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GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

4 Cited Publications
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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), also known as GRO alpha, NAP-3 or MGSA, belongs to the sub-family of CXC chemokine. CXCL1 is involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. CXCL1 is produced by many cell types, and activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1. GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: HEK293
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
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Biological Activity

Description

CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), also known as GRO alpha, NAP-3 or MGSA, belongs to the sub-family of CXC chemokine. CXCL1 is involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. CXCL1 is produced by many cell types, and activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1[1]. GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

Background

CXCL1, also known as GRO-α, is a polypeptide that is initially isolated from human melanoma cells. CXCL1 acts as a key chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding specifically to its corresponding G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR2. CXCL1 modulates angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. In general, CXCL1 levels are extremely low under normal physiological conditions and greatly increased during inflammatory conditions[2][3].
The amino acid sequence of human CXCL1 protein has low homology between mouse and rat CXCL1 protein.
After translation, the synthesized CXCL1 precursor is 107aa long. A signal peptide is removed from its N-terminus, which shortens the precursor to 73aa. Two other amino acids can also be removed from the C-terminus. In addition, two disulfide bridges are formed from all four cysteine residues in CXCL1. The disulfide bridges give the appropriate structure to CXCL1, which determines the properties of this chemokine. After secretion, CXCL1 undergoes further proteolytic processing, which regulates the activity of this chemokine. From the N-terminus, three, four or five amino acids are removed, which produce CXCL1(4-73), CXCL1(5-73), and CXCL1(6-73), respectively. This increases CXCL1 activity 30 times, as measured by its ability to induce the chemotaxis of treated cells. To date, three CXCL1 receptors have been discovered-CXCR1, CXCR2 and atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1). Through NF-κB activation, CXCL1 expression is increased by cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17. CXCL1 can associate into bioactive dimers and primarily signals through CXCR2/IL-8 RB[1].
After CXCL1 expression is induced by carcinogens, it participates in inflammatory responses by recruiting neutrophils. This leads to chronic inflammation. In addition to increasing proliferation, CXCL1 also induces cancer cell migration, particularly EMT. Produced by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), CXCL1 enables tumor cell migration into the lymphatic vessels during lymphangiogenesis, leading to lymph node metastasis. CXCL1 is a chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Additionally, it causes the mobilization of these cells from the bone marrow. CXCL1 can also induce recruitment of regulatory T cells (Treg) and MSCs into the tumor niche. Another no-less-important property of CXCL1 is its ability to induce angiogenesis[1].

In Vitro

Recombinant human CXCL1 (0, 1, 5, and 10 ng/mL; 6-24 h) promotes IL-6 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and triggers the transcriptional activities of c-Jun in human primary synovial fibroblasts[2].
Recombinant human CXCL1 (50 and 100 ng/mL; 16 h) significantly induces HUVEC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner[3].

Verified Bioactivity

1.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC cells.The ED50 for this effect is 3.689 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.71×105U/mg.
2.Determined by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro-B cells transfected with human CXCR2. The ED50 for this effect is 3.516 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.84×105 U/mg.
3.Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human CXCL1 0.5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Eltrekibart (HY-P990737). The ED50 for this effect is 19.68 ng/mL.

MCE Validation Data

  • Purity - SDS-PAGE

    Purity - SDS-PAGE

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • Bioactivity - Cell-Based Assay

    Bioactivity - Cell-Based Assay

    Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC cells.The ED50 for this effect is 3.689 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.71×105 U/mg.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source HEK293
  • Tag C-6*His
  • Accession

    P09341 (A35-N107)

  • Gene ID
    2919  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • CXCL1 (A35-N107)
      Accession # P09341
    • 6*His
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    CXCL1; Neutrophil-Activating Protein 3; Prev. GRO1; Fibroblast Secretory Protein; Prev. MGSA; C-X-C Motif Chemokine 1; Prev. FSP; GRO-Alpha(1-73); SCYB1; GRO1 Oncogene (Melanoma Growth-Stimulating Activity); NAP-3; Melanoma Growth Stimulatory Activity Alpha; MGSA-A; Melanoma Growth Stimulatory Activity; GROa; MGSA Alpha; Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 1 (Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity, Alpha); GROA; GRO1 Oncogene (Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity, Alpha); GRO; Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity, Alpha; C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1; Growth-Regulated Alpha Protein

  • AA Sequence

    ASVATELRCQCLQTLQGIHPKNIQSVNVKSPGPHCAQTEVIATLKNGRKACLNPASPIVKKIIEKMLNSDKSN

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    7.9 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 11-15 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, 5-8% Trehalose, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Giovanna Vella, et al. The IL-17 receptor IL-17RE mediates polyIC-induced exacerbation of experimental allergic asthma. Respir Res. 2020 Jul 8;21(1):176. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jasper F Nies, et al. IL-17C/IL-17RE: Emergence of a Unique Axis in TH17 Biology. Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 26;11:341. [Content Brief]

[3]. Xinyang Song, et al. IL-17RE is the functional receptor for IL-17C and mediates mucosal immunity to infection with intestinal pathogens. Nat Immunol. 2011 Oct 12;12(12):1151-8. [Content Brief]

[4]. Caini Liu, et al. The flavonoid cyanidin blocks binding of the cytokine interleukin-17A to the IL-17RA subunit to alleviate inflammation in vivo. Sci Signal. 2017 Feb 21;10(467):eaaf8823. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
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Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
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MOQ
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100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC cells.The ED50 for this effect is 3.689 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.71×105 U/mg.

  • 1/16

    GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     epresentative western blotting images of EMT markers in EC cells treated with different concentrations of rCXCL1.

  • 1/16

    GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Proliferative capability of EC cells treated with rCXCL1 (20 and 40 ng/mL) assessed by CCK8 assay.

  • 1/16

    GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Translocation of NF‐κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was detected using immunofluorescence to indicate the activation of NF‐κB signaling in EC cells transfected with or without shCXCR2 under conditions of either co‐culture or rCXCL1 treatment.

  • 1/16

    GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Oct 17;42(10):113270. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Western blot analysis of myCAF- and iCAF-related markers in fibroblasts treated with indicated concentration of GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human for 24 h.

  • 1/16

    GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Oct 17;42(10):113270. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Representative images of fibroblasts migration caused by indicated concentration of GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human.

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    epresentative western blotting images of EMT markers in EC cells treated with different concentrations of rCXCL1.

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    Proliferative capability of EC cells treated with rCXCL1 (20 and 40 ng/mL) assessed by CCK8 assay.

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Sci. 2026 Jan 17. [Abstract]

    Translocation of NF‐κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was detected using immunofluorescence to indicate the activation of NF‐κB signaling in EC cells transfected with or without shCXCR2 under conditions of either co‐culture or rCXCL1 treatment.

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Oct 17;42(10):113270. [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of myCAF- and iCAF-related markers in fibroblasts treated with indicated concentration of GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human for 24 h.

  • GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Oct 17;42(10):113270. [Abstract]

    Representative images of fibroblasts migration caused by indicated concentration of GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human.