-defensin stored in the azurophilic granules of human neutrophils. Defensin HNP-3 human exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal, antifungal and antiviral activities mainly by forming bacterial membrane pores, and acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells. Defensin HNP-3 human maintains epithelial integrity to support periodontal tissue homeostasis, and exerts concentration-dependent effects on epithelial cell proliferation, adhesion and bacterial adhesion. Defensin HNP-3 human targets solid tumors and leukemia by inducing single-strand DNA breaks and membrane permeabilization in tumor cells via electrostatic binding and pore formation. Defensin HNP-3 human is abundant in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma and neutrophils infiltrating oral squamous cell carcinoma. Defensin HNP-3 human can be applied to research related to periodontitis and human tongue squamous cell carcinoma .
IDR-1002 is an anti-infective peptide that enhances the ability of humanmonocytes to migrate toward chemokines on fibronectin. IDR-1002 also induces adhesion and activation of β1-integrin, a mechanism that promotes monocyte recruitment .
Substance P (3-11) acetate is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide that can cross the BBB. Substance P (3-11) acetate has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (3-11) acetate also promotes humanmonocyte chemotaxis .
IT9302 is a synthetic IL-10 agonist with the activity of inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells. IT9302 is able to mimic multiple effects of IL-10, including downregulating the antigen presentation machinery and increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to natural killer cell-mediated lysis. IT9302 can also hinder the response of humanmonocytes to differentiation factors and reduce the antigen presentation and co-stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells treated with IT9302 showed a weakened ability to stimulate T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production. IT9302 exerts its effects through mechanisms that are partially different from IL-10, involving STAT3 inactivation and regulation of the NF-κB intracellular pathway. IT9302-treated dendritic cells showed enhanced expression of membrane-bound TGF-β, associated with the effective induction of foxp3+ regulatory T cells .
Substance P (3-11) is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide that can cross the BBB. Substance P (3-11) has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (3-11) also promotes humanmonocyte chemotaxis .
MMK1 TFA is a potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1/FPR2) agonist with EC50s of <2 nM and >10000 nM for FPRL-1 and FPR1, respectively. MMK1 TFA is a potent chemotactic and calcium-mobilizing agonist. MMK1 TFA potently activates phagocytic leukocytes and enhances Pertussis Toxin-sensitive production by humanmonocytes of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. MMK1 TFA exerts anxiolytic-like activity .
cLABL is a cyclic peptide that specifically binds to ICAM‑1. cLABL mediates targeted enrichment and rapid endocytosis of nanoparticles. cLABL is applicable to researches such as precise drug delivery at inflammatory sites .
Catestatin sCst is a negative control peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence. Catestatin sCst fails to activate human mast cells and is used to verify the specificity of Catestatin action .
Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) is a kind of mouse IgG2a κ chimeric antibody inhibitor, targeting to humanMHC Class I. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, HLA-A, B, and C. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) increases adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) can be used for the research of immunology .
IBI-397 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting SIRPα/CD172a . IBI-397 promotes humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation and increases the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. IBI-397 has antitumor activity in the mouse MDA-MB-231 tumor model. IBI-397 can be used in Myeloma research .
FAZ-053 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274. FAZ-053 inhibits the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and B7-1 on monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells. FAZ-053 enhances interleukin 2 production. FAZ-053 can be used in advanced alveolar soft tissue sarcoma (ASPS), chordoma, and triple-negative breast cancer research .
AMG-329 (MEDI1116) is a human immunoglobulin G1λ monoclonal antibody targeting FLT3L. AMG-329 selectively binds to FLT3L, blocks FLT3L-FLT3 interaction, neutralizes soluble and cell-bound humanFLT3L activity. AMG-329 reduces circulating relative proportions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, conventional dendritic cells, and classical monocytes. AMG-329 does not induce antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AMG-329 can be used for the research of sjögren’s disease .
IB001 is a humanized anti-BAG3 antibody that inhibits BAG3, with a KD value of 14.4 nM for human BAG3. IB001 blocks BAG3-dependent monocyte/macrophage activation, interferes with the interaction between BAG3 and IFITM-2, and disrupts tumor microenvironment signaling pathways. IB001 inhibits tumor growth, reduces α-SMA-positive fibroblasts, and blocks BAG3-dependent IL-6 release. IB001 accumulates in a time-dependent manner in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. IB001 can be used for research related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma .
CBT004 (KB312) is a human IgG1κ type monoclonal antibody against CD83. CD83 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a highly expressed marker on the surface of mature DCs. It can also be induced to be expressed on activated B cells, some activated T cells, and activated monocytes.
Anti-CD14 Antibody (UCHM-1) reacts with the human CD14. Anti-CD14 Antibody (UCHM-1) recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on most peripheral blood monocytes. Recommend Isotype Controls: Mouse IgG2a kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99978) .
OX118 is a fully human, ADCC-enhanced monoclonal antibody targeting OX40L, the recommended isotype control is HY-P99001. OX118 blocks OX40L, suppresses effector T-cell proliferation, expands regulatory T-cell populations, and reduces bystander activation across natural killer cells, B cells, and CD14+ monocytes. OX118 can be used for the research of graft-versus-host disease .
AMY109 is an anti-human interleukin-8 (IL-8) monoclonal antibody, with IC50 values of 0.14 μg/mL and 0.37 μg/mL against human IL-8, a Ka of 36.8 pM for human IL-8, and a Ka of 380 pM for cynomolgus monkey IL-8.\nAMY109 binds to human and cynomolgus monkey IL-8 in a pH-dependent manner, inhibits IL-8-mediated activation of CXCR1 and CXCR2, and blocks the downstream biological activities of IL-8. AMY109 inhibits neutrophil recruitment to endometriotic lesions and suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by neutrophils. AMY109 is applicable to research related to endometriosis .
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β .
Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of humanmonocytes into macrophages .
Manumycin A is a polyketide antibiotic and an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). Manumycin A can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and exert its anti-tumor activity through LC3. Manumycin A can downregulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in humanmonocytes stimulated by TNF α, and has potential anti-inflammatory activity. Manumycin A can inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration resistant prostate cancer cells to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion .
Fulvic Acid is a natural product, which comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Fulvic Acid can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function. Fulvic Acid has the potential for researching chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes .
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection .
Mitomycin A is an antitumor agent. Mitomycin A inhibits the spontaneous migration of mouse monocytes. Mitomycin A inhibits the production of MIF (Migration Inhibition Factor) by human lymphocytes. Mitomycin A can be used in the research of tumor diseases .
Fibrin is an insoluble protein found in blood that is produced in response to bleeding. As the main component of blood clots, fibrin functions in blood coagulation. Fibrin binds to the integrins ICAM-1, VE-cadherin, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, αvβ3 and α5β1. Fibrin is used in research related to chronic wounds .
Resolvin D5 is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent produced in M2 macrophages. Resolvin D5 alleviates Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced mechanical allodynia and inflammatory pain by activating the GPR32 receptor, with gender specificity (effective only in male mice) and independence from TRPV1 or TRPA1 channels. Resolvin D5 attenuates LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, downregulates proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CCL5, inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and shows no cytotoxicity to humanmonocytes. The level of Resolvin D5 is elevated in arthritic SKG mice, but Resolvin D5 has no effect on dendritic cell differentiation or M1 macrophage polarization, nor does it prevent ZyA-induced arthritis progression. Resolvin D5 is suitable for research related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory pain and rheumatoid arthritis .
Diayangambin (Syringaresinol dimethyl ether; Lirioresinol C dimethyl ether) is a cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM against humanmonocytes. Diayangambin also has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects .
Glycozolidal (compound 12) is a carbazole alkaloid with antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Glycozolidal is cytotoxic against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and monocytes (U937) in vitro with IC50 values of 120.86 µg/mL and 97.74 µg/mL, respectively .
Emestrin is a mycotoxin originally isolated from E. striata that has antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities. It is active against the fungi C. albicans and C. neoformans, as well as the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; IC50s=3.94, 0.6, 2.21, 4.55, and 2.21 μg/mL, respectively).2 Emestrin is a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist (IC50=5.4 μM in a radioligand binding assay using isolated humanmonocytes).3 Emestrin (0.1 μg/mL) induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. It induces heart, thymus, and liver tissue necrosis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 18 to 30 mg/kg.
Reproterol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reproterol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reproterol hydrochloride is a dual-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Reproterol hydrochloride is more potent than albuterol and feterol in stimulating cAMP production in humanmonocytes, demonstrating its potential in enhancing airway function. Furthermore, Reproterol significantly inhibited the production of LTB4, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties. Reproterol hydrochloride may have inhibitory effects in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD .
3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a quinic acid-based phenolic compound that can be isolated from Eryngium bourgatii. 3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid regulates free radical scavenging and inflammatory pathways, exerting antioxidant activity through electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms. It also inhibits TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Trichodimerol (BMS-182123) is a TNF-α promoter inhibitor that inhibits the activity of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion. Trichodimerol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α promoter activity, reduces steady-state TNF-α mRNA expression, and does not alter the stability of TNF-α mRNA. Trichodimerol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α secretion in murine and human immune cells. Trichodimerol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β secretion by 25%-50% in vitro. Trichodimerol does not alter total protein synthesis or constitutive lysozyme secretion at effective concentrations. Trichodimerol can be used for the research of septic shock .
TREM-2 Protein is a receptor for amyloid beta protein 42, lipoprotein particles, and apolipoprotein. TREM-2 Protein is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis through Wnt/β, MTOR, PI3K and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways. TREM-2 Protein is expressed by macrophages, immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia to activate the immune response. TREM-2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived TREM-2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The TREM-1 protein is a cell surface receptor that critically regulates innate and adaptive immunity by enhancing inflammatory responses. TREM-1 plays a crucial role in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, acting as a decoy receptor to balance its pro-inflammatory effects. TREM-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived TREM-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
Beauvericin- 13C45 is 13C labeled Beauvericin (HY-N6739). Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of humanmonocytes into macrophages .
Piroxicam-d3 (CP-16171-d3) is deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively .
Piroxicam-d4 is the deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for humanmonocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
Ketoprofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
Ketoprofen- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively .
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0-d5 (19:0 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-d5) is the deuterated form of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 (HY-154830). Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 is a lysophosphatidylcholine with a fully saturated C19 acyl chain. When lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 is combined with LPS (HY-D1056), it can induce the secretion of IL-1β by humanmonocyte-derived dendritic cells. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase C19:0 can reduce the survival rate of dendritic cells derived from monocytes.
MRS4719-d3 is the deuterium labeled MRS4719 (HY-151547). MRS4719 is a potent P2X4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.503 μM for human P2X4 receptor. MRS4719 can reduce infarct volume and reduce brain atrophy, showing neuroprotective and neuro-rehabilitative activities in ischemic stroke model. MRS4719 also reduces ATP-induced [Ca 2+]i influx in primary humanmonocyte-derived macrophages. MRS4719 can be used to research ischemic stroke .
1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE-d11 (15(S)-HETE-SAPE-d11) is deuterium labeled 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE. 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid (HY-B2219) at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. It is formed in human peripheral monocytes activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (HY-N6687) by direct oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (SAPE) by 15-LO. Phosphoethanolamine (PE) HETEs (PE-HETEs), including 1-stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE, are the main source of esterified HETE in ionophore-activated monocytes .
Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a virus-like particle containing a TLR9 activator . Vidutolimod induces human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete IFNα, and upregulates the gene expression of CXCL10, PDL1, IDO and CD80. Vidutolimod activates TLR9, which in turn triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, production of IFNγ and TNFα, induction of CXCL10, and recruitment of antitumor T cells. Vidutolimod causes influenza-like symptoms, hypotension and tumor regression, and its activity depends on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod modulates monocyte function, promotes CD4 T cell proliferation, and activates multiple immune cell types in an environment with anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Vidutolimod is used in research related to advanced melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and advanced non-small cell lung cancer .
ISIS 104838 is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting TNF-α. ISIS 104838 specifically binds to human TNF-α mRNA via Watson-Crick base pairing to form a DNA:RNA hybrid duplex, thereby recruiting the ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme RNase H to degrade the target mRNA and inhibit TNF-α protein synthesis at the transcriptional level. ISIS 104838 induces moderate, self-limiting thrombocytopenia in cynomolgus monkeys. ISIS 104838 can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases .
G3-YSD is a cGAS agonist. G3-YSD directly interacts with cGAS to enhance its enzymatic activity, promote the conversion of ATP and GTP into cGAMP, and trigger STING-dependent IFN-α/β secretion. G3-YSD acts as a viral mimic to replace actual viral DNA . G3-YSD is applicable to research related to long COVID and type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection .
Tenofovir exalidex (CMX157) is a lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide analog Tenofovir with activity against both wild-type and antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV strains, including multidrug nucleoside/nucleotide analog-resistant viruses. Tenofovir exalidex is active against all major subtypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in fresh human PBMCs and against all HIV-1 strains evaluated in monocyte-derived macrophages, with EC50s ranging between 0.2 and 7.2 nM. CMX157 is orally available and has no apparent toxicity. Tenofovir exalidex also shows antiviral activity against HBV .
Human CCL13 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CCL13) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. CCL13 also plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation and may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis.
Human CCL14 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) protein, a cytokine that induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes.
Human IL34 mRNA encodes the human interleukin 34 (IL34) protein, a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R).
Human CCL15 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 (CCL15) protein, a chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1).
Human CCL1 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL1 is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils.
Human CCR2 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) protein, a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. CCR2 can mediate agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
Human CCL16 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. CCL16 also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells.
Human CCL2 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) protein. CCL2 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.
Human CCL17 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. CCL17 plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells.
Human CCL23 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. CCL23 is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line.
Human CCL18 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. CCL18 may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses.
Human CCL22 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. CCL22 also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes.
Human CCR8 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) protein, a member of the beta chemokine receptor family. CCR8 plays a role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues.
Human CCL24 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa.
Human CCL8 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL8 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils.
Human CCL5 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) protein, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. CCL5 is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor.
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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