1. Recombinant Proteins
  2. Cytokines and Growth Factors
  3. Chemokine & Receptors
  4. CXC Chemokines
  5. GRO-alpha
  6. GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

Cat. No.: HY-P70508
COA Handling Instructions

CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), also known as GRO alpha, NAP-3 or MGSA, belongs to the sub-family of CXC chemokine. CXCL1 is involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. CXCL1 is produced by many cell types, and activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1. GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

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  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

  • Properties

  • Documentation

  • References

Description

CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), also known as GRO alpha, NAP-3 or MGSA, belongs to the sub-family of CXC chemokine. CXCL1 is involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. CXCL1 is produced by many cell types, and activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1[1]. GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 73 amino acids (A35-N107).

Background

CXCL1, also known as GRO-α, is a polypeptide that is initially isolated from human melanoma cells. CXCL1 acts as a key chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding specifically to its corresponding G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR2. CXCL1 modulates angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. In general, CXCL1 levels are extremely low under normal physiological conditions and greatly increased during inflammatory conditions[2][3].
The amino acid sequence of human CXCL1 protein has low homology between mouse and rat CXCL1 protein.
After translation, the synthesized CXCL1 precursor is 107aa long. A signal peptide is removed from its N-terminus, which shortens the precursor to 73aa. Two other amino acids can also be removed from the C-terminus. In addition, two disulfide bridges are formed from all four cysteine residues in CXCL1. The disulfide bridges give the appropriate structure to CXCL1, which determines the properties of this chemokine. After secretion, CXCL1 undergoes further proteolytic processing, which regulates the activity of this chemokine. From the N-terminus, three, four or five amino acids are removed, which produce CXCL1(4-73), CXCL1(5-73), and CXCL1(6-73), respectively. This increases CXCL1 activity 30 times, as measured by its ability to induce the chemotaxis of treated cells. To date, three CXCL1 receptors have been discovered-CXCR1, CXCR2 and atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1). Through NF-κB activation, CXCL1 expression is increased by cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17. CXCL1 can associate into bioactive dimers and primarily signals through CXCR2/IL-8 RB[1].
After CXCL1 expression is induced by carcinogens, it participates in inflammatory responses by recruiting neutrophils. This leads to chronic inflammation. In addition to increasing proliferation, CXCL1 also induces cancer cell migration, particularly EMT. Produced by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), CXCL1 enables tumor cell migration into the lymphatic vessels during lymphangiogenesis, leading to lymph node metastasis. CXCL1 is a chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Additionally, it causes the mobilization of these cells from the bone marrow. CXCL1 can also induce recruitment of regulatory T cells (Treg) and MSCs into the tumor niche. Another no-less-important property of CXCL1 is its ability to induce angiogenesis[1].

In Vitro

Recombinant human CXCL1 (0, 1, 5, and 10 ng/mL; 6-24 h) promotes IL-6 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and triggers the transcriptional activities of c-Jun in human primary synovial fibroblasts[2].
Recombinant human CXCL1 (50 and 100 ng/mL; 16 h) significantly induces HUVEC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner[3].

Biological Activity

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC cells.The ED50 for this effect is 3.689 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.71×105U/mg.

  • Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC cells.The ED50 for this effect is 3.689 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.71×105 U/mg.
Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

C-6*His

Accession

P09341 (A35-N107)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
CXCL1 (A35-N107)
Accession # P09341
6*His
C-term
Synonyms
Growth-Regulated Alpha Protein; C-X-C Motif Chemokine 1; GRO-Alpha(1-73); Melanoma Growth Stimulatory Activity; MGSA; Neutrophil-Activating Protein 3; NAP-3; CXCL1; GRO; GRO1; GROA; MGSA; SCYB1
AA Sequence

ASVATELRCQCLQTLQGIHPKNIQSVNVKSPGPHCAQTEVIATLKNGRKACLNPASPIVKKIIEKMLNSDKSN

Molecular Weight

10-14 kDa

Purity
  • Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, 5% Trehalose, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References

GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
Cat. No.:
HY-P70508
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