2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

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The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-128842
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3 is a MDM2 self-degrading (dimeric) PROTAC. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3 can be used in cancer research.
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3
  • HY-103640
    Amifostine thiol dihydrochloride
    		p53 Activator 99.27%
    Amifostine thiol (WR-1065) dihydrochloride can protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of certain cancer agents and activate p53 through a JNK-dependent signaling pathway.
    Amifostine thiol dihydrochloride
  • HY-112816
    MA242
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.37%
    MA242 is a specific dual inhibitor of MDM2 and NFAT1. MA242 directly binds both MDM2 and NFAT1 with high affinity, induces their protein degradation, and inhibits NFAT1-mediated transcription of MDM2. MA242 induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status.
    MA242
  • HY-W013105
    Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98%
    		Activator 99.91%
    Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% is a bile acid derivative. Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98% can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
    Sodium glycocholate hydrate, 98%
  • HY-153202
    SLMP53-2
    		Activator 99.96%
    SLMP53-2 is a mutant p53 reactivator. SLMP53-2 restores wild-type-like conformation and DNA-binding ability of mutp53-Y220C by enhancing its interaction with the Hsp70, leading to the reestablishment of p53 transcriptional activity. SLMP53-2 can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SLMP53-2 exhibits antitumor activity.
    SLMP53-2
  • HY-W009300
    4-Hydroxyestrone
    		≥99.0%
    4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1) is a brain-penetrant estrogen metabolite. 4-Hydroxyestrone shows neuroprotective effects involving increased cytoplasmic localization of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation. 4-Hydroxyestrone relies on PDI to mediate its protective effect against chemically induced ferroptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cancer cells. 4-Hydroxyestrone inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipid-ROS accumulation. 4-Hydroxyestrone blocks preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in Rattus norvegicus. 4-Hydroxyestrone can be used for the researches of neurodegeneration, breast cancer and endocrine disease.
    4-Hydroxyestrone
  • HY-120373
    MB710
    		98.81%
    MB710, an aminobenzothiazole derivative, is a stabilizer of oncogenic p53 mutation Y220C. MB710 binds tightly to the Y220C pocket and stabilizes p53-Y220C, with a Kd of 4.1 μM. MB710 shows anticancer activity in p53-Y220C cell lines.
    MB710
  • HY-N2993
    Polyporenic acid C
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    Polyporenic acid C is a lanostane-type triterpenoid. Polyporenic acid C can be isolated from Poria cocos. Polyporenic acid C causes the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, as well as the cleavage of PARP. Polyporenic acid C reduces the phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473), increases the phosphorylation of PTEN and p53 (Ser15), and activates JNK. Polyporenic acid C induces Apoptosis. Polyporenic acid C shows anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer.
    Polyporenic acid C
  • HY-P2096
    Hexapeptide-11
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Hexapeptide-11 is an anti-aging peptide that can protect fibroblasts from premature cell senescence mediated by oxidative stress. Hexapeptide-11 is also a potential stimulator of hyaluronic acid in keratinocytes, and can enhance skin barrier function by upregulating the expression of HAS2 and EGR3, and downregulating the expression of HYAL2. Hexapeptide-11 can also improve skin elasticity.
    Hexapeptide-11
  • HY-124833
    Quinalizarin
    		Modulator
    Quinalizarin is a protein kinase CK2 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.052 μM. Quinalizarin exhibits antifungal and anticancer activities. Quinalizarin induces ROS production, apoptotic signaling, mitochondrial pathway activation, cell cycle arrest, and cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Quinalizarin inhibits hyphal growth, biofilm formation, and mature biofilm integrity of Candida albicans. Quinalizarin can be used in research related to cancer and fungal infections.
    Quinalizarin
  • HY-16999
    RO8994
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.70%
    RO8994 (Compound 4) is an orally active, highly potent and selective spiroindolinone p53-MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5 nM (HTRF binding assays) and 20 nM (MTT proliferation assays). RO8994 induces up-regulation of p53 expression and Apoptosis in wild-type p53 cancer cells. RO8994 also inhibits tumor growth in the tumor xenograft model.
    RO8994
  • HY-158684
    YX-02-030
    		Degrader 99.86%
    YX-02-030 is a VHL-dependent MDM2 PROTAC degrader with a Kd of 35 nM. YX-02-030 recruits the VHL E3 ligase to form a ternary complex, leading to ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of MDM2. YX-02-030 inhibits MDM2-p53 and VHL-HIF1α binding with IC50 values of 63 and 1350 nM. YX-02-030 activates TAp73, upregulates p53 family target genes and induces apoptosis. YX-02-030 demonstrates on-target efficacy in TNBC xenograft-bearing mice, extending survival without normal cell toxicity.
    YX-02-030
  • HY-112128
    USP7-IN-3
    		99.06%
    USP7-IN-3 (Compound 5) is an effective and selective allosteric inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). USP7-IN-3 can be used for research on acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    USP7-IN-3
  • HY-156906
    UNC3474
    		Inhibitor 98.56%
    UNC3474 is a small molecule ligand, binding with 53BP1. UNC3474 binds the aromatic methyl-lysine binding cage of 53BP1TT, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.0 ± 0.3 μM. UNC3474 inhibits the recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs by stabilizing a pre-existing autoinhibited state of 53BP1 in cells.
    UNC3474
  • HY-P3508A
    PNC-27 acetate
    		99.98%
    PNC-27 acetate, a chimeric p53-penetratin peptide binds to HDM-2 in a p53 peptide-like structure, induces selective membrane-pore formation and leads to cancer cell lysis. PNC-27 acetate is an anticancer peptide. PNC-27 acetate can be used in acute myeloid leukemia research.
    PNC-27 acetate
  • HY-N0857
    Deoxyandrographolide
    		98.0%
    Deoxyandrographolide is an orally active lactone found in the Andrographis paniculata Nees. Deoxyandrographolide shows a KD of 38.4 μM of HDAC1. Deoxyandrographolide enhances GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation, activates PI3K and AMPK-dependent signaling pathways, suppresses fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Deoxyandrographolide enhances HDAC1 expression via inhibited ubiquitination degradation, represses H3K4me3, improves chromosome stability, and restrains aging biomarkers p16, p21, γH2A.X, p53 and ROS production. Deoxyandrographolide interacts with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3Cpro active site, inhibits protease and IFN-antagonist activity, derepresses ISG expression, and inhibits viral replication. Deoxyandrographolide can be used for the researches of type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular senescence and virus infection.
    Deoxyandrographolide
  • HY-107566
    Conessine
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Conessine is an orally active and BBB-penetrable selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist. The pKi values of Conessine for rat and human H3 receptors are 7.61 and 8.27, respectively. Conessine is an inhibitor of the multidrug efflux pump system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can enhance the activity of antibiotics. Conessine has antimalarial activity. Conessine can also be used in the research of muscle atrophy.
    Conessine
  • HY-148833
    MDM2-p53-IN-16
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    MDM2-p53-IN-16 is a MDM2-p53 complex inhibitor with an IC50 value of 4.3 nM to dissociate human p53/MDM2 complex. MDM2-p53-IN-16 reactivates p53, and induces Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. MDM2-p53-IN-16 can be used for the cancer research.
    MDM2-p53-IN-16
  • HY-179041
    SZ0232
    		p53 Activator 99.25%
    SZ0232 is a selective mPGES-2 inhibitor. SZ0232 binds to the active site of mPGES-2 via hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking, reduces the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and blocks the PGE2-EP3 pathway. SZ0232 regulates Ferroptosis by activating the heme-dependent p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and protects renal tubules. SZ0232 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, inhibits β-cell senescence, and improves glucose homeostasis. SZ0232 reduces renal lipid accumulation, alleviates fibrosis, and ameliorates renal dysfunction in diabetic mice. SZ0232 inhibits renal cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease models. SZ0232 exhibits an insulinotropic effect that strengthens with the increase of animal age. SZ0232 can be used in studies related to type 2 diabetes, acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
    SZ0232
  • HY-15676A
    Idasanutlin (enantiomer)
    		Control 99.18%
    Idasanutlin enantiomer is the isomer of Idasanutlin (HY-15676), and can be used as an experimental control. Idasanutlin (RG7388) is a potent and selective MDM2 antagonist, inhibiting p53-MDM2 binding, with an IC50 of 6 nM.
    Idasanutlin (enantiomer)
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.