TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Canine

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine^[1]. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death^[2]. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse^[3]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury^[4]. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Canine is a recombinant protein produced in E. coli.

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells^[2].
The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein.
TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation^[1].
TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU)^[3]. TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation^[4]. TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse^[5]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury^[6].

Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D and the ED₅₀ is typically 0.01-0.08 ng/mL.

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  Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D and the ED₅₀ is 0.06258 ng/mL.

Canine

E. coli

Tag Free

P51742/NP_001003244.4 (V77-L233)

403922  [NCBI]

Partial

VKSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPEAEGQLQWLSRRANALLANGVELTDNQLIVPSDGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRFAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRETPEGTEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINLPNYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL

Approximately 17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

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  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, 20% Glycerol, pH 8.0, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Horiuchi T, et al. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1215-28.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. El-Tahan RR, et al. TNF-α gene polymorphisms and expression. Springerplus. 2016 Sep 7;5(1):1508.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Jang DI, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 8;22(5):2719.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Berguetti T, et al. TNF-α Modulates P-Glycoprotein Expression and Contributes to Cellular Proliferation via Extracellular Vesicles. Cells. 2019 May 24;8(5):500.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Onizawa M, et al. Signaling pathway via TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells may be directly involved in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):G850-9.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Bernardino L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in neonatal subventricular zone cell cultures. Stem Cells. 2008 Sep;26(9):2361-71.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Matsuno H, et al. The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a study using a human RA/SCID mouse chimera. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):329-37.  [Content Brief]