Convulxin
Convulxin is a toxin found in a tropical rattlesnake. Convulxin stimulates platelet aggregation, and clusters GPVI to trigger Src family kinase activation, Fc receptor γ chain phosphorylation, and p72SYK signaling. Convulxin interacts with Dectin-2 to induce IL-10 production, activates monocytes to generate ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, and induces mitochondrial ROS. Convulxin causes transient arterial blood pressure changes in dogs. Convulxin can be used for research related to coagulation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 37206-04-5
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
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IL-10 |
IL-1β |
Convulxin (0.3-20 μg/mL; 12-96 h) is non-toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[1].
Convulxin (5-10 μg/mL; 72 h) does not stimulate proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[1].
Convulxin (5-10 μg/mL; 12-24 h) does not induce IL-2 secretion but stimulates IL-10 secretion via interaction with Dectin-2 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[1].
Convulxin (5-10 μg/mL; 24-72 h) does not stimulate nitric oxide production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[1].
Convulxin (5-10 μg/mL; 2-3 h) stimulates mitochondrial and intracellular ROS production in human CD14+ monocytes[1].
Convulxin (5-10 μg/mL; 3 h) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, leading to IL-1β secretion via NF-κB, caspase-1, NLRP3, and ROS-dependent pathways[1].
Convulxin (3-10 ng/mL) potently induces maximal aggregation of isolated human washed platelets, acting independently of the GPIb and α2β1 platelet receptors[2].
Convulxin (1 μg/mL; 3 h) specifically binds to the p62/GPVI collagen receptor on human platelet membranes[2].
Convulxin (30 ng/mL; 0-4 min) induces rapid, intense tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc receptor γ chain, p36-38, p725ʸᴷ, PI3K, c-Cbl, and PLCγ2 in isolated human washed platelets, signaling through p62/GPVI without direct involvement of α2β1-dependent early pp125FAK phosphorylation[2].
Convulxin (0.2-200 μg) exhibits no coagulant activity in dog or rabbit plasma[3].
Convulxin (20 pM-5 nM; 28 h) binds to washed rabbit platelets with high affinity (Kd = 30 pM) at 1000 specific sites per cell, with additional lower-affinity binding sites present[4].
Convulxin specifically competes for its own binding sites on washed rabbit platelets (IC50 = 8 nM), while common platelet agonists and antagonists do not interfere with this binding[4].
Convulxin (0.5-5 nM; 24-96 h) binds to washed rabbit platelets with a rapid association rate and extremely slow dissociation, resulting in a high-affinity interaction (kinetic Kd = 7 pM)[4].
Convulxin (300 μg/mL) does not exhibit haemagglutination activity against intact or trypsinized erythrocytes from rabbit, rat, mouse, hamster, guinea-pig, or human (O-type)[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:human PBMCs
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Concentration:0.3; 0.625; 1.25; 2.5; 5; 10; 20 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:12; 24; 48; 72 h
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Result:Showed no effect on the viability of the PBMCs.
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Cell Line:human PBMCs
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Concentration:5; 10 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:12; 24 h
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Result:Did not produce IL-2 at both times.
Stimulated PBMCs to produce a significant amount of IL-10 at both times.
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Cell Line:human PBMCs
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Concentration:5; 10 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:3 h
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Result:Activated the NLRP3 inflammasome complex.
Led to IL-1β secretion via NF-κB, caspase-1, NLRP3, and ROS-dependent pathways.
Convulxin (80-100 µg/kg; i.v.; single dose) induces dose-dependent neurological and respiratory effects in Felis catus, with an ED50 of 80 µg/kg for convulsions, and most animals recover within 30 minutes[3].
Convulxin (100 µg/kg-0.2 mg/kg; i.v.; single dose) induces immediate neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects in dogs, causing transient hypotension, pressor effects, apnea, and delayed convulsions in some animals, with minimal impact on haematocrit values[3].
Convulxin (1000-2000 µg/kg; i.p.; single dose) induces dose-dependent neurological and respiratory effects leading to respiratory failure in guinea pigs[3].
Convulxin (125-500 µg; s.c.; single dose) does not alter capillary permeability in rabbits[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Albino mice (17-21 g)[3]
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Dosage:5; 10; 200 µg
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Administration:i.v.; single dose
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Result:Caused tachypnea followed by brief apnea within 20 seconds.
Caused intense convulsive crises, usually leading to death.
Was ineffective at doses up to 200 µg/animal.
Reached an LD50 of 524 µg/kg.
Reached an ED50 of 522 µg/kg for convulsions.
Reached an ED50 of 180 µg/kg for brief apnea.
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Animal Model:Cats (700-1360 g)[3]
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Dosage:80; 100 µg/kg
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Administration:i.v.; single dose
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Result:Caused immediate respiratory disturbances (tachypnea leading to intense dyspnea), miosis, salivation, abdominal cramps, nystagmus, loss of equilibrium, convulsions, and sometimes brief hypotonia.
Reached an ED50 of 80 µg/kg for convulsions.
Allowed most animals to recover within 30 minutes.
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Animal Model:Mongrel dogs (5-10 kg)[3]
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Dosage:100; 125; 250 µg/kg; 0.2 mg/kg
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Administration:i.v.; single dose
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Result:Caused immediate excitation, barking, loss of equilibrium, respiratory disturbances, nystagmus, urination, defecation, and vomiting; after apparent recovery, 2/5 dogs developed intermittent clonic convulsions with 24-hour latency, while 3/5 had alternating agitation and torpor.
Caused an abrupt, transient fall in arterial blood pressure within 10 seconds, followed by a short-duration pressor effect; late hypotension was absent or slight.
Caused immediate increases in respiratory frequency and amplitude, followed by apnea lasting at least 0.5 minutes; 3/5 dogs died from persistent apnea, while 1 required 24 minutes of artificial respiration.
Caused a mean haematocrit change of 10%, with no significant alteration from baseline.
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Animal Model:Guinea pigs[3]
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Dosage:1000; 2000 µg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; single dose
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Result:Caused tremors and convulsive movements within the first hour, followed by dyspnea and apnea 4-10 hours post-injection.
Led to death from respiratory failure, with muscular tone retained.
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Animal Model:Rabbits[3]
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Dosage:125; 250; 500 µg
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Administration:s.c.; single dose
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Result:Did not affect capillary permeability at any tested dose.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 37206-04-5
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SMILES
[Convulxin]
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Crotalus durissus terrificus
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Rego CMA, Francisco AF, Boeno CN, et al.. Inflammasome NLRP3 activation induced by Convulxin, a C-type lectin-like isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom. Scientific reports. 2022 Mar 18;12(1):4706. [Content Brief]
[2]. Polgár J, Clemetson JM, Kehrel BE, et al.. Platelet activation and signal transduction by convulxin, a C-type lectin from Crotalus durissus terrificus (tropical rattlesnake) venom via the p62/GPVI collagen receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1997 May 23;272(21):13576-83. [Content Brief]
[3]. Prado-Franceschi J, et al. Convulxin, a new toxin from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. Toxicon. 1981;19(6):875-87. [Content Brief]
[4]. Francischetti IM, Saliou B, Leduc M, et al.. Convulxin, a potent platelet-aggregating protein from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, specifically binds to platelets. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 1997 Aug;35(8):1217-28. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Convulxin Related Classifications
HY-117123 Related Classifications
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- Convulxin
- 37206-04-5
- Glycoprotein VI
- Src
- Interleukin Related
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism
- human washed platelets
- p72SYK
- Src family kinase
- peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- glycoprotein VI
- NLRP3 inflammasome
- CD14+ monocytes
- Fc receptor γ chain
- Dectin-2
- rabbit platelets
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit