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Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complexI of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
Filipin complex is a potent polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. Filipin complex inserts into membranes and sequester cholesterol into complexes and inhibits PRRSV entry. The Filipin complex consists of about 75.8% Filipin III (HY-N6718), 10.8% Filipin IV, 9.1% Filipin II, and 1.2% Filipin I (Ex/Em = 380/430 nm) .
IACS-010759 is an orally active, potent mitochondrial complexI of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .
MitoPQ is a mitochondria-targeted redox cycler. MitoPQ produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complexI, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. MitoPQ can be used in antioxidant study .
Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
ApoA-I mimetic peptide is an ApoA-I mimetic peptide. ApoA-I mimetic peptide has good phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation activity. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used to synthesize peptide/lipid complexes. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used in atherosclerosis research. (The sequence is: PVLDLFRELLNELLEALKQKLK) .
Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity .
Silver(I) fluoride is a drug intermediate for synthesis of various active compounds. Silver(I) fluoride is a silver(I) complex that can form hydrates in aqueous solutions and in the solid state, enabling its localized application to the tooth decay area for oral health research .
MCU-i11 is a negative regulator of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex. MCU-i11 can reduce mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. MCU-i11 impairs muscle cell growth. MCU-i11 can be used to study breast cancer, cervical cancer and neurological diseases .
OVA peptide mainly exists in egg white, it is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC). OVA peptide has been widely studied in allergy research .
Tricyclohexylphosphine (Tricyclohexylphosphane) is a chemical intermediate. The Tricyclohexylphosphine gold (I) n-mercaptobenzoate complex synthesized from Tricyclohexylphosphine induces ROS production and exhibits antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells .
Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complexI (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .
IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent mitochondrial complexI of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .
S1QEL1.1 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the IQ site during reverse electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI (ComplexI), with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. S1QEL1.1 can significantly reduce the activation of cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. S1QEL1.1 helps to decrease excessive proliferation of stem cells by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species signaling pathway initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Ureidopropionic acid is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor that selectively inhibits the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V, with no effect on respiratory chain complexesI-IV or mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .
Triphenylphosphinechlorogold (Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)) is a gold complex, Apoptosis inducer, and catalyst. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold exhibits high LOX inhibitory activity. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold catalyzes the peroxidation of linoleic acid. A weak interaction exists between Triphenylphosphinechlorogold and DNA. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold displays antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells .
FTI 276 TFA is a farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM, and it exhibits selectivity for FTase over geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I). FTI 276 TFA blocks the farnesylation of H-Ras and K-Ras4B, causes inactive Ras-Raf complexes to accumulate in the cytoplasm, and inhibits constitutive MAPK activation. FTI 276 TFA reduces the number, incidence and volume of tumors, and restricts the growth of tumors expressing activated K-ras. FTI 276 TFA can be used in research related to pulmonary adenoma .
BAY-179, a chemical probe, is a potent, selective, and species cross-reactive complexI inhibitor. BAY-179 shows IC50 values of 79 nM, 38 nM, 27 nM, and 47 nM for human, mouse, rat, and dog complexI, respectively .
ND-011992 is a reversible, selective quinazoline-type inhibitor targeting quinone reductases and quinol oxidases. ND-011992 inhibits respiratory complexI and bo3 oxidase in addition to bd-I and bd-II oxidases in E. coli strain BL21*Δcyo with the IC50 of 0.12, 2.47, 0.63 and 1.3 μM, respectively. ND-011992 can be used for tuberculosis study .
DX3-213B is a highly potent, orally active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexI inhibitor (IC50=3.6 nM). DX3-213B impairs ATP generation (IC50=11 nM), and blocks MIA PaCa-2 cell growth (GI50=11 nM). DX3-213B is used for the research of the pancreatic cancer .
MS-L6 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can acts as electron transport chain complexesI (ETC-I) combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect .
Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) hydrochloride is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
AMPK activator 4 is a potent AMPK activator without inhibition of mitochondrial complexI. AMPK activator 4 selectively activates AMPK in the muscle tissues. AMPK activator 4 dose-dependently improves glucose tolerance in normal mice, and significantly lowers fasting blood glucose level and ameliorates insulin resistance in db/db diabetic mice. Anti-hyperglycemic effect .
SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complexI (CI) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits oxygen consumption rate (OCR), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 can be used in the research of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), etc .
Filipin complex (solution) is a potent polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. Filipin complex inserts into membranes and sequester cholesterol into complexes and inhibits PRRSV entry. The Filipin complex consists of about 75.8% Filipin III (HY-N6718) , 10.8% Filipin IV, 9.1% Filipin II, and 1.2% Filipin I (Ex/Em = 380/430 nm) . Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 5 mg/mL
NBI-31772 hydrate is a potent inhibitor of interaction between insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). NBI-31772 hydrate is also a nonpeptide ligand that releases bioactive IGF-I from the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex (Kis=1-24 nM for all six human subtypes). Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects .
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complexI by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether is an intermediate of Isoflurane (HY-A0134). Isoflurane is a volatile general anaesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Isoflurane binds to and enhances GABAA receptor. Isoflurane inhibits electron transfer in respiratory complexI.
C3TD879 is a Type I kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits CITK catalytic activity (IC50 = 12 nM). C3TD879 binds directly to full-length human CITK in cells (NanoBRET Kd < 10 nM). C3TD879 is a chemical probe suitable for interrogating the complex biology of CITK .
Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexesI and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .
Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC50 of 62.06 μM and a Ki of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complexI, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors .
Orange I (α-Naphthol Orange) is an anionic azo dye that can form a complex with Methylene blue (HY-14536) and cause fluorescence quenching. The equilibrium constant of the complex of Orange I and Methylene blue is 79900 mol -1·dm 3. Orange I can change the absorption spectrum of itself and Methylene blue .
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
OVA-Q4 Peptide is a biological active peptide. (Q4 Peptide (SIIQFEKL) is a variant of the agonist ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (257-264), SIINFEKL. OVA Peptide is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC).)
Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) is a kind of mouse IgG2a κ chimeric antibody inhibitor, targeting to human MHC Class I. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, HLA-A, B, and C. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) increases adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) can be used for the research of immunology .
9-Methyl-β-carboline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and dopaminergic modulator, with an IC50 of 1 μM against human MAO-A and an IC50 of 15.5 μM against human MAO-B. 9-Methyl-β-carboline possesses cognitive enhancement potential and can cross the blood-brain barrier. 9-Methyl-β-carboline increases dopamine levels by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and microglial proliferation. 9-Methyl-β-carboline activates PKA/PKC and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, promotes neurotrophic factor expression and reduces α-synuclein (α-synuclein) levels, thereby reversing neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron damage. 9-Methyl-β-carboline also regulates the PI3K pathway and exerts an anti-proliferative effect on astrocytes. 9-Methyl-β-carboline is widely used in Parkinson's disease-related studies .
JMS-175-2 is a potent agonist of BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC), with the IC50 of 3.8 μM. JMS-175-2 plays an important role in Type I interferon-mediated diseases .
Aumitin is a diaminopyrimidine-based autophagy inhibitor which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by targeting complexI. Aumitin inhibits starvation- and rapamycin induced autophagy dose dependently with IC50s of 0.12 μM and 0.24 μM, respectively .
CJJ300 is a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.3 µM. CJJ300 inhibits TGF-β signaling by disrupting the formation of the TGF-β-TβR-I-TβR-II signaling complex .
Poly (I:C):Kanamycin (1:1) sodium is an isometric complex of Poly (I:C) (HY-135748) and Kanamycin (HY-16566). Poly(I:C) sodium, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, is a TLR3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I receptor (RIG-I and b>MDA5) agonist. Poly(I:C) sodium can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses and induce apoptosis in cancer cells . Kanamycin is an orally active antibacterial agent (Gram-negative/positive bacteria) that inhibits translocation and causes miscoding by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit. Kanamycin shows good inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (susceptible and drug-resistant) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and can be used in the research of tuberculosis and pneumonia .
DACA (XR 5000) is a potential and blood-brain barrier-penetrating topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. DACA can be used in the research of colorectal cancer, leukemia and lung cancer .
Beclin1-ATG14L interaction inhibitor 1 (com 19) is a selective Beclin1-ATG14L interaction inhibitor. This protein interaction mechanism specifically targets complexI of the lipid kinase VPS34 without affecting complex II. Because the integrity of VPS34 complex II depends on the Beclin 1-UVRAG interaction. Beclin1-ATG14L interaction inhibitor 1 can disrupt the formation of VPS34 complexI and inhibit autophagy, but does not affect complex II-related vesicle transport .
BMT-297376 is an optimized derivative of Linrodostat (HY-101560). BMT-297376 inhibits IDO1 and the ubiquinone (Q) site of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI. BMT-297376 is suitable for tumor immunology-related research .
Topovale (ARC 111) is a topoisomerase I inhbitor. Topovale is an antitumor agent, and shows low nM cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells. Topovale induces reversible topoisomerase I (TOP1) cleavage complexes in tumor cells .
Leucoberbelin blue I (LBB) is a leuco base that is oxidized by manganese through a hydrogen atom transfer reaction forming a colored complex. Leucoberbelin blue I can be used to quantify or confirm the Mn (II) oxides formation .
Recainam (Wy-42362) is an orally active anti-arrhythmic agent with Class I electrophysiological properties. Recainam suppresses complex ventricular arrhythmias. Racainam exhibits a good pharmacokinetic character in Sprague Dawley rats .
18:0-18:1 PG sodium is a hydrogenated phospholipid that contributes to the stability of photosystem I and II protein complexes and plays a role in bacterial defense mechanisms, featuring two extra methylene groups in its saturated sn-1 chain, and is present in the thylakoid membranes of higher plants and cyanobacteria.
Mitochondrial-IN (C458) is a potent mitochondrial complexI inhibitor. Mitochondrial-IN demonstrates high protection against Aβ toxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal off-target effects .
T-2513 is a selective topoisomerase I inhibitor. T-2513 binds covalently to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and inhibits DNA replication and RNA synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death .
Tris(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine is a protein crosslinker. Tris(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine can be used to synthesis copper(I) complexes which shows antitumour activity .
Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity .
Rotenone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
CliMB-325 is an HSP90 inhibitor that can induce MHC-I (EC50 = 498 nM) expression on the surface of CT26 murine colorectal cancer cells. CliMB-325 enhances T cell activation and exhibits lower toxicity. CliMB-325 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer .
8-OAc is a potent and selective mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexI inhibitor. 8-OAc exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines .
NPD8790 is a species selective mitochondrial respiratory complexI inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 µM for C. eleganscomplexI. NPD8790 is more selective for nematode species mitochondria than human, bovine, and mouse mitochondria. NPD8790 is an anthelmintic that kills adult soil-transmitted helminths .
DX3-235 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-235 shows nanomolar inhibition of complexI function and ATP production in a galactose-containing medium resulting in significant cytotoxicity .
DBI-2 is an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial complexI. DBI-2 disrupts the OXPHOS process, and reduces ATP generation in mitochondria. DBI-2 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells .
Pyridaben (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyridaben. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complexI (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .
SCAL-266 is a potent mitochondrial complexI (CI) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.83 μM. SCAL-266 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits OCR, induces ROS production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-266 displays a considerable antiproliferation effect against oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancer cells .
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Topoisomerase I inhibitor 3 (Compound ZML-14) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor and can interact with topoisomerase I-DNA complex. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 3 induces HepG2 cell apoptosis and arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase .
Irinotecan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Irinotecan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Topoisomerase I inhibitor 21 (Compound 3e) is an inhibitor for Topoisomerase I through stabilization of enzyme-DNA complex. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 21 exhibits antiproliferative activity in 39 human cancer cells (JFCR39) with mean GI50 39 nM .
Topoisomerase I inhibitor 6 (Compound 3) is a potent inhibitor of Topoisomerase I. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 6 is able to trap DNA-Top1 cleavage complex and found to be less cytotoxic in non-cancerous cell line. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 6 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases .
T-2513 hydrochloride is a selective topoisomerase I inhibitor. T-2513 hydrochloride binds covalently to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and inhibits DNA replication and RNA synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death .
Chloro(trimethylphosphine)gold(I) ((Trimethylphosphine)gold(I) chloride) is a metal complex with antitumor activity. Chloro(trimethylphosphine)gold(I) has been studied as a potential chemotherapeutic compound in cancer inhibition. Chloro(trimethylphosphine)gold(I) can also be used in organic synthesis reactions as a catalyst to improve reaction efficiency. The biocompatibility of Chloro(trimethylphosphine)gold(I) makes it promising for application in medicine and materials science.
Permethrinic Acid Methyl Ester is a derivative of the insecticide Permethrin (HY-B0887). Permethrin is an insecticide, an acaricide, and a highly selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complexI .
E/Z-FETPY is an organo-diiron(I) complex with strong cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. E/Z-FETPY induces ferroptosis in low-differentiated cell lines, such as A2780 cells .
Rearranged during transfection (RET) is a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activated normally by forming ternary complexes with its cognate ligands and co-receptors. RET alterations by point mutations and gene fusions were found in diverse cancers. RET L730I is a mutant of RET. RET L730I Recombinant Human Active Protein Kinase is a recombinant RET L730I protein that can be used to study RET L730I-related functions .
SN-398 is a derivative of Camptothecin (HY-158230), which is an antitumor drug. Acting by inhibiting mammalian DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I), stabilizing the Topo I-DNA complex prevents DNA rewiring to induce Topo I mediated DNA breaks. In Hela cell tests, SN-398 shows stronger antitumor activity than SN-38 (HY-13704) (IC50=1.562 μM). SN-398 can be used to study the anti-proliferation and growth inhibition of Topo I in cancer cells .
Recainam (Wy-42362) hydrochloride is an orally active anti-arrhythmic agent with Class I electrophysiological properties. Recainam suppresses complex ventricular arrhythmias. Racainam hydrochloride exhibits a good pharmacokinetic character in Sprague Dawley rats .
Eupolauridine (Canangine) is a selective DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC50 values of 20 μM for fungal topoisomerase I and 33 μM for human topoisomerase I. Eupolauridine exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II and stabilizing its cleavage complex with DNA, leading to DNA damage. Eupolauridine is promising for research of fungal infectious diseases .
Human ACVR1C mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C) protein, a type I receptor for the TGFB family of signaling molecules. Upon ligand binding, type I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors.
PROTAC CRBN ligand-2 (12) is a Biguanide-PROTAC derivative, with an EC50 of 0.15 mM in KP4 cells. PROTAC CRBN ligand-2 (12) demonstrates the ability to alter levels of mitochondrial proteins, notably complexesI and IV .
Acetyl-Hirudin (54-65) (sulfated) is a acetyl-fragment of Hirudin which binds directly to thrombin-rHCII(L444R) and disrupts interactions between the N-terminal acidic domain of rHCII and anion-binding exosite I of thrombin that serves to stabilize the complex .
Npx-Au is a NSAID–Au(I) complex with antitumor activity. Npx-Au can be used for the research of ovarian cancer . Npx-Au is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
D-Ribonic acid is a metabolite of D-Ribose (HY-113375). Ribonic acid is associated with genetic variations in ENOSF1 and NUBPL. Ribonic acid may participate in the mitochondrial energy production process .
DACA (Standard) is the analytical standard of DACA (HY-100777). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DACA (XR 5000) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. DACA can be used in the research of colorectal cancer, leukemia and lung cancer .
Photosensitizer-6 (Compound 4) is a gold (I) complex and exhibits inhibitory activity against TrxR. Photosensitizer-6 induces apoptosis in 4T1 cell, targets and eradicates tumors through chemo-phototherapy and immunogenic cell death under light exposure. Photosensitizer-6 can be used for tumor imaging .
PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-5 (Compound I-425) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2. PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-5 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 with DC50 of 100-500 nM . (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159531); Black: Linker (HY-159538); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
10-Nitrocamptothecin is a topoisomerase Iinhibitor with an IC50 of 0.64 μM. 10-Nitrocamptothecin interferes with the formation of cleavable complexes, thereby inhibiting the activity of Topoisomerase I. 10-Nitrocamptothecin is applicable for cancer research .
NL-26 is a Topoisomerase I inhibitor. NL-26 stabilizes the covalent Topoisomerase I (Topo I)-DNA complex, prevents DNA religation and triggers the DNA damage response. NL-26 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. NL-26 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer .
Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) is a mouse-specific monoclonal antibody and IL-4Rα antagonist.Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) inhibits IL-4 signaling through Type I and Type II receptor complexes.Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) can be used for the research of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma .
Copper (I) thiocyanate is a monovalent copper pseudohalide that exists in two crystalline forms, α and β, both containing bridging thiocyanate groups. Copper (I) thiocyanate can form coordination complexes with ligands such as triphenylphosphine and pyridine .
PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate is a proteasome-degraded peptide derived from the cancer-testis antigen PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma). PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate is restricted by HLA-A*02:01 and can serve as a target for bispecific T cell engager therapy in the context of major histocompatibility complexI presentation. PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate shows application potential in various malignant tumors and is widely suitable for research related to solid tumors, melanoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and lung cancer (including lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma). PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate can be used to explore disease of triple-negative breast cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma .
SEIDLILGY is a nonapeptide identified as a peptide ligand derived from mouse major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC). SEIDLILGY serves as a tool chemical stimulant for the specific activation of sensory neurons expressing the particular vomeronasal receptor (V2rf2) .
Chloro[1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]copper(I) (Compound 1) is a NHC copper complex and anticancer agent. Chloro[1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]copper(I) exhibits cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and glioma cells .
Recainam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Recainam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Recainam (Wy-42362) is an orally active anti-arrhythmic agent with Class I electrophysiological properties. Recainam suppresses complex ventricular arrhythmias. Racainam exhibits a good pharmacokinetic character in Sprague Dawley rats .
Flurpiridaz is a positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging tracer. Flurpiridaz can bind to mitochondrial complexI with high affinity. Flurpiridaz demonstrates high heart uptake in multiple species with clear delineation of perfusion deficits. Flurpiridaz shows rapid uptake in the myocardium. Flurpiridaz can be studied in research on coronary artery disease .
IκB kinase α (IKKα), one of the two catalytic subunits of the IKK complex involved in NF-κB activation, also functions as a molecular switch that controls epidermal differentiation. IKKα Recombinant Human Active Protein Kinase is a recombinant IKKα protein that can be used to study IKKα-related functions .
Aclacinomycin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aclacinomycin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
Fructose-phenylalanine (Fru-Phe) is a non-competitive angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50 =0.19 mM) with antioxidant activities. Fructose-phenylalanine forms a stable complex with Zn 2+ ions at the ACE active site, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to II and thereby lowering blood pressure. Fructose-phenylalanine is promising for research of cardiovascular diseases .
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-18 (Compound I-348) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-18 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for Target Protein (HY-159531); Black: Linker (HY-76547); Blue: Ligand for E3 Ligase (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-17 (Compound I-345) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-17 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for Target Protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W053507); Blue: Ligand for E3 Ligase (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-29 (Compound I-279) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-29 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-163926); Black: linker (HY-159682); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase (HY-W382038)) .
D-Fructose Dehydrogenase, Gluconobacter industrius (EC 1.1.99.11) is a heterotrimeric membrane-bound enzyme commonly seen in various Gluconobacter sp. especially in Gluconobacter japonicus (Gluconobacter industrius) .D-Fructose Dehydrogenase consists of subunits I (67kDa), II (51 kDa), and III (20 kDa) and catalyzes the oxidation of D-fructose to produce 5-keto-D-fructose. D-Fructose Dehydrogenase is a flavoprotein-cytochrome c complex with subunits I and II covalently bound to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and heme C as prosthetic groups, respectively.
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-31 (Compound I-280) is a degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-31 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-163926); Black: Linker (HY-159682); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (HY-W382038)) .
D-Fructose Dehydrogenase, Gluconobacter industrius (EC 1.1.99.11) is a heterotrimeric membrane-bound enzyme commonly seen in various Gluconobacter sp. especially in Gluconobacter japonicus (Gluconobacter industrius) .D-Fructose Dehydrogenase consists of subunits I (67kDa), II (51 kDa), and III (20 kDa) and catalyzes the oxidation of D-fructose to produce 5-keto-D-fructose. D-Fructose Dehydrogenase is a flavoprotein-cytochrome c complex with subunits I and II covalently bound to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and heme C as prosthetic groups, respectively.
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-15 (Compound I-335) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-15 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for Target Protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-N3024); Blue: Ligand for E3 Ligase (HY-125845))
XSJ151 is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, stabilizing the DNA-Topo I covalent complex and inducing DNA double-strand breaks. XSJ151-induces DNA damage activates the p53-p21 signaling pathway, specifically regulating the expression of cyclins, leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and disrupting the dynamic homeostasis of Bcl-2 family proteins, thereby triggering apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. XSJ151 can be used for the study of gastric cancer .
Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper (CuCl(TPP)₃) is a DNA-targeted metal complex. Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper involves non-covalent interactions (such as groove binding mode) through the copper(I) center to affect DNA function, showing inhibitory activity against bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells. Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper is promising for research of antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant agents .
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexesI and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .
ST13, an ortho-hydroxyanilide, is a selective, slow- and tight-binding HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50s of 23 nM and 49 nM, respectively. ST13 shows a weak inhibition of HDAC3 (IC50 = 4.30 μM) and HDAC6 (IC50 > 10 μM). The induced fit mechanism of ST13 proceeds through a two-step process: first, the enzyme and inhibitor rapidly form a collision complex (EI), which then slowly transforms into the stable complex E*I. ST13 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ST13 can be used for the study of melanoma and triple-negative breast .
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-19 (Compound I-412) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-19 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for Target Protein (HY-163949); Black: Linker (HY-W006635); Blue: Ligand for E3 Ligase (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-20 (Compound I-405) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-20 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 and MV411 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 of 100-500 nM. (Pink: Ligand for Target Protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W006635); Blue: Ligand for E3 Ligase (HY-163932))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-9 (Compound I-503) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-9 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM . (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W006635); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-30 (Compound I-291) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-30 degrades SMARCA2 in A549 and in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-163926); Black: linker (HY-159684); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase (HY-W382038)) .
Pyridaben-d13 is the deuterium labeled Pyridaben . Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complexI (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .
Permethrin (NRDC-143) is an insecticide, acaricide and a high selectively inhibitor of the Mitochondrial complexI, found in sediment and water samples. Permethrin shows estrogenic in vivo and anti-estrogenic activity in vitro. Permethrin also acts as a neurotoxin affecting neuron membranes by prolonging Sodium channel activation. Permethrin decreases resistance to bacterial infections in medaka (Oryzias latipes) .
Human ACVR2A mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) protein, a member of the TGFB family. ACVR2A mediates signaling by forming heterodimeric complexes with various combinations of type I and type II receptors and ligands in a cell-specific manner. It may be associated with susceptibility to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disease which can result in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-4 (Compound I-434) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-4 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159472); Black: Linker (HY-159478); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-5 (Compound I-437) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-5 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 of 100-500 nM. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-159557); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-8 (Compound I-502) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-8 degrades SMARCA2 with DC50 <100 nM in A549 and in MV411, degrades SMARCA4 with DC50<100 nM in MV411(Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W063924); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
Phenformin-d5 (Phenethylbiguanide-d5) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
Fluazinam is an orally active dinitroaniline fungicide. Fluazinam induces phosphorylation of JNK, activates p38 pathway, decreases Bcl-2, activates caspase-3, decreases complexI activity, increases Autophagy and Apoptosis. Fluazinam has strong antifungal activity against F. fujikuroi and B. maydis. Fluazinam has a negative impact on Brachydanio rerio and worker bees .
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexI. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC50 is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .
Ipomoeassin F is a potent and selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-translocation inhibitor by targeting the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 complex (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. Ipomoeassin F selectively inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Ipomoeassin F block the ER translocation of secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), but not type III TMPs .
[Rh(cod)Cl]2 (Chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer) is a rhodium (I) organometallic dimer complex. [Rh(cod)Cl]2 can inhibit platelet-activating factor-mediated platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 5.2 and 43.3 μM in washed rabbit platelets and human platelet-rich plasmas. [Rh(cod)Cl]2 also can inhibit thrombin-, ADP (HY-W010918)- and collagen-induced aggregation with IC50 values of 16.7, 162 and 69.8 μM. [Rh(cod)Cl]2 can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease, such as thrombosis .
Bcl-2-IN-22 (compound 1) is a gold(I) NHC complex with anticancer activity. Bcl-2-IN-22 induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway with an IC50 value of 0.014 μM. In addition, Bcl-2-IN-22 targets BCL-2 family members and exhibits pro-apoptosis and resensitization properties in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells that overexpress BCL-2 .
MY-1B is a covalent inhibitor of the RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2 (IC50: 1.3 μM). MY-1B stereoselectively ligands active-site cysteine residues (C271) of NSUN2. MY-1B can stereoselectively and covalently bind to PSME1, disrupting the proteasome regulatory complex and downregulating the presentation of specific MHC-I subtypes .
Thiosemicarbazide is a vitamin B6 antagonist with anti-acne activity. Thiosemicarbazide is also a well-known source in the synthesis of heterocycles, and its derivatives have potential anticancer activity. Thiosemicarbazide (TSC: HL1) reacts with metal salts, urea (U), to prepare Co(II) and Cu(I) metal complexes. Thiosemicarbazide is also used in the fields of media communications and optical storage, and in the spectrophotometric detection of metals .
Thiosemicarbazide is a vitamin B6 antagonist with anti-acne activity. Thiosemicarbazide is also a well-known source in the synthesis of heterocycles, and its derivatives have potential anticancer activity. Thiosemicarbazide (TSC: HL1) reacts with metal salts, urea (U), to prepare Co(II) and Cu(I) metal complexes. Thiosemicarbazide is also used in the fields of media communications and optical storage, and in the spectrophotometric detection of metals .
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complexI) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .
Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by Elesclomol (HY-12040) and Cu 2+ (copper ions). Cu(II)-Elesclomol is also a weak inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. Cu(II)-Elesclomol exerts anticancer effects by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage through copper chelation. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can be used in the study of cancer .
MPP+-d3 (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complexI of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
LMP517 (NSC 781517) is a potent and non-camptothecin TopoisomeraseI and II (TOP1 and TOP2) dual inhibitor. LMP517 can induce TOP1 and TOP2 cleavage complexes (TOP1ccs and TOP2ccs). LMP517 can induce cancer cells DNA damage and γH2AX production. LMP517 can be used for the research of cancer, such as small cell lung cancer .
Human IGFBP3 mRNA encodes the human insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) protein, a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family. IGFBP3 can form a ternary complex with insulin-like growth factor acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) and either insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II. In this form, it circulates in the plasma, prolonging the half-life of IGFs and altering their interaction with cell surface receptors.
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
Vinpocetine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Vinpocetine. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin hydrochloride (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin hydrochloride (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
Permethrin-d6 (NRDC-143-d6) is deuterium labeled Permethrin. Permethrin (NRDC-143) is an insecticide, acaricide and a high selectively inhibitor of the Mitochondrial complexI, found in sediment and water samples. Permethrin shows estrogenic in vivo and anti-estrogenic activity in vitro. Permethrin also acts as a neurotoxin affecting neuron membranes by prolonging Sodium channel activation. Permethrin decreases resistance to bacterial infections in medaka (Oryzias latipes) .
Dihydrorotenone is an insecticide and irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complexI. Dihydrorotenone may induce Parkinson's disease. Dihydrorotenone induces apoptosis in human plasma cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating the p38 signaling pathway. The oral LD50 of dihydrorotenone in rats is approximately 2.5 g/kg. Dihydrorotenone exhibits insecticide activity and cytotoxicity to plasma cells. Dihydrorotenone can be used to establish animal models of Parkinson's disease, safety assessment of natural pesticides, and potential cancer chemoprevention studies .
Vinpocetine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vinpocetine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Anti-Mouse IL-4Rα Antibody (REGN1103) is a mouse homologous antibody targeting IL-4Rα, as well as an inhibitor of IL-4 signaling. Anti-Mouse IL-4Rα Antibody (REGN1103) can be used in studies related to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma .
LSD1-IN-31 (compound 11e) can directly bind to LSD1/CoREST complex to reduce LSD1 demethylation enzymatic activity. LSD1-IN-31 inhibits LSD1 demethylation activity and influences its downstream IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. LSD1-IN-31 inhibits osteoclastic bone loss in vitro and in vivo. LSD1-IN-31 can be used for osteoporosis research .
TRAP1-IN-1 (compound 35) is a potent and selective inhibitor of TRAP1，a mitochondrial isoform of Hsp90. TRAP1-IN-1 has >250-fold TRAP1 selectivity over Grp94，and disrupts TRAP1 tetramer stability，induces TRAP1 client protein degradation. TRAP1-IN-1 also inhibits mitochondrial complexI of oxidative phosphorylation OXPHOS，disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential，and enhances glycolysis metabolism .
ISR activator-4 is an eIF2B modulator and integrated stress response (ISR) activator with a human eIF2B EC50 of 2.2 μM. ISR activator-4 stabilises the inactive I-state of eIF2B, favours formation of the inhibitory eIF2B-eIF2(αP)complex, and attenuates eIF2B's guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. ISR activator-4 can be used for the research of cancer, neurologic and metabolic disorders .
(1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate ((1R,9R)-DX8951f) is a non-prodrug camptothecin derivative and a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor (IC50=0.975 μg/mL in mice and 0.82 μg/mL in humans). (1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate blocks enzyme activity and induces apoptosis by stabilizing the enzyme-DNA cleavable complex. (1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate not only effectively inhibits the proliferation of various malignant tumor cells and tumor growth, but also circumvents P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. (1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate is widely used in preclinical studies of multiple cancers including pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia . The low-activity isomer of (1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate is (1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate (HY-13631I).
CMIT/MIT is a CMIT and MIT mixture. CMIT and MIT are powerful synthetic biocidal substances. CMIT and MIT are used as preservatives in various cosmetics and industrial products. CMIT and MIT are present in many water-soluble consumer products, such as shampoos, toothpastes. CMIT/MIT (3:1 mixture of CMIT and MIT) produces mitochondrial ROS via inhibiting mitochondrial complexI and II. CMIT/MIT (in 3:1 ratio) induces neurotoxicity through the upregulation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. CMIT/MIT can be used in the research of respiratory diseases and neuroblastoma .
Petasin inhibits adipogenesis in cell 3T3-F442A with an IC50 of 0.95 μM. Petasin inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis factors ACC1, FAS and SCD1 by inhibiting transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα, as well as targeting TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels . Petasin inhibits mitochondrial complexI, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Petasin activates AMPK signaling pathway, participating in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Petasin is orally active .
Tolfenpyrad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tolfenpyrad (HY-17516). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tolfenpyrad is an orally active insecticide, acaricide and antibacterial agent. Tolfenpyrad inhibits ComplexI in the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain, interfering with the cell respiration process. Tolfenpyrad has significant insecticidal activity against a variety of insect pests such as H. contortus, Coccinella septempunctata. Tolfenpyrad has antibacterial activity against Francisella novicida, with an IC50 of 1.2 µM or 1.5 µM .
(Z)-NMac1 is an Nm23-H1 activator found in Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Z)-NMac1 has dual anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative biological activities. (Z)-NMac1 selectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation under glucose starvation conditions by inhibiting mitochondrial complexI activity, leading to ATP depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. (Z)-NMac1 can be used to study tumors with high oxidative phosphorylation, especially in the glucose-restricted tumor microenvironment .
Tat-IKIP (46-60) is a IκB kinase (IKK)-targeting membrane-penetrating peptide. Tat-IKIP (46-60) inhibits IKK activation and NF-κB targeted gene expression by disrupting the IKKβ/NEMO complex. Tat-IKIP (46-60) significantly reduces DSS (HY-116282)-induced acute inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model and attenuates Zymosan-induced acute arthritis in acute arthritis model (AAM). Tat-IKIP (46-60) can be used for inflammatory diseases research, such as IBD, pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis .
FC-14367 is a PROTAC degrader targeting HIV-1 Nef protein. FC-14367 forms a ternary complex by binding Nef and Cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase, inducing Nef ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, restoring cell-surface CD4 and MHC-I expression and inhibiting HIV-1 replication. FC-14367 can be used in research on HIV infection and AIDS . (Black: Glycolic acid (HY-W015967); Blue: 2-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)phthalimidine (HY-138793))
AGB-374 is an orally active NDUFS7 inhibitor. AGB-374 destabilizes NDUFS7 protein and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by targeting mitochondrial complexI. AGB-374 reduces MYC protein levels in colon cancer cells in vivo and delays tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models of colon cancer. AGB-374 synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of copper chelators against cancer cells. AGB-374 cooperates with copper chelators to downregulate MYC and NDUFS7 protein levels in cancer cells. AGB-374 can be used for the research of colon cancer .
Alizarin red S indicator (C.I. 58005) is a reductively active (quinone-based) anthraquinone dye that forms complexes with metal ions (such as zirconium, calcium) or boric acid to label calcium deposition and perform electrochemical sensing functions. Alizarin Red S undergoes reversible redox reactions (for electrochemical detection) and irreversible chelation (for bone staining). Alizarin Red S is mainly used in bone metabolism research (labeling mineralized tissue), sugar detection (boric acid-sugar competition system) and metal ion sensing (such as zirconium ion detection)， and can be used in osteoporosis and metabolic disease research .
Fluazinam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluazinam (HY-B1839). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluazinam is a broad spectrum pyridinamine fungal inhibitor. Fluazinam is an orally active dinitroaniline fungicide. Fluazinam induces phosphorylation of JNK, activates p38 pathway, decreases Bcl-2, activates caspase-3, decreases complexI activity, increases Autophagy and Apoptosis. Fluazinam has strong antifungal activity against F. fujikuroi and B. maydis. Fluazinam has a negative impact on Brachydanio rerio and worker bees .
4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin, a derivative of Daunorubicin (HY-13062A), is an anthracycline antibiotics. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can bind to calf thymus DNA and forms a complex with the stacked DNA base pairs. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can inhibit prokaryotic nucleic acid polymerases, including E. coli DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can be used for researches of cancer and infection .
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
ME-344 is an Isoflavone. ME-344 increases mitochondrial ROS generation. ME-344 inhibits tubulin polymerization. ME-344 inhibits HO-1 and impacts its mitochondrial translocation. ME-344 induces Apoptosis through Caspase 3 activation. ME-344 synergizes with Vinblastine in leukemia cells. ME-344 displays anti-tumor activity against leukemia and lung tumor. ME-344 can be used in the research of lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and HER2-negative breast cancer .
DQP-997-74 (compound 2i) is a selective negative allosteric modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), specifically targeting GluN2C/D (IC50: 0.069 μM and 0.035 μM), with blood-brain barrier penetrability. Where DQP refers to dihydroquinoline-pyrazoline. DQP-997-74 acts synergistically with the agonist glutamate to exhibit time-dependent enhanced potency in inhibiting hypersynchronous activity driven by high-frequency excitatory synaptic transmission. DQP-997-74 reduces the number of epileptogenesis in a murine model of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-induced epilepsy. DQP-997-74 can be used for research on NMDAR-related neurological diseases .
Tat-IKIP (46-60) TFA is the trifluoroacetic acid of Tat-IKIP (46-60) (HY-P10966). Tat-IKIP (46-60) is a IκB kinase (IKK)-targeting membrane-penetrating peptide. Tat-IKIP (46-60) inhibits IKK activation and NF-κB targeted gene expression by disrupting the IKKβ/NEMO complex. Tat-IKIP (46-60) significantly reduces DSS (HY-116282)-induced acute inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model and attenuates Zymosan-induced acute arthritis in acute arthritis model (AAM). Tat-IKIP (46-60) can be used for inflammatory diseases research, such as IBD, pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis .
Withanoside V is a blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative . Withanoside V binds strongly to Sudlow I (domain IIA) of human serum albumin (HSA) to form a stable complex and alter the secondary structure of albumin, thereby increasing helix content and reducing β-sheet and random coil. Withanoside V binds to Aβ (1-42) to block the interaction between monomers and subsequent aggregation. Withanoside V inhibits the viability of neuroblastoma cells, reduces the number of apoptotic cells induced by Aβ (1-42), and decreases ROS production. Withanoside V inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Withanoside V can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease and coronavirus disease 2019 .
Thifluzamide is a fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by blocking the ubiquinone-binding site in mitochondrial complex II. Thifluzamide exhibits significant activity against Basidiomycota pathogens (such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, Ustilago and Puccinia genera) and is commonly used in studies on wheat sharp eyespot. Thifluzamide displays a dual mechanism in regulating lipid metabolism: it reduces fatty acid synthase activity to inhibit endogenous fatty acid synthesis, and increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity to accelerate fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. Thifluzamide also induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish models and carries a risk of developmental toxicity. Thifluzamide inhibition of Rhizoctonia cerealis may result in low to moderate levels of drug resistance, leading to the generation of stable drug-resistant mutants .
PbQ is a tubulin inhibitor (with an IC50 of 5 μM against goat tubulin) and a fluorescent probe for cuprous ions Cu (I). PbQ can penetrate the membrane of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, form a stable 1:1 complex with Cu + ions, and exhibits low toxicity and good biocompatibility toward macrophage cell lines. In addition, PbQ promotes tubulin degradation and disrupts the microtubule network in lung epithelial cells without affecting actin. PbQ also possesses genotoxicity by forming DNA base adducts, and it can activate caspase-3 and apoptosis-related genes, induce loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and trigger cell apoptosis. PbQ can be used in studies related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan (Compound 9a) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex to prevent DNA strand reconnection, thereby inducing DNA breakage and cell apoptosis. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan can be specifically cleaved by β-glucuronidase highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment to release Exatecan for cytotoxic effect. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan is also an intermediate of Mal((3S,3aR,6S,6aR) -hexahydrofuro [3, 2-B]furan-3,6-diamine-PEG12)-β -Glu-Pab-Exatecan. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan is promising for research of cancers .
LD4172 is a selective RIPK1PROTAC degrader with a Ki of 4.8 nM. LD4172 induces RIPK1 protein degradation via ternary complex formation with RIPK1 and VHL E3 ligase, driving ubiquitination and proteasomal breakdown. LD4172 abrogates TNF-induced classical NF-κB signaling in TRAF2-deficient cells, impairing IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, and reducing IL-8 production. LD4172 induces apoptosis and immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, enhances tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte responses, and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD1 therapy. LD4172 acts as a chemical probe for investigating RIPK1 scaffolding functions. LD4172 can be used for the research of melanoma, colon cancer .
Thifluzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thifluzamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thifluzamide is a fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by blocking the ubiquinone-binding site in mitochondrial complex II. Thifluzamide exhibits significant activity against Basidiomycota pathogens (such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, Ustilago and Puccinia genera) and is commonly used in studies on wheat sharp eyespot. Thifluzamide displays a dual mechanism in regulating lipid metabolism: it reduces fatty acid synthase activity to inhibit endogenous fatty acid synthesis, and increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity to accelerate fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. Thifluzamide also induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish models and carries a risk of developmental toxicity. Thifluzamide inhibition of Rhizoctonia cerealis may result in low to moderate levels of drug resistance, leading to the generation of stable drug-resistant mutants .
IU1 is a selective, reversible USP14 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4-5 μM. IU1 binds USP14’s catalytic cleft to block deubiquitinase activity. IU1 induces calpain-dependent Tau cleavage, causes ATP deficits, reduces E1~Ub thioester levels and 26S proteasome assembly. IU1 enhances 26S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, modulates LC3B-dependent autophagy flux, reduces cancer cell proliferation and migration, and blocks G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle transition in follicular thyroid cancer cells. IU1 activates autophagy-lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, triggers apoptosis, and reduces cervical cancer cell growth. IU1 enhances degradation of proteasome substrates linked to neurodegenerative disease, accelerates oxidized protein degradation, and increases oxidative stress resistance. IU1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, follicular thyroid cancer, ischemic stroke, cervical cancer, and neurodegenerative disease .
Influenza HA (518-526) is an H-2d-restricted CTL epitope derived from influenza virus hemagglutinin. Influenza HA (518-526) is highly conserved across various H5N1, some H9N2, and H1N1 strains. Influenza HA (518-526) binds to the mouse MHC class I allele K d to form a complex, which is then recognized by specific CD8 + T cells. Influenza HA (518-526) is an immunodominant epitope in influenza-infected BALB/c mice, and it stimulates CD8 + T cells to secrete IFN-γ to induce a robust immune response. Currently, Influenza HA (518-526) is widely used in research related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and H5N1 influenza .
NMac1 is an orally active Nm23/NDPK activator. NMac1 directly binds to Nm23-H1 and activates the NDPK activity of recombinant Nm23-H1 with an EC50 of 10.7 uM. NMac1 induces AMPK activation and inhibits mTOR and ERK, leading to mitochondrial OXPHOS dysregulation and suppressing mitochondrial ROS production, which in turn induces mitochondrial dysfunction in MDA-MB-231 cells. NMac1 inhibits ComplexI activity and suppresses changes in morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization following Rac1 activation in MDA-MB-231 cells. NMac1 inhibits tumor invasion, migration and metastasis. NMac1 is useful for studying metastatic tumors, such as breast cancer. NMac1 can be isolated from the ginger cassumunar Roxb .
fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 6), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells, IC50=50 nM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in the nucleus, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes apoptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, pyrodeath and autophagy .
Mandestrobin is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III inhibitor with bactericidal activity. The enantiomers of Mandestrobin exhibit differential bactericidal activity, with the R-enantiomer showing higher activity than the S-enantiomer .
fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 3), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells with IC50=0.32 μM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in mitochondria, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes paraptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy .
BMP2-derived peptide is an osteogenic inducer and BMP receptor ligand. BMP2-derived peptide binds to BMP receptors on the cell surface to form a complex, activates the downstream Smad signaling pathway, and regulates the expression of osteogenic transcription factors. BMP2-derived peptide effectively promotes the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, significantly up-regulates the mRNA levels of OCN, Runx2 and type I collagen, and increases alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. BMP2-derived peptide induces osteoblast differentiation and ectopic bone regeneration, and improves cranial bone defect repair. Meanwhile, BMP2-derived peptide enhances the cytocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, synergistically increases osteogenic activity with Dexamethasone (HY-14648), serving as an important tool for bone defect repair research .
DpC is a selective, orally active iron chelator with anticancer activity. DpC acts on signaling pathway-related targets such as JNK, NF-κB, and its activity is competitively inhibited by another iron chelator Dp44mT (HY-18973). By chelating intracellular iron and copper ions in tumor cells to form redox-active complexes, DpC induces oxidative stress, activates the JNK, NF-κB pathways and downregulates IκBα, upregulates the expressions of neuroglobin and cytoglobin, activates caspase 3/9 to induce tumor cell apoptosis. It also overcomes P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance through a lysosome-targeting mechanism, and exhibits broad-spectrum synergistic effects when combined with various chemotherapeutic agents. DpC inhibits tumor metastasis and increases TNF-α levels in the tumor microenvironment to enhance endogenous immune responses. DpC is applicable to the research of various malignancies including neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer .
HSV-1/HSV-2-IN-3 inhibits the herpes-simplex-virus (HSV) helicase-primase complex, blocking the coordinated DNA-unwinding and primer-synthesis steps required for viral genome replication. HSV-1/HSV-2-IN-3 exhibits an EC50 of 7.0 nM against HSV-2 in a gD-immunofluorescence cell assay containing 2 % FBS and 57.5 nM when 10 % human serum is present. HSV-1/HSV-2-IN-3 achieves an EC50 of 1.1 nM in a qPCR replication assay. HSV-1/HSV-2-IN-3 shows strong selectivity over human carbonic-anhydrase off-targets (IC50 ≈ 2.9 µM for hCA II and > 35 µM for hCA I). HSV-1/HSV-2-IN-3 can be studied in anti-HSV research .
AA76-lipid (Compound aa76) is a compound with a C-terminal arginine and histidine. AA76-lipid can be used to prepare pancreas-targeted lipid nanoparticles AH-LNP. After assembling with proteins, the increased size of AH-LNP promotes Capsule-filter-mediated selective accumulation in the pancreas and receptor-mediated endocytosis, thereby enhancing pancreas-targeting ability. AA76-lipid enables highly pancreas-selective delivery of mRNA. AA76-lipid can be used in the research of pancreatic cancer .
(1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate ((1S,9R)-DX8951f) is a non-prodrug camptothecin derivative and a topoisomerase Iinhibitor (IC50=0.975 μg/mL in mice and 0.82 μg/mL in humans). (1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate blocks enzyme activity and induces apoptosis by stabilizing the enzyme-DNA cleavable complex. (1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate not only effectively inhibits the proliferation of various malignant tumor cells and tumor growth, but also circumvents P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. (1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate is widely used in preclinical studies of various cancers such as pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia . The chiral isomer of (1S,9R)-Exatecan mesylate is (1R,9R)-Exatecan mesylate (HY-13631J).
Kp7-6 is a Fas mimetic peptide and also a Fas/FasL antagonist. Kp7-6 specifically binds to Fas and FasL, disrupts receptor complexes, and blocks downstream apoptosis signaling pathways. Kp7-6 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1-2, induces the phosphorylation of IκBα, and activates NF-κB. Kp7-6 inhibits the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3 and JNK, and suppresses human amylin-induced β-cell apoptosis. Kp7-6 inhibits FasL-induced lymphoid cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Kp7-6 reduces local tumor FasL expression, increases CD8 +Fas + T cell infiltration, and decreases tumor volume in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor models. Kp7-6 prevents concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Kp7-6 is applicable to research related to type 2 diabetes, concanavalin A-induced hepatitis and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors .
Withanoside IV is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative. Withanoside IV specifically binds to the Sudlow I site of HSA, induces secondary structural changes in HSA, and forms stable HSA complexes. Withanoside IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2. Withanoside IV induces axonal regeneration, peripheral nervous system myelination and increased axonal density in spinal cord tissue, reduces reactive gliosis-related changes, and improves hindlimb motor function. Withanoside IV binds to amyloid-β 1-42 to inhibit its aggregation, induces neurite outgrowth and synapse reconstruction, repairs damaged axons and dendrites, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, exerts neuroprotective effects via the BDNF and SIRT1 signaling pathways, reduces ROS production and neuronal apoptosis, and ameliorates memory deficits. Withanoside IV inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Withanoside IV can be used in research related to spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) .
TDI-015051 is a highly selective, orally active antiviral agent that targets the coronavirus NSP14guanine-N7 methyltransferase. TDI-015051 binds to substrates in a non-competitive manner and forms a stable ternary complex, precisely blocking the capping and methylation processes of viral mRNA. TDI-015051 potently inhibits a variety of coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2 and MERS). By impairing viral replication and translation and inducing a moderate type I interferon-mediated immune response, it significantly reduces pulmonary viral load and exhibits a synergistic effect with Nirmatrelvir (HY-138687). In addition, TDI-015051 does not inhibit non-coronavirus methyltransferases, and the drug-resistant mutations it induces impair viral fitness, demonstrating excellent antiviral properties and safety. TDI-015051 can be used for research on COVID-19 and the replication mechanism of coronaviruses .The IC50 values of TDI-015051 against SARS-CoV-2, α-hCoV-NL63, α-hCoV-229E, β-hCoV-MERS are 0.15 nM, 1.7 nM, 2.6 nM and 3.6 nM, respectively, and the Ka value against SARS-CoV-2 is 0.061 nM .
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. The TGF-β superfamily comprises TGF-βs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins and related proteins. Signaling begins with the binding of a TGF beta superfamily ligand to a TGF beta type II receptor. The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD (e.g. SMAD4). R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental defects and human diseases, including cancers, some bone diseases, chronic kidney disease, etc.
MCE designs a unique collection of 407 TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway compounds. TGF-beta/Smad Compound Library acts as a useful tool for TGF-beta/Smad-related drug screening and disease research.
Filipin complex is a potent polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. Filipin complex inserts into membranes and sequester cholesterol into complexes and inhibits PRRSV entry. The Filipin complex consists of about 75.8% Filipin III (HY-N6718), 10.8% Filipin IV, 9.1% Filipin II, and 1.2% Filipin I (Ex/Em = 380/430 nm) .
Filipin complex (solution) is a potent polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. Filipin complex inserts into membranes and sequester cholesterol into complexes and inhibits PRRSV entry. The Filipin complex consists of about 75.8% Filipin III (HY-N6718) , 10.8% Filipin IV, 9.1% Filipin II, and 1.2% Filipin I (Ex/Em = 380/430 nm) . Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 5 mg/mL
Aclacinomycin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aclacinomycin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
PbQ is a tubulin inhibitor (with an IC50 of 5 μM against goat tubulin) and a fluorescent probe for cuprous ions Cu (I). PbQ can penetrate the membrane of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, form a stable 1:1 complex with Cu + ions, and exhibits low toxicity and good biocompatibility toward macrophage cell lines. In addition, PbQ promotes tubulin degradation and disrupts the microtubule network in lung epithelial cells without affecting actin. PbQ also possesses genotoxicity by forming DNA base adducts, and it can activate caspase-3 and apoptosis-related genes, induce loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and trigger cell apoptosis. PbQ can be used in studies related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
ApoA-I mimetic peptide is an ApoA-I mimetic peptide. ApoA-I mimetic peptide has good phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation activity. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used to synthesize peptide/lipid complexes. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used in atherosclerosis research. (The sequence is: PVLDLFRELLNELLEALKQKLK) .
Alizarin red S indicator (C.I. 58005) is a reductively active (quinone-based) anthraquinone dye that forms complexes with metal ions (such as zirconium, calcium) or boric acid to label calcium deposition and perform electrochemical sensing functions. Alizarin Red S undergoes reversible redox reactions (for electrochemical detection) and irreversible chelation (for bone staining). Alizarin Red S is mainly used in bone metabolism research (labeling mineralized tissue), sugar detection (boric acid-sugar competition system) and metal ion sensing (such as zirconium ion detection)， and can be used in osteoporosis and metabolic disease research .
Triphenylphosphinechlorogold (Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)) is a gold complex, Apoptosis inducer, and catalyst. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold exhibits high LOX inhibitory activity. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold catalyzes the peroxidation of linoleic acid. A weak interaction exists between Triphenylphosphinechlorogold and DNA. Triphenylphosphinechlorogold displays antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells .
Leucoberbelin blue I (LBB) is a leuco base that is oxidized by manganese through a hydrogen atom transfer reaction forming a colored complex. Leucoberbelin blue I can be used to quantify or confirm the Mn (II) oxides formation .
ApoA-I mimetic peptide is an ApoA-I mimetic peptide. ApoA-I mimetic peptide has good phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation activity. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used to synthesize peptide/lipid complexes. ApoA-I mimetic peptide can be used in atherosclerosis research. (The sequence is: PVLDLFRELLNELLEALKQKLK) .
OVA peptide mainly exists in egg white, it is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC). OVA peptide has been widely studied in allergy research .
Kp7-6 is a Fas mimetic peptide and also a Fas/FasL antagonist. Kp7-6 specifically binds to Fas and FasL, disrupts receptor complexes, and blocks downstream apoptosis signaling pathways. Kp7-6 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1-2, induces the phosphorylation of IκBα, and activates NF-κB. Kp7-6 inhibits the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3 and JNK, and suppresses human amylin-induced β-cell apoptosis. Kp7-6 inhibits FasL-induced lymphoid cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Kp7-6 reduces local tumor FasL expression, increases CD8 +Fas + T cell infiltration, and decreases tumor volume in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor models. Kp7-6 prevents concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Kp7-6 is applicable to research related to type 2 diabetes, concanavalin A-induced hepatitis and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors .
BMP2-derived peptide is an osteogenic inducer and BMP receptor ligand. BMP2-derived peptide binds to BMP receptors on the cell surface to form a complex, activates the downstream Smad signaling pathway, and regulates the expression of osteogenic transcription factors. BMP2-derived peptide effectively promotes the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, significantly up-regulates the mRNA levels of OCN, Runx2 and type I collagen, and increases alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. BMP2-derived peptide induces osteoblast differentiation and ectopic bone regeneration, and improves cranial bone defect repair. Meanwhile, BMP2-derived peptide enhances the cytocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, synergistically increases osteogenic activity with Dexamethasone (HY-14648), serving as an important tool for bone defect repair research .
OVA-Q4 Peptide is a biological active peptide. (Q4 Peptide (SIIQFEKL) is a variant of the agonist ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (257-264), SIINFEKL. OVA Peptide is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC).)
LLO (190-201) (Listeriolysin O 190 peptide) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted peptide, LLO190 (NEKYAQAYPNVS), from the listeriolysin O protein of Listeria monocytogenes, which generates an LLO190-specific Th response. This peptide subsequently challenge recombinant L. monocytogenes expressing the MHC-I-restricted epitope of ovalbumin (Ova257, SIINFEKL).)
Influenza HA (518-526) is an H-2d-restricted CTL epitope derived from influenza virus hemagglutinin. Influenza HA (518-526) is highly conserved across various H5N1, some H9N2, and H1N1 strains. Influenza HA (518-526) binds to the mouse MHC class I allele K d to form a complex, which is then recognized by specific CD8 + T cells. Influenza HA (518-526) is an immunodominant epitope in influenza-infected BALB/c mice, and it stimulates CD8 + T cells to secrete IFN-γ to induce a robust immune response. Currently, Influenza HA (518-526) is widely used in research related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and H5N1 influenza .
Tat-IKIP (46-60) TFA is the trifluoroacetic acid of Tat-IKIP (46-60) (HY-P10966). Tat-IKIP (46-60) is a IκB kinase (IKK)-targeting membrane-penetrating peptide. Tat-IKIP (46-60) inhibits IKK activation and NF-κB targeted gene expression by disrupting the IKKβ/NEMO complex. Tat-IKIP (46-60) significantly reduces DSS (HY-116282)-induced acute inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model and attenuates Zymosan-induced acute arthritis in acute arthritis model (AAM). Tat-IKIP (46-60) can be used for inflammatory diseases research, such as IBD, pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis .
Acetyl-Hirudin (54-65) (sulfated) is a acetyl-fragment of Hirudin which binds directly to thrombin-rHCII(L444R) and disrupts interactions between the N-terminal acidic domain of rHCII and anion-binding exosite I of thrombin that serves to stabilize the complex .
Tat-IKIP (46-60) is a IκB kinase (IKK)-targeting membrane-penetrating peptide. Tat-IKIP (46-60) inhibits IKK activation and NF-κB targeted gene expression by disrupting the IKKβ/NEMO complex. Tat-IKIP (46-60) significantly reduces DSS (HY-116282)-induced acute inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model and attenuates Zymosan-induced acute arthritis in acute arthritis model (AAM). Tat-IKIP (46-60) can be used for inflammatory diseases research, such as IBD, pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis .
MBP Ac1-9 (4Y) is a synthetic peptide derived from a fragment of myelin basic protein (MBP) that has undergone specific chemical modifications. MBP Ac1-9 (4Y) is able to form a complex with the MHC class II molecule I-Au and activate specific T cell receptor (TCR), thus playing a role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MBP Ac1-9 (4Y) can be used to study autoimmune diseases, especially those involving the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis .
PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate is a proteasome-degraded peptide derived from the cancer-testis antigen PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma). PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate is restricted by HLA-A*02:01 and can serve as a target for bispecific T cell engager therapy in the context of major histocompatibility complexI presentation. PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate shows application potential in various malignant tumors and is widely suitable for research related to solid tumors, melanoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and lung cancer (including lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma). PRAME peptide (425-433) acetate can be used to explore disease of triple-negative breast cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma .
SEIDLILGY is a nonapeptide identified as a peptide ligand derived from mouse major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC). SEIDLILGY serves as a tool chemical stimulant for the specific activation of sensory neurons expressing the particular vomeronasal receptor (V2rf2) .
Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) is a kind of mouse IgG2a κ chimeric antibody inhibitor, targeting to human MHC Class I. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, HLA-A, B, and C. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) increases adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells. Anti-MHC Class I Antibody (W6/32) can be used for the research of immunology .
Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) is a mouse-specific monoclonal antibody and IL-4Rα antagonist.Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) inhibits IL-4 signaling through Type I and Type II receptor complexes.Anti-Mouse CD124/IL4RA Antibody (REGN1103) can be used for the research of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma .
Anti-Mouse IL-4Rα Antibody (REGN1103) is a mouse homologous antibody targeting IL-4Rα, as well as an inhibitor of IL-4 signaling. Anti-Mouse IL-4Rα Antibody (REGN1103) can be used in studies related to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma .
Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Filipin complex is a potent polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. Filipin complex inserts into membranes and sequester cholesterol into complexes and inhibits PRRSV entry. The Filipin complex consists of about 75.8% Filipin III (HY-N6718), 10.8% Filipin IV, 9.1% Filipin II, and 1.2% Filipin I (Ex/Em = 380/430 nm) .
Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity .
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complexI) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Ureidopropionic acid is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor that selectively inhibits the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V, with no effect on respiratory chain complexesI-IV or mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .
Ipomoeassin F is a potent and selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-translocation inhibitor by targeting the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 complex (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. Ipomoeassin F selectively inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Ipomoeassin F block the ER translocation of secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), but not type III TMPs .
Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) hydrochloride is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
Dihydrorotenone is an insecticide and irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complexI. Dihydrorotenone may induce Parkinson's disease. Dihydrorotenone induces apoptosis in human plasma cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating the p38 signaling pathway. The oral LD50 of dihydrorotenone in rats is approximately 2.5 g/kg. Dihydrorotenone exhibits insecticide activity and cytotoxicity to plasma cells. Dihydrorotenone can be used to establish animal models of Parkinson's disease, safety assessment of natural pesticides, and potential cancer chemoprevention studies .
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complexI by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .
Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC50 of 62.06 μM and a Ki of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complexI, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors .
Withanoside V is a blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative . Withanoside V binds strongly to Sudlow I (domain IIA) of human serum albumin (HSA) to form a stable complex and alter the secondary structure of albumin, thereby increasing helix content and reducing β-sheet and random coil. Withanoside V binds to Aβ (1-42) to block the interaction between monomers and subsequent aggregation. Withanoside V inhibits the viability of neuroblastoma cells, reduces the number of apoptotic cells induced by Aβ (1-42), and decreases ROS production. Withanoside V inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Withanoside V can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease and coronavirus disease 2019 .
Aclacinomycin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aclacinomycin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis .
Vinpocetine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vinpocetine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Petasin inhibits adipogenesis in cell 3T3-F442A with an IC50 of 0.95 μM. Petasin inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis factors ACC1, FAS and SCD1 by inhibiting transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα, as well as targeting TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels . Petasin inhibits mitochondrial complexI, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Petasin activates AMPK signaling pathway, participating in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Petasin is orally active .
Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity .
Withanoside IV is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative. Withanoside IV specifically binds to the Sudlow I site of HSA, induces secondary structural changes in HSA, and forms stable HSA complexes. Withanoside IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2. Withanoside IV induces axonal regeneration, peripheral nervous system myelination and increased axonal density in spinal cord tissue, reduces reactive gliosis-related changes, and improves hindlimb motor function. Withanoside IV binds to amyloid-β 1-42 to inhibit its aggregation, induces neurite outgrowth and synapse reconstruction, repairs damaged axons and dendrites, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, exerts neuroprotective effects via the BDNF and SIRT1 signaling pathways, reduces ROS production and neuronal apoptosis, and ameliorates memory deficits. Withanoside IV inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Withanoside IV can be used in research related to spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) .
Eupolauridine (Canangine) is a selective DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC50 values of 20 μM for fungal topoisomerase I and 33 μM for human topoisomerase I. Eupolauridine exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II and stabilizing its cleavage complex with DNA, leading to DNA damage. Eupolauridine is promising for research of fungal infectious diseases .
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexI. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC50 is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .
MR1 & B2M; Major histocompatibility Complex class I-related protein 1; MR1;
MHC class I-related protein 1;
Class I histocompatibility antigen-like protein; MR1
Calnexin interacts with monoglucosylated glycoproteins, helping their assembly and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Calnexin Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Calnexin protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
Calnexin Protein, Human (HEK293, His), a recombinant human Calnexin produced in HEK293 cells, has a His tag at the N-terminus. Calnexin is a 90 kDa type I endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein.
The PSME1 protein is critical for immunoproteasome assembly and is essential for efficient antigen processing. As part of the PA28 activator complex, PSME1, together with PSME2, actively enhances the production of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome. PSME1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PSME1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
B2 microglobulin; DADB-15K14.8; HLA 6.0; HLA class I histocompatibility antigen alpha chain G; Major histocompatibility Complex class I G; MHC class I antigen; MHC class I antigen G; MHC G; T-cell A locus; TCA
HLA-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule that is critical for immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It cooperates with B2M to form a complex that selectively binds self-peptides to promote maternal-fetal tolerance by interacting with KIR2DL4, LILRB1, and LILRB2 receptors. HLA-G Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived HLA-G protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-His labeled tag.
B2 microglobulin; DADB-15K14.8; HLA 6.0; HLA class I histocompatibility antigen alpha chain G; HLA class I histocompatibility antigen; alpha chain G; HLA class I molecule; HLA G; HLA G antigen; HLA G histocompatibility antigen class I G; HLA G3; HLA-G; HLA-G histocompatibility antigen; class I; HLA60; HLAG; HLAG_HUMAN; Major histocompatibility Complex class I G; MHC class I antigen; MHC class I antigen G; MHC G; T-cell A locus; TCA
HLA-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule that is critical for immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It cooperates with B2M to form a complex that selectively binds self-peptides to promote maternal-fetal tolerance by interacting with KIR2DL4, LILRB1, and LILRB2 receptors. HLA-G Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived HLA-G protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
MPP+-d3 (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complexI of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
Rotenone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complexI inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Pyridaben-d13 is the deuterium labeled Pyridaben . Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complexI (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .
Phenformin-d5 (Phenethylbiguanide-d5) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complexI, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
Vinpocetine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Vinpocetine. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Permethrin-d6 (NRDC-143-d6) is deuterium labeled Permethrin. Permethrin (NRDC-143) is an insecticide, acaricide and a high selectively inhibitor of the Mitochondrial complexI, found in sediment and water samples. Permethrin shows estrogenic in vivo and anti-estrogenic activity in vitro. Permethrin also acts as a neurotoxin affecting neuron membranes by prolonging Sodium channel activation. Permethrin decreases resistance to bacterial infections in medaka (Oryzias latipes) .
Antigen Presenting Molecule antibody;
Cw*1701 antibody;
D6S204 antibody;
FLJ27082 antibody;
HLA A antibody;
HLA B antibody;
HLA C antibody;
HLA class 1 A antibody;
HLA class 1 B antibody;
HLA class 1 C antibody;
HLA JY3 antibody;
HLAA antibody;
HLAB antibody;
HLAC antibody;
HLC C antibody;
Human Leucocyte Antigen C antibody;
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I A antibody;
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I B antibody;
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I C antibody;
Major histocompatibility Complex, class I, A + B + C antibody;
MHC class I antigen A*1 antibody;
MHC Class I Antigen antibody;
MHC class I antigen B*7 antibody;
MHC class I antigen Cw*1 antibody;
MHC class I HLA A antibody;
MHC class I HLA B antibody;
MHC class I HLA C antibody;
MHC HLA ABC antibody;
PSORS1 antibody
ICC/IF, FC
Human
HLA Class 1 ABC Antibody (YA4638) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to HLA Class 1 ABC.
HLA-G, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, G, HLA Class I Histocompatibility Antigen, Alpha Chain G, HLA-G Histocompatibility Antigen, Class I, G, MHC Class I Antigen G, B2 Microglobulin, HLA G Antigen, Mutant MHC Class Ib Antigen, Mutant MHC Class I Antigen, MHC Class Ib Antigen, MHC Class I Protein, HLA-6.0, MHC-G, HLAG
WB ICC/IF
Human, mouse
HLA G Antibody (YA9763) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG Monoclonal, Recombinant antibody, targeting to HLA G.
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen E alpha chain antibody;
EA1.2 antibody;
EA2.1 antibody;
HLA 6.2 antibody;
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen alpha chain E antibody;
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen E alpha chain precursor antibody;
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen E alpha chain precursor antibody;
HLA6.2 antibody;
HLAE antibody;
Lymphocyte antigen antibody;
Major histocompatibility Complex class I E antibody;
MHC antibody;
MHC class I antigen E antibody;
MHC HLA E alpha 1 antibody;
MHC HLA E alpha 2.1 antibody;
QA1 antibody;
WB, IP, FC
Human
HLA E Antibody (YA3437) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to HLA E.
mitochondrial; ODPA_HUMAN; PDH; PDHA; PDHA1; PDHCE1A; PDHE1 A type I; PDHE1-A type I; PHE1A; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1; Pyruvate dehydrogenase Complex; E1 alpha polypeptide 1; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 com
WB, ICC/IF
Human, Mouse
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha Antibody (YA681) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha.
mitochondrial; ODPA_HUMAN; PDH; PDHA; PDHA1; PDHCE1A; PDHE1 A type I; PDHE1-A type I; PHE1A; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1; Pyruvate dehydrogenase Complex; E1 alpha polypeptide 1; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 com
WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P
Human, Mouse, Rat
Phospho-PDHA1 (Ser293) Antibody (YA9899) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG Recombinant, Monoclonal antibody, targeting to Phospho-PDHA1 (Ser293).
mitochondrial; ODPA_HUMAN; PDH; PDHA; PDHA1; PDHCE1A; PDHE1 A type I; PDHE1-A type I; PHE1A; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1; Pyruvate dehydrogenase Complex; E1 alpha polypeptide 1; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 com
WB, ICC/IF
Human, Mouse
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha Antibody (YA681) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha.
NFKBIA; Inhibitor of KB alpha; I kappa B alpha; I(Kappa)B(alpha); IkappaBalpha; IKBA; IKBalpha; MAD 3; MAD3; Major histocompatibility Complex enhancer binding protein MAD3; NF kappa B inhibitor alpha; NFKBI; NFKBIA; Nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha; IKBA_HUMAN.
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF-Tissue, ICC/IF
Human, Rat
IKB alpha Antibody (YA6438) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to IKB alpha.
NFKBIA; Inhibitor of KB alpha; I kappa B alpha; I(Kappa)B(alpha); IkappaBalpha; IKBA; IKBalpha; MAD 3; MAD3; Major histocompatibility Complex enhancer binding protein MAD3; NF kappa B inhibitor alpha; NFKBI; NFKBIA; Nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha; IKBA_HUMAN.
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF-Tissue, ICC/IF
Human, Rat
IKB alpha Antibody (YA6438) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to IKB alpha.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha Antibody (YA5196) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated monoclonal antibody, targeting to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 alpha.
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-4 (Compound I-434) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-4 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159472); Black: Linker (HY-159478); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-5 (Compound I-425) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2. PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-5 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 with DC50 of 100-500 nM . (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159531); Black: Linker (HY-159538); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-9 (Compound I-503) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-9 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 <100 nM . (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W006635); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-5 (Compound I-437) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2 and SMARCA4. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-5 degrades SMARCA2 in MV411 and in A549 with DC50 <100 nM, degrades SMARCA4 in MV411 with DC50 of 100-500 nM. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-159557); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-8 (Compound I-502) is a PROTAC degrader for catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexSMARCA2. PROTAC SMARCA2/4-degrader-8 degrades SMARCA2 with DC50 <100 nM in A549 and in MV411, degrades SMARCA4 with DC50<100 nM in MV411(Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-159545); Black: Linker (HY-W063924); Blue: Ligand for E3 ligase (S,R,S)-AHPC (HY-125845))
18:0-18:1 PG sodium is a hydrogenated phospholipid that contributes to the stability of photosystem I and II protein complexes and plays a role in bacterial defense mechanisms, featuring two extra methylene groups in its saturated sn-1 chain, and is present in the thylakoid membranes of higher plants and cyanobacteria.
Human ACVR1C mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C) protein, a type I receptor for the TGFB family of signaling molecules. Upon ligand binding, type I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors.
Human IGFBP3 mRNA encodes the human insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) protein, a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family. IGFBP3 can form a ternary complex with insulin-like growth factor acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) and either insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II. In this form, it circulates in the plasma, prolonging the half-life of IGFs and altering their interaction with cell surface receptors.
Human ACVR2A mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) protein, a member of the TGFB family. ACVR2A mediates signaling by forming heterodimeric complexes with various combinations of type I and type II receptors and ligands in a cell-specific manner. It may be associated with susceptibility to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disease which can result in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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