GM-CSF Protein, Rat (CHO)

GM-CSF Protein, Rat (CHO) is a hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is produced by a variety of cell types including T cells, macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts upon receiving immune stimuli. It is an important hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator. GM-CSF also has profound effects on the functional activities of various circulating leukocytes. GM-CSF stimulates multipotent progenitor cells depending on its concentration, the proliferation of macrophage progenitors at the lowest doses, followed by granulocyte, erythroid, eosinophil, megakaryocyte and multipotent progenitors. It also stimulates the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells and controls eosinophil function in some instances^[1][2]. GM-CSF also enhances the functionality of mature cells, such as neutrophils. In neutrophils, GM-CSF potentiates degranulation, the release of oxygen and nitrogen radical ions, phagocytosis, and inhibits apoptosis^[3]. GM-CSF inhibition in some animal models of autoimmune diseases showed significant beneficial effects^[4]. GM-CSF also has many pro-inflammatory functions and recent data implicates GM-CSF as a key factor in Th17 driven autoimmune inflammatory conditions^[5].

1.The ED₅₀ is <5 pg/mL as measured by FDC-P1 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >2 × 10⁸ units/mg.
2.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using M-NFS-60 mouse myelogenous leukemia lymphoblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 5.019 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.99×10⁸ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using M‑NFS‑60 mouse myelogenous leukemia lymphoblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 5.019 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.99×10⁸ units/mg.

Rat

CHO

Tag Free

P48750 (A18-K144)

116630  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

APTRSPNPVTRPWKHVDAIKEALSLLNDMRALENEKNEDVDIISNEFSIQRPTCVQTRLKLYKQGLRGNLTKLNGALTMIASHYQTNCPPTPETDCEIEVTTFEDFIKNLKGFLFDIPFDCWKPVQK

Approximately 16-26 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. /biology-dictionary/mdck-ii-cell.html  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Shi Y, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gasson JC, et al. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): regulation of expression. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;338:27-41.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Gomez-Cambronero J, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 15;171(12):6846-55.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Shiomi A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen. 2016 Jul 5;36:8.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. van Nieuwenhuijze A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Mol Immunol. 2013 Dec;56(4):675-82.  [Content Brief]