Mitophagy
Mitochondrial Autophagy
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy.
Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury.
Autophagy and mitophagy are important cellular processes that are responsible for breaking down cellular contents, preserving energy and safeguarding against accumulation of damaged and aggregated biomolecules.
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Mitophagy Related Products (257)
Related Products (257)
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Related Compound Screening Libraries (1)
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Triphenyl phosphate
0 ImagesTriphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.
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Metformin hydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Vorinostat (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: SAHA (Standard); Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Standard)Vorinostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vorinostat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vorinostat (SAHA) is a potent and orally active pan-inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (Class I), HDAC6 and HDAC7 (Class II) and HDAC11 (Class IV), with ID50 values of 10 nM and 20 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Vorinostat induces cell apoptosis. Vorinostat is also an effective inhibitor of human papillomaviruse (HPV)-18 DNA amplification.
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Doxazosin mesylate
0 ImagesSynonyms: UK 33274 mesylateDoxazosin mesylate (UK 33274 mesylate) is a quinazoline-derivative that selectively antagonizes postsynaptic α1-adrenergic receptors.
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Melatonin-d4
0 ImagesSynonyms: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine-d4Melatonin-d4 is deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation.
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Carbamazepine-d10
0 ImagesSynonyms: CBZ-d10; NSC 169864-d10Carbamazepine-d10 is the deuterium labeled Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a sodium channel blocker, is an anticonvulsant agent.
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DS96432529
0 ImagesDS96432529 is an orally active CDK8 inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. DS96432529 enhances ALPase activity, with an EC200 of 63 nM. DS96432529 inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of the RLR signaling pathway, activates mitophagy, accelerates mineralized nodule formation, and suppresses the proliferation of periodontal ligament stem cells. DS96432529 promotes bone formation, alleviates ligation-induced alveolar bone loss, and increases bone mineral density in ovariectomized animal models. DS96432529 can be used in studies related to periodontitis and osteoporosis.
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Rosolutamide
0 ImagesSynonyms: ASC-JM17; ALZ-003Rosolutamide (ASC-JM17) is an orally active Nrf1/Nrf2 activator. Rosolutamide activates Hsf1 pathways, upregulates proteasome subunits and antioxidant enzymes, induces proteasome complex structural rearrangement, and enhances ubiquitin-proteasome system-mediated degradation. Rosolutamide reduces mutant androgen receptor and ataxin-3 aggregates, restores mitochondrial function, attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induces apoptosis and ferroptosis, and inhibits cancer cell growth. Rosolutamide can be used for the research of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Huntington’s disease, and temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma.
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Melatonin-d3
0 ImagesSynonyms: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine-d3Melatonin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Ruxolitinib (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: INCB18424 (Standard)Ruxolitinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ruxolitinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ruxolitinib (INCB18424) is a potent and selective JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM in cell-free assays, and has 130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 over JAK3. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy.
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Etoposide (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: VP-16 (Standard); VP-16-213 (Standard)Etoposide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoposide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoposide (VP-16; VP-16-213) is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, thus stopping DNA replication. Etoposide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Melatonin (standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (standard); MelatoninMelatonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Melatonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Carbamazepine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: CBZ (Standard); NSC 169864 (Standard)Carbamazepine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbamazepine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC50 of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
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Aspirin-d3
0 ImagesSynonyms: Acetylsalicylic acid-d3; ASA-d3Aspirin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Aspirin (HY-14654). Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
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Platycodin D2
0 ImagesPlatycodin D2 is an orally active triterpenoid saponin found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D2 induces mitophagy in cancer cells through NIX, thereby activating the P21/CyclinA2 pathway and promoting cell senescence. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, enhances autophagy, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-tumor activity against multiple cancer cell types. Platycodin D2 promotes mRNA expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, enhances splenocyte proliferation, and acts as a vaccine adjuvant with low rabbit red blood cell hemolytic activity. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial ROS production, incomplete autophagy, and ferroptosis to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Platycodin D2 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and immunology.
