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IL-1 beta Protein, Human

58 Cited Publications
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Based on 58 publication(s) in Google Scholar

IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta plays a key role in inflammation and immunologic reactions. IL-1 beta is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β (encoded by pro-Il-1b) in response to inflammatory stimuli. IL-1 beta Protein, Human consists of 153 amino acids (A117-S269) and is expressed in E. coli.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Biological Activity

Description

IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta plays a key role in inflammation and immunologic reactions[1][2]. IL-1 beta is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β (encoded by pro-Il-1b) in response to inflammatory stimuli. IL-1 beta Protein, Human consists of 153 amino acids (A117-S269) and is expressed in E. coli.

Background

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and is produced and secreted by a variety of cell types although the vast majority of studies have focussed on its production within cells of the innate immune system, such as monocytes and macrophages[1][2].
IL-1β is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β (encoded by pro-Il-1b) in response to inflammatory stimuli, including both microbial products and endogenous danger-associated molecules. IL-1β gene expression and synthesis of pro-IL-1β occurs after activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Inflammatory stimuli also drive activation of cytosolic CARD and PYHIN domain-containing PRRs that recruit ASC and caspase-1 (Casp-1) to assemble into the multiprotein complex inflammasome. Pro-Casp-1 (encoded by pro-Casp-1), activated by the inflammasome, cleaves pro-IL-1β into the bioactive IL-1β. IL-1β acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner via the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1)[1][2][3].
IL-1β could regulate the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. IL-1β also plays a significant regulator of reproduction in females[1][2][3].

In Vitro

IL-1β (1-15625 pg/mL; 12 hours) dose-dependently increases production of the NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and a significant effect of IL-1β is observed at concentrations as low as 5 pg/mL in immortalized murine RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
IL-1β (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL; 24 hours) results in a dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation in pig heart cells. IL-1β increases the gene expression of caspase-3, and increases the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9[2].

In Vivo

IL-1β (8 ng; i.p.; daily; for 3 days) rescues Casp1−/− mice, restores survival and reduces lung bacterial load (i.e. days 0, 1, and 2 post-infection) in Chlamydia pneumoniae infected Casp1−/− mice. Yet, mice treated later (days 2, 3 and 4 post-infection) shows significantly increased bacterial counts relative to early-treated mice[3].

Verified Bioactivity

1.The ED50 is <10 pg/mL as measured by mouse D10S cells, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.0 × 108 IU/mg.
2.Measured by its ability to induce NF-kB signaling in 293-IL1 Res cells. The ED50 for this effect is 20-100 pg/mL.
3. Measured in a proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse cells. The ED50  this effect is ≤12.41 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is ≥8.058×107 units/mg.
4.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. The ED50 for this effect is <12 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is >8.333×107 units/mg.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P01584 (A117-S269)

  • Gene ID
    3553  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • IL-1β (A117-S269)
      Accession # P01584
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    IL1B; IL-1B; Interleukin 1 Beta; Multifunctional Fusion Protein; IL1F2; Pro-Interleukin-1-Beta; Interleukin-1 Beta; Preinterleukin 1 Beta; IL1-BETA; Interleukin 1beta; IL-1 Beta; IL1beta; Catabolin; IL-1

  • AA Sequence

    APVRSLNCTLRDSQQKSLVMSGPYELKALHLQGQDMEQQVVFSMSFVQGEESNDKIPVALGLKEKNLYLSCVLKDDKPTLQLESVDPKNYPKKKMEKRFVFNKIEINNKLEFESAQFPNWYISTSQAENMPVFLGGTKGGQDITDFTMQFVSS

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    17.5 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 15-21 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
4.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Jan Petrasek, et al. IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012 Oct;122(10):3476-89. [Content Brief]

[2]. Karina Zitta, et al. Interleukin-1beta regulates cell proliferation and activity of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cultured primary pig heart cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Sep 3;399(4):542-7. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kenichi Shimada, et al. Caspase-1 dependent IL-1β secretion is critical for host defense in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21477. [Content Brief]

Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse cells. The ED50 this effect is 12.41 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 8.058×107 units/mg.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Mar 8;23(1):127. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     IL-1β(10 ng/mL)-induced cytosolic ADAMTS9 and membrane versican protein expression in hAECs were observed.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Mar 8;23(1):127. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     IL-1β(100 ng/20 μL)-injected mice displayedreduced fetal weights and sizes at birth, which were significantly improved by BAY treatment.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Cell viability of mouse primary chondrocytes treated with 10 ng/ml interleukin-1β (IL1β) in the absence or presence of 0, 2, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 48 h.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     COL2, ACAN, MMP13 protein levels in human cartilage explants treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β in the absence or presence of 0, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 7 d.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Cell apoptosis in human C28/I2 chondrocytes treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β in the absence or presence of 0, 2, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 48 h.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Human
  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human Product Image

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Mar 8;23(1):127. [Abstract]

    IL-1β(10 ng/mL)-induced cytosolic ADAMTS9 and membrane versican protein expression in hAECs were observed.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Mar 8;23(1):127. [Abstract]

    IL-1β(100 ng/20 μL)-injected mice displayedreduced fetal weights and sizes at birth, which were significantly improved by BAY treatment.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    Cell viability of mouse primary chondrocytes treated with 10 ng/ml interleukin-1β (IL1β) in the absence or presence of 0, 2, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 48 h.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    COL2, ACAN, MMP13 protein levels in human cartilage explants treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β in the absence or presence of 0, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 7 d.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Human purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Abstract]

    Cell apoptosis in human C28/I2 chondrocytes treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β in the absence or presence of 0, 2, 5, 10 nM 10-HDA for 48 h.