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GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human

2 Cited Publications
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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

CXCL2, also called Gro-beta or MIP-2, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemotactic activities on neutrophils. CXCL2 is produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils and expressed at sites of inflammation. CXCL2 is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis. GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human is produced in E. coli, and consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human
  • GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
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Biological Activity

Description

CXCL2, also called Gro-beta or MIP-2, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemotactic activities on neutrophils. CXCL2 is produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils and expressed at sites of inflammation. CXCL2 is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis[1][2]. GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human is produced in E. coli, and consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

Background

CXCL2 is a chemokine induced by endotoxin and serves as an extremely potent chemo-attractant for neutrophils, acting as a crucial inflammatory mediator. CXCL2 could be produced by multiple, different cell types, including macrophages and cancer cells. CXCL2 is involved in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and wound healing[1][4][5].
The amino acid sequence of human CXCL2 protein has low homology between mouse and rat CXCL2 protein.
CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines. CXCL2 binds to the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells and its classical function is to act as chemotactic factors attracting neutrophils to sites of injury[2][3].
In enterocytes, LPS induces CXCL2 expression and promotes migration of neutrophils in a model of platelet-activating factor induced shock and bowel injury. In acute lung injury, CXCR2 ligands, including CXCL1/2/3, have chemotactic effects for polymorphonuclear leukocytes[4]. CXCL2 could provoke a dose-dependent increase of colorectal tumor cell migration in vitro. Further, according to Bachmeier et al., CXCL-1 and −2 silencing could down-regulate several metastasis-promoting genes and inhibit the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells[5].

Verified Bioactivity

The ED50 is <200 ng/mL as measured by GRO-beta, Human on Ca2+ mobilization assay in CHO-K1/Gα15/hCXCR2 cells (human Gα15 and human CXCR2 stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells).

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P19875 (A35-N107)

  • Gene ID
    2920  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • CXCL2 (A35-N107)
      Accession # P19875
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    CXCL2; Growth-Regulated Protein Beta; Prev. GRO2; GRO2 Oncogene; SCYB2; MIP2-Alpha; CINC-2a; Gro-Beta; MGSA-B; MIP2A; MIP-2a; Melanoma Growth Stimulatory Activity Beta; GROb; MGSA Beta; Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2-Alpha; MIP2; Chemokine (C-X-C Motif

  • AA Sequence

    APLATELRCQCLQTLQGIHLKNIQSVKVKSPGPHCAQTEVIATLKNGQKACLNPASPMVKKIIEKMLKNGKSN

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 8 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.

Endotoxin Level

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Laila A Al-Alwan, et al. Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration. J Immunol. 2013 Sep 1;191(5):2731-41. [Content Brief]

[2]. Pelus LM, et al. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties. Exp Hematol. 2006 Aug;34(8):1010-20. [Content Brief]

[3]. Louis M Pelus, et al. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties. Exp Hematol. 2006 Aug;34(8):1010-20. [Content Brief]

[4]. Al-Alwan LA, et al. Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration. J Immunol. 2013 Sep 1;191(5):2731-41. [Content Brief]

[5]. Aimalie L Hardaway, et al. Marrow adipocyte-derived CXCL1 and CXCL2 contribute to osteolysis in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2015 Apr;32(4):353-68. [Content Brief]

[6]. Jeongim Ha, et al. CXCL2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed precursors. Cytokine. 2011 Jul;55(1):48-55. [Content Brief]

[7]. Yu Lu, et al. Type conversion of secretomes in a 3D TAM2 and HCC cell co-culture system and functional importance of CXCL2 in HCC. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 27;6:24558. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human
  • GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human Product Image