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GM-CSF Protein, Human

10 Cited Publications
Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Human is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli without a tag.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • GM-CSF Protein, Human Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Biological Activity

Description

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Human is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli without a tag[1][2][3][4].

Background

GM-CSF is a cytokine secreted by various cells (such as T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, etc.), playing an important role in the immune system and hematopoietic process. GM-CSF can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells of granulocytes (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and macrophages in the bone marrow, promoting the production of mature blood cells. GM-CSF can also activate mature granulocytes and macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability, bactericidal activity, and antigen-presenting function, and participating in innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, GM-CSF also has pro-inflammatory activity[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

GM-CSF Protein (Human; 1% v/v; 7-10 days) can promote the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia colony-forming cells (AML-CFU)[5].

In Vivo

GM-CSF Protein (Human; 50 U/min/kg; continuous intravenous/subcutaneous infusion; 7-28 days) significantly increases white blood cell counts and bone marrow cellularity in healthy cynomolgous macaques and pancytopenic immunodeficient rhesus macaques, with indices returning to normal after drug withdrawal[6].

Verified Bioactivity

1. The ED50 is <0.5 ng/mL as measured by TF-1 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.0 × 106 units/mg.
2. Loaded Gimsilumab (HY-P99642) on AHC2 biosensor, can bind GM-CSF Protein, Human with an affinity constant of 1.573E-09 M as determined in BLI assay.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P04141 (A18-E144)

  • Gene ID
    1437  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • GM-CSF (A18-E144)
      Accession # P04141
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    CSF2; Molgramostim; Colony Stimulating Factor 2; Molgramostin; GMCSF; CSF; Sargramostim; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF; Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor; Colony Stimulating Factor 2 (Granulocyte-Macrophage); Colo

  • AA Sequence

    APARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEARRLLNLSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    14.6 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 13-17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 10 mM PB, pH 7.0.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Shi Y, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33. [Content Brief]

[2]. Gasson JC, et al. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): regulation of expression. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;338:27-41. [Content Brief]

[3]. Gomez-Cambronero J, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 15;171(12):6846-55. [Content Brief]

[4]. Shiomi A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen. 2016 Jul 5;36:8. [Content Brief]

[5]. Griffin JD, et al. Effects of recombinant human GM-CSF on proliferation of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood. 1986 May;67(5):1448-53. [Content Brief]

[6]. Donahue RE, et al. Stimulation of haematopoiesis in primates by continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF. Nature. 1986 Jun 26-Jul 2;321(6073):872-5. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

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Dilution Calculator

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cell. The ED50 for this effect is 22.74 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.4×107 units/mg.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Loaded Gimsilumab (HY-P99642) on AHC2 biosensor, can bind GM-CSF Protein, Human with an affinity constant of 1.573E-09 M as determined in BLI assay.

  • GM-CSF Protein, Human Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Human
  • GM-CSF Protein, Human Product Image