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DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin 1 channels.
Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin), is a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist. Resiniferatoxin can be isolated from the Euphorbia resinifera plant. Resiniferatoxin eliminates TRPV1+ primary sensory afferents and blunt cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex for a relatively long period .
GSK1016790A is a potent and selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel agonist. GSK1016790A can elicit Ca 2+ influx and elevate intracellular Ca 2+ in HEK cells .
(-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca 2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca 2+]i . Antitumor activity .
AZD4573 is a potent and highly selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50 of <4 nM) that enables transient target engagement for the treatment of hematologic malignancies .
Hydroxy-α-sanshool is a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool can be used for pain research .
Icilin (AG-3-5) is a super-agonist of the transient receptor potential M8 (TRPM8) ion channel. Icilin activates TRPM8 in EGTA in a dose-dependent manner (EC50=1.4 μM). Icilin is a "super-cooling agent" . Icilin attenuates autoimmune neuroinflammation through modulation of the T-cell response .
AMP-PNP (Adenylyl imidodiphosphate) lithium hydrate is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog. AMP-PNP lithium hydrate binds to ATP binding sites competely but is not hydrolyzed by enzymes, providing stable experimental conditions for studying ATP-dependent processes. AMP-PNP lithium hydrate can also be used to study enzyme activity, kinase regulation, DNA/RNA metabolism, ion channel function, and protein complex assembly .
BCTC is an orally active current inhibitor of vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1). BCTC is a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist. BCTC is an insulin sensitizer and secretor. BCTC has anticancer and analgesic effects .
GSK2798745 is a potent, selective, and orally active transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel blocker with IC50s of 1.8 and 1.6 nM for hTRPV4 and rTRPV4, respectively. GSK2798745 can be used in cardiac and respiratory diseases research .
Disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP disodium salt) is a nucleotide-based umami agent. Disodium 5'-inosinate can bind to umami receptors and stimulate taste nerves, allowing the brain to perceive umami. In addition, Disodium 5'-inosinate produces a transient behavioral excitement in mice .
SPQ is a fluorescent dye. SPQ can be used to measure chloride ion concentration transients and transport rates in vesicles, cells, and even intact epithelium .
TRPM4-IN-2 (NBA) is a potent transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM. TRPM4-IN-2 can be used for researching prostate cancer and colorectal cancer .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
TC-I 2014 (compound 5) is a potent and orally active Benzimidazole-containing transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist, with IC50 values of 0.8 nM, 3.0 nM and 4.4 nM for canine, human and rat channels respectively. TC-I 2014 exhibits antiallodynic properties in pain models .
CBHcy is an inhibitor for betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BGMT), with an IC50 of 0.09 μM. CBHcy upregulates the plasma total homocysteine and causes transient hyperhomocysteinemia in mice model .
Probenecid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Probenecid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin 1 channels.
4-PPBP maleate is a potent σ 1 receptor ligand and agonist. 4-PPBP maleate is a non-competitive, selective NR1a/2B NMDA receptors (expressed in Xenopus oocytes) antagonist. 4-PPBP maleate provides neuroprotection .
Evifacotrep, a short transient receptor potential channel 5 and 4 (TRPC5/TRPC4) antagonist (WO2020061162, compound 100), can be used for the research of neurological diseases. Evifacotrep targets to TRPC5/TRPC4 with IC50s ≤50 nM .
NP10679 is a selective, pH dependent GluN2B subunit-specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor with high oral bioavailability and good brain penetration. NP10679 inhibits GluN2B with IC50s of 23 and 142 nM at pH 6.9 and 7.6, respectively. NP10679 is a histamine H1 antagonist and a hERG channel inhibitor with IC50s of 73 and 620 nM, respectively. NP10679 is a reversible inhibitor of human liver CYP enzymes .
Apecotrep (TRPC6-IN-3) (compound 17) is a potent, orally active transient receptor potential C6 ion channel (TRPC6) inhibitor. Apecotrep modulates not only intracellular calcium concentration, but also membrane potential by modulating the flux of cations including calcium and sodium ions. Apecotrep can be used in research of respiratory system .
Supercinnamaldehyde is a potent transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activator with an EC50 value of 0.8 μM. Supercinnamaldehyde activates TRPA1 ion channels through covalent modification of cysteines .
DM-Nitrophen is a photolabile caged calcium compound that acts as a calcium releaser. DM-Nitrophen binds Ca 2+ with high affinity and Mg 2+ with considerable affinity before photolysis. DM-Nitrophen releases Ca 2+ into the cytosol upon ultraviolet light irradiation. DM-Nitrophen induces calcium concentration pulses, triggers cytosolic calcium transients, promotes calcium-dependent exocytosis. DM-Nitrophen can be used for the research of calcium-dependent cellular processes .
6-Fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with EEG recording electrodes .
Tivanisiran (SYL1001) is a siRNA used for the study of dry eye disease. Tivanisiran was designed to silence transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) mRNA .
N-Arachidonoyl Taurine is an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid TRPV1 and TRPV4, with EC50s value of 28 μM and 21 μM, respectively .
AMG 7905 is a hypothermia-inducing transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist. AMG 7905 potentiates TRPV1 channels activation by protons and drives the reflectory inhibition of thermogenesis and tail-skin vasoconstriction, while potently blocking channel activation by capsaicin .
8-Br-cADPR (8-Bromo-Cyclic ADP-Ribose), a cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (cADPR) antagonist, is a TRPM2 ion channel antagonist. 8-Br-cADPR reduces renal damage and the expression of caspase-3 and TRPM2 .
2′-Deoxy-ADPR is an agonist for transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel (TRPM2 channel). 2′-Deoxy-ADPR may acts as the signaling molecule in Jurkat T-lymphocytes .
SOR-C13 acetate is the acetate salt form of SOR-C13 (HY-P1651). SOR-C13 acetate is an antagonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV 6), with an IC50 of 14 nM. SOR-C13 acetate inhibits tumor growth in SKOV-3 xenograft mouse model .
Lyso Flipper-TR 29 is a Flipper probe that can label lysosomes. Lyso Flipper-TR 29 enters lysosomes and late endosomes by transient deprotonation to cross their membranes in neutral form .
DFL23448 is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) antagonist. DFL23448 shows IC50 values of 10 and 21 nM in hTRPM8 human embryonic kidney 293 cells activated by Cooling Agent 10 or cold. DFL23448 has limited activity (IC50 >10 μM) at transient receptor potential vanilloids TRPV1, TRPA1, or TRPV4 or at various G protein-coupled receptors. DFL23448 can modify bladder function and reduce bladder overactivity in awake rats .
Probenecid-d14 is the deuterium labeled Probenecid. Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin 1 channels .
EP 80317 is a selective CD36 ligand. EP 80317 protects the heart against damage and dysfunction elicited by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R), along with a transient reduction in peripheral lipolysis. EP 80317 can be used for the study of cardiovascular disease .
JNJ-38893777 is an orally active and highly selective transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist. JNJ-38893777 inhibits neuronal hyperactivation and reduces inflammatory hyperalgesia. JNJ-38893777 is promising for research of migraine headaches, neuropathic and inflammatory pain .
NFPS is a selective, non-competitive glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitor with IC50s of 2.8 nM and 9.8 nM for hGlyT1 and rGlyT1, respectively . NFPS exerts neuroprotection via glyR alpha1 subunit in the rat model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion .
hTRPA1-IN-1 (19), a norsesterterpenoid that can be isolated from the Marine Sponge Diacarnus spinipoculum, is an inhibitor of transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), with an IC50 of 2 μM .
Murpanicin (murraxocin) is a coumarin that is a thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel inhibitor. Murpanicin has significant anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects.
ABT-116 is an orally active antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). ABT-116 has analgesic efficacy. ABT-116 can be used for the research of neurological disease .
JTS-653 is a highly potent and selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist in vitro and in vivo. JTS-653 attenuates chronic pain refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents .
5-Nitro-1H-indazole-3-carbonitrile (DL0805) is a Rho kinase(ROCK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.67 μM for ROCK-I. 5-Nitro-1H-indazole-3-carbonitrile reduces Norepinephrine (HY-13715)-induced transient contraction and inhibits contraction induced by increasing external calcium in the endothelium-denuded rings of rat models. 5-Nitro-1H-indazole-3-carbonitrile has a vasorelaxant activity but high toxicity. 5-Nitro-1H-indazole-3-carbonitrile can be used for cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension research .
Succinate calcium is a key intermediate product of the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle). Succinate calcium can act as a specific ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR91. Succinate calcium can increase the amplitude of calcium transient in cardiac muscle cells and accelerate the decay rate of calcium transient. Succinate calcium can induce myocardial apoptosis .
A 131701 is a selective α1a- (Ki: 0.22 nM for human α1a) and α1d-adrenoceptor antagonist. A 131701 antagonizes epinephrine-induced increases in intraurethral pressure (IUP). A 131701 causes transient decreases in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and transient tachycardia. A 131701 can be used in the research of spontaneous hypertension .
6-Fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with EEG recording electrodes .
BCTC (Standard) is the analytical standard of BCTC. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. BCTC is an orally active current inhibitor of vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1). BCTC is a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist. BCTC is an insulin sensitizer and secretor. BCTC has anticancer and analgesic effects .
RN-9893 Hydrochloride is an orally active antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), with IC50 values of 0.42 and 0.66 μM, for humans and rats, respectively .
Olvanil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Olvanil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Olvanil (NE-19550) is an analgesic and an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels with an EC50 of 0.7 nM .
Neuroprotective agent 3 (Compound 21a) is an antioxidant that exhibits neuroprotective effects. Neuroprotective agent 3 significantly increases neuronal viability and induces neuroprotection, as well as improves neurological deficit scores in an in vivo model of transient cerebral ischemia .
AMG0347 is a transient receptor potential type V1 receptor antagonist. AMG0347 inhibits activation of the rat TRPV1 channel by heat (IC50 = 0.2 nm), protons (IC50= 0.8 nm), or capsaicin (IC50 = 0.7 nm) .
Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester, a Prostaglandin Glycerol Ester, is an endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ .
DPNB-ABT594 is a nitrobenzyl-caged ABT594 (HY-14316A) and activates nAChRs containing the α4β2 subunits with good selectivity than the α7 subunit. DPNB-ABT594 can be used to map the distribution of nAChRs on neurons of the medial habenula (MHb) and helps to gain a deeper understanding of the nAChR-mediated Ca 2+ signalling in the MHb .
Niravoline (RU51599) is an arginine vasopressin (AVP) release inhibitor and a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist. Niravoline has a pure water diuresis effect without associated electrolyte excretion. Niravoline can reduce brain oedema following transient forebrain ischaemia in rats .
TRPV1 antagonist 6 (compound 51) is a mode-selective antagonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1), which shows antagonism with IC50 of 2.85 nM to capsaicin activation and 28.48 % inhibition against proton activation at a 3 µM concentration .
AMG 7905 TFA is a hypothermia-inducing transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist. AMG 7905 TFA potentiates TRPV1 channels activation by protons and drives the reflectory inhibition of thermogenesis and tail-skin vasoconstriction, while potently blocking channel activation by capsaicin .
TRPC5-IN-6 (Compound 12) is an orally effective transient receptor potential (TRPC5) inhibitor with a IC50 value of 81 nM. TRPC5-IN-6 has good biosafety and low liver and kidney toxicity, and is expected to play an important role in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .
(-)-Menthol-d4 is the deuterium labeled (-)-Menthol (HY-75161). (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i . Antitumor activity .
Transient pfp-activated mPEG-linker reagent (Compound 17b) is a kind of transient pfp-activated mPEG linker agent. Transient pfp-activated mPEG-linker reagent can be used for the study of growth hormone deficiency .
GSK3491943 is an antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) ion channel. GSK3491943 is applicable to research related to pulmonary edema induced by heart failure .
TRPC3-IN-1 is a human transient receptor potential canonical 3 (hTRPC3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.09 μM. TRPC3-IN-1 inhibits hTRPC3-mediated currents. TRPC3-IN-1 is applicable to research related to diseases such as epilepsy .
BmP02 is a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker and a highly-selective Kv4.2 modulator, which can be isolated from Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom. BmP02 also delays the inactivation of Kv4.2 in HEK293T cells, with an EC50 value of ~850 nM. BmP02 inhibits the transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in ventricular muscle cells .
AAPDARETA is a mutated MHC-associated peptide with reduced binding affinity to H-2D b MHC molecules. AAPDARETA activates subsets of mouse main olfactory epithelium sensory neurons and induces Ca 2+transients .
Neotetrazolium chloride is a photoreducible tetrazolium dye. Neotetrazolium chloride undergoes photoreduction to form a stable red monoformazan via a transient tetrazolinyl radical-tetrazolium intermediate upon UV exposure. Neotetrazolium chloride can be as a UV dosimeter .
Ponometrep (BHV-2100) is a transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) antagonist with IC50 values of 1-10 nM. Ponometrep shows analgesic activity and can be used for the research of neurological diseases .
AM-0883 is a TRPC6 (Transient receptor potential canonical 6) agonist (hTRPC6EC50 = 46 nM). AM-0083 can be used for the study of cardiac and renal diseases .
Nuarimol is a fungicide used for plant protection in agriculture. Nuarimol is a phenobarbital-type inducer of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. It triggers transient but robust regenerative hepatocyte proliferation accompanied by hepatomegaly by causing reversible hepatocellular injury .
Topoisomerase I, Human (EC 5.99.1.2) relaxes supercoiled DNA molecules. Topoisomerase I, Human (EC 5.99.1.2) initiates transient breakages and rejoins of phosphodiester bonds in superhelical turns of closed-circular DNA.
AMG2850 (Standard) is the analytical standard of AMG2850 (HY-104059). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AMG2850 is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist .
Siagoside is an inner ester of Ganglioside GM1 (HY-N10546). Siagoside selectively attenuates morphological and functional striatal impairments induced by transient forebrain ischemia in rats. Siagoside can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as acute cerebral ischemia .
DOTAP-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
EP 80317 acetate is a selective CD36 ligand. EP 80317 acetate protects the heart against damage and dysfunction elicited by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R), along with a transient reduction in peripheral lipolysis. EP 80317 acetate can be used for the study of cardiovascular disease .
Pyr3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyr3 (HY-108465). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyr3 is a selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential canonical channel 3 (TRPC3), with an IC50 of 700 nM for TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx.
SB-705498 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SB-705498 (HY-10633). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SB-705498 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor antagonist with a pIC50 of 7.1.
Trifunctional sphingosine is a clickable sphingoid base derivative. Trifunctional sphingosine can be used to study the biological function of sphingoid bases. Trifunctional lipids may overcome several challenges in interrogating lipid biology: their fast metabolism, their weak and transient (but functionally important) interactions with proteins, and the difficulty in tagging them without disturbing the cellular location .
AM-0902 (Standard) is the analytical standard of AM-0902 (HY-108329). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AM-0902 is a potent, selective transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) antagonist with IC50s of 71 and 131 nM for rTRPA1 and hTRPA1, respectively.
Calhex 231 is a potent negative allosteric modulator that blocks (IC50 = 0.39 μM) increases in [ 3H]inositol phosphates elicited by activating the human wild-type CaSRtransiently Ca 2+-sensing receptor. Calhex 231 can be used in the study of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) .
MDR-652 is a highly specific and efficacious transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand with agonist activity. The Kis are 11.4 and 23.8 nM for hTRPV1 and rTRPV1, respectively. The EC50s are 5.05 and 93 nM for hTRPV1 and rTRPV1, respectively. Potent topical analgesic activity .
SPX-101 (SX001) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CLDN18.2. CLDN18.2 is only transiently expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa and is hardly found in healthy tissues, thus having an extremely wide therapeutic window. SPX-101 can be used for the study of solid tumors.
Calhex 231 hydrochloride is a potent negative allosteric modulator that blocks (IC50 = 0.39 μM) increases in [ 3H]inositol phosphates elicited by activating the human wild-type CaSRtransiently Ca 2+-sensing receptor. Calhex 231 hydrochloride can be used in the study of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) .
TFB-TBOA (CF3-Bza-TBOA) is a potent glutamate transporter blocker that potently suppresses the activity of glial transporters. TFB-TBOA shows IC50 values of 22, 17, and 300 nM for glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3 respectively in an uptake assay using cells transiently expressing EAATs .
(-)-Menthol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Menthol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i . Antitumor activity .
2-Fluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile is a building block, which can be used to synthesize L. infantum trypanothione reductase (Li-TryR) dimerization and oxidoreductase activity inhibitors. 2-Fluoro-4-iodo benzonitrile can also be used to synthesize transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists .
TRPC3/6-IN-1 is a potent selectivity blocker of the canonical transient receptor channels (TRPC3/6), has block potency for hTRPC3 and hTRPC6 with IC50 values of 1260 nM and 500 nM, respectively. TRPC3/6-IN-1 can be used for the research of chronic models of heart failure .
Cannabidiorcol (CBDO, CBD-C1, O-1821) is related to cannabidiol, with the pentyl side chain shortened to a methyl group. Cannabidiorcol has low affinity for cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and is an agonist of the transient receptor potential channel (TRP channel), through which it produces antiinflammatory effects, but can also promote tumorigenesis at high concentrations .
RN-1747 is a selective transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) agonist, with EC50 values are 0.77 μM, 4.0 μM and 4.1 μM for hTRPV4, mTRPV4 and rTRPV4 respectively. RN-1747 also antagonizes TRPM8, with an IC50 of 4 μM .
5-Hydroxy Propafenone (hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of cardiac myocyte repolarizing currents. 5-Hydroxy Propafenone is an active metabolite of propafenone. 5-Hydroxy Propafenone (hydrochloride) inhibits transient outward potassium current (Ito) in isolated human arterial myocytes with an IC50 of 1.5 μM. 5-Hydroxy Propafenone (hydrochloride) is potent Ito inhibitor in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes .
N-Arachidonoylserotonin (Arachidonyl serotonin; AA-5-HT) is a potent fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1~12 µM. N-Arachidonoylserotonin acts also as an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) channels (IC50=70~100 nM). N-Arachidonoylserotonin is analgesic in rodents .
ADM 12 is a highly selective transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel antagonist. ADM 12 blocks nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced trigeminal hyperalgesia in animal models, reducing expression of pain-related genes (c-Fos, TRPA1) and neuropeptides (CGRP, SP). ADM_12 is promising for research of migraine and neuropathic pain .
M8-B is a potent transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) antagonist. M8-B blocks cold-induced and TRPM8-agonist-induced activation TRPM8 channels. M8-B decreases deep body temperature (Tb) .
WYJ-2 is a selective agonist for toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) with EC50 of 18.57 nM in human TLR2 and TLR1 transient-cotransfected HEK 293T cells. WYJ-2 induces pyroptosis and exhibits anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .
K6PC-5, a ceramide derivative, is a sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1) activator and elicites a rapid transient increase in intracellular calcium levels. K6PC-5 has the potential for skin diseases involving abnormal keratinocyte, and neurodegeneration and virus infection research .
α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) (α-Tubulin Tail) is a Microtubule growth inhibitor. α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) transiently interacts with the longitudinal polymerization interface of α-tubulin, regulating the apparent association and dissociation rates of tubulin at the microtubule growing end. α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) inhibits microtubule growth .
Hydroxy-α-sanshool (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxy-α-sanshool. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxy-α-sanshool is a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool can be used for pain research .
TRPM2-IN-1 (compound D10) is a potent TRPM2 inhibitor. TRPM2-IN-1 exhibits antistroke activity and significant neuroprotective effect. TRPM2-IN-1 can be used in the study of ischemic stroke .
TAK-075 is an orally active CaSR antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.94 nM. TAK-075 can stimulate the transient secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in rats and can effectively prevent a significant reduction in PTH secretion caused by the accumulation of active metabolites, maintaining the normal secretion pattern of PTH. TAK-075 can be used in the research of metabolic diseases and osteoporosis .
Caraphenol A is a resveratrol trimer and is able to transiently reduce interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein expression. Caraphenol A safely enhances lentiviral vector gene delivery to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells . Caraphenol A also inhibits human cystathionine β-synthase (hCBS) and human cystathionine γ- lyase (hCSE) with IC50s of 5.9 μM and 12.1 μM, respectively .
Acetyljujuboside B is a saponin. Acetyljujuboside B can be isolated from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa. Acetyljujuboside B inhibits Ca 2+ influx. Acetyljujuboside B shows only sustained vasorelaxant effects, with no transient effect on NE-induced vasoconstrictions. Acetyljujuboside B inhibits histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by the antigen-antibody reaction .
DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOTAP chloride is a cationic lipid with good membrane fusion ability and biocompatibility. DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) can be used as an excipient for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) without the use of helper lipid .
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptors. The affinity (Kis) of Lesogaberan for rat GABAB and GABAA receptors, as measured by displacement of [ 3H]GABA binding in brain membranes: 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Lesogaberan inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation through a peripheral mode of action .
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) hydrochloride is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptor. The affinity (Kis) of Lesogaberan hydrochloride for rat GABAB and GABAA receptors, as measured by displacement of [ 3H]GABA binding in brain membranes: 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Lesogaberan hydrochloride inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation through a peripheral mode of action .
V116517 is a potent, orally active transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) antagonist. V116517 shows potent activity in inhibiting both capsaicin (CAP)- and acid (pH 5)-induced currents in rat DRG neurons expressing native TRPV (IC50=423.2 nM for CAP; IC50=180.3 nM for acid). V116517 can be used for the research of pain .
TRPC5-IN-1 (Compound 6j) is a selective TRPC5 inhibitor with 50.5 % Inhibition for TRPC5 at 3 μM. TRPC5-IN-1 can be used for the research of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .
TRPV1-Tat is an antagonistic peptide that fuses the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilla subtype 1) of the cell-penetrating peptide Tat. TRPV1-Tat blocks this phosphorylation process by competitively binding to the AKAP79 binding site of TRPV1, thereby inhibiting the sensitization of TRPV1. TRPV1-Tat can be used in the study of inflammatory pain .
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
JYL-273 analog-1 (Compound 28, Example 45) is a potent transient receptor potential ion channel (TRP channel) (TRPV1) agonist (Ki = 10.8 nM). JYL-273 analog-1 has analgesic activity (PBQ-induced writhing test: ED50 = 1.0 mg/kg). JYL-273 analog-1 can be used for analgesia studies .
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) napadisylate is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptors. The affinity (Kis) of Lesogaberan napadisylate for rat GABAB and GABAA receptors, as measured by displacement of [ 3H]GABA binding in brain membranes: 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Lesogaberan napadisylate inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation through a peripheral mode of action .
Exendin-P5 is a selective agonist that targets the GLP-1R. Exendin-P5 promotes rapid activation of G proteins by transient interactions with the transmembrane domain of GLP-1R, enhancing its potency in G protein-mediated signaling and accelerating cAMP production. This mechanism suggests the potential application of Exendin-P5 in the study of metabolic diseases .
NU-PRO-1 is a covalent Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) PROTAC degrader. NU-PRO-1 induces transient, VHL- and proteasome-dependent proteasomal degradation of TERT in cancer cells. NU-PRO-1 delays DNA repair in irradiated cancer cells without inducing DNA damage on its own. NU-PRO-1 can be used for the research of cancer .
Citrullinated amyloid-β (1-40) peptide (human) (Citrullinated Aβ (1-40)) is a modified form of β-Amyloid (1-40) (HY-P0265) with a citrullination at the Arg5 site. Citrullinated amyloid-β (1-40) peptide (human) exhibits increased transient formation of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates composed of distorted parallel β-sheets compared with unmodified β-Amyloid (1-40) .
Neuroprotective Agent 6 (Compound Y12) is a neuroprotective agent with antioxidant activity and capabilities in DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging. Neuroprotective Agent 6 demonstrates superior neuroprotective effects in both cellular models induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and animal models induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Additionally, Neuroprotective Agent 6 exhibits significant metal chelating activity towards Cu 2+ .
(E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) is one of the major hemolytic decomposition products of lipid hydroperoxides. (E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a major product of the FeII-mediated breakdown of lipid hydroperoxides. (E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a potent transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist .
YM-202074 is a selective, allosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) antagonist with high affinity. YM-202074 binds to the allosteric site of rat mGluR1 with a Ki of 4.8 nM. YM-202074 fumarate also inhibits mGluR1-mediated inositol phosphate production in rat cerebellar granule cells with an IC50 of 8.6 nM. YM-202074 has potent neuroprotective effects in transient MCA (tMCA) occlusion rat models .
Tedisamil (KC-8857) is an antiarrhythmic compound with important biological activities. Tedisamil exhibits a significant slowing effect on heart rate, which is achieved by inhibiting the transient outward potassium current (I(to)) in the atrium. Tedisamil inhibits multiple potassium currents, including IK, K(ATP), and PKA-activated chloride channels, thereby prolonging the cardiac action potential and QT interval, and increasing cardiac reentry. Tedisamil has antiarrhythmic effects on ventricular arrhythmias and atrial flutter in animal models .
N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is a N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone triggers a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induces nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots .
Calhex 231 hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Calhex 231 hydrochloride (HY-103320A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Calhex 231 hydrochloride is a potent negative allosteric modulator that blocks (IC50 = 0.39 μM) increases in [3H]inositol phosphates elicited by activating the human wild-type CaSR transiently Ca2+-sensing receptor. Calhex 231 hydrochloride can be used in the study of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) .
Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC50=32 nM) . Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC50 values of 4.9 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively . Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis .
MEN-91507 is an orally activecysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) receptor antagonist. MEN-91507 behaves as insurmountable antagonist of Leukotriene D4 (HY-113456)-induced calcium transients, with a pKb of 10.25. MEN-91507 can inhibit Leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and microvascular leakage in guinea-pigs. MEN-91507 can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology .
EP39 is a potent HIV-1 maturation inhibitor. EP39 interacts with the SP1 domain of Gag. EP39 decreases the dynamics of CA-SP1 junction, by binding to the QVT motif of the SP1 domain, and perturbs the natural coil-helix equilibrium on both sides of the SP1 domain by stabilizing the transient alpha helical structure. EP39 acts by arresting maturation of HIV-1 thereby blocking its infectivity .
α-Spinasterol is an orally taken antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( TRPV1), and it's also an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively. α-Spinasterol exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antioxidant effects, has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can improve diabetes in mice .
YM-202074 fumarate is a selective, allosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) antagonist with high affinity. YM-202074 fumarate binds to the allosteric site of rat mGluR1 with a Ki of 4.8 nM. YM-202074 fumarate also inhibits mGluR1-mediated inositol phosphate production in rat cerebellar granule cells with an IC50 of 8.6 nM. YM-202074 fumarate has potent neuroprotective effects in transient MCA (tMCA) occlusion rat models .
Tedisamil (KC-8857) dihydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic compound with important biological activities. Tedisamil dihydrochloride exhibits a significant slowing effect on heart rate, which is achieved by inhibiting the transient outward potassium current (I(to)) in the atrium. Tedisamil dihydrochloride inhibits multiple potassium currents, including IK, K(ATP), and PKA-activated chloride channels, thereby prolonging the cardiac action potential and QT interval, and increasing cardiac reentry. Tedisamil dihydrochloride has antiarrhythmic effects on ventricular arrhythmias and atrial flutter in animal models .
Imdevimab (REGN10987) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets SARS-CoV-2 virus. Imdevimab can be used in combination with Casirivimab (HY-P99341) to reduce viral load and transiently increases anti-receptor-binding domain IgG titers. Imdevimab maintains most of its neutralization activity against viruses with B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and mink cluster 5 spike proteins .
SW016789 is a hypersecretion-inducer targeting VDAC1. SW016789 can induce insulin hypersecretion and Ca 2+ influx in β-cells directly. SW016789 induces a transient endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ER stress), but does not cause beta cell death. SW016789 has reversible and non-apoptotic characteristics. SW016789 can be used for the study of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) β-cell dysfunction .
MNI-caged-NMDA is a light-sensitive amino acid with rapid release properties suitable for use in the study of fast synaptic receptor mechanisms. MNI-caged-NMDA shows metered release of NMDA receptors, inducing rapid and sustained receptor activation in cerebellar interneurons. MNI-caged-NMDA is able to achieve rapid transient responses and generate large inward currents by local laser photolysis. The use of MNI-caged-NMDA can effectively study neurotransmitter signaling and its inhibitory effects on GABA-A receptors .
α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts .
20-HEPE is a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid formed by ω-oxidation of EPA by cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-oxidases, including human CYP4F3B. At 10 μM, it activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in COS-7 cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene. 20-HEPE also activates mouse transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (mTRPV1) in vitro but lacks analgesic activity in rats.
α-L-Rhamnose is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts .
Gambogic amide is a potent and selective agonist of TrkA and also induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling, including Akt and MAPK. Gambogic amide specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of the TrkA receptor and triggers its dimerization, leading to activation. Gambogic amide has neuroprotective activity preventing glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Gambogic amide has improved efficacy in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke and could be used to study neurodegenerative diseases and stroke .
TRPM2-IN-2 is a potent and selective TRPM2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.66 μM) with minimal activity against TRPM8 and TRPV1 (IC50 >10 μM). TRPM2-IN-2 exhibits robust neuroprotective effects in both in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model and in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. TRPM2-IN-2 can be used for ischemic stroke research .
DM-Nitrophen tertasodium is a photolabile caged calcium compound that acts as a calcium releaser. DM-Nitrophen tertasodium binds Ca 2+ with high affinity and Mg 2+ with considerable affinity before photolysis. DM-Nitrophen tertasodium releases Ca 2+ into the cytosol upon ultraviolet light irradiation. DM-Nitrophen tertasodium induces calcium concentration pulses, triggers cytosolic calcium transients, promotes calcium-dependent exocytosis. DM-Nitrophen tertasodium can be used for the research of calcium-dependent cellular processes .
A-425619 is an orally active and selective transient receptor potential type V1 (TRPV1) antagonist. A-425619 blocks Capsaicin (HY-10448)- and N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA)-induced Ca 2+ influx in dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. A-425619 relieves pathophysiological pain associated with inflammation and tissue injury in rats. A-425619 can be used for the study of pain related to inflammation and tissue injury .
Dihydrocapsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydrocapsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
Thiamine triphosphoric acid ester (Thiamine triphosphate) is a neuroactive compound and a triphosphate derivative of vitamin thiamine. Thiamine triphosphoric acid ester exists in microorganisms, animal organs and plants. In E. coli, Thiamine triphosphoric acid ester is transiently produced under amino acid deficiency, while in mammalian cells, it is continuously produced at a low rate. Thiamine triphosphoric acid ester can be synthesized by two distinct enzymes (cytosolic AK1 and FoF1-ATP synthase in brain mitochondria). Thiamine triphosphoric acid ester plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism or cellular signal transduction .
Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester-d5 (PGE2-1-glyceyl ester-d5) is deuterium labeled Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester, a Prostaglandin Glycerol Ester, is an endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ .
JNJ-55511118 is a selective TARP γ-8 binding AMPA receptor modulator with oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability, with a Ki of 26 nM. JNJ-55511118 reduces voluntary intake of sweetened alcohol in male mice. In rodent models, JNJ-55511118 inhibits hippocampal neurotransmission, reduces specific electroencephalogram frequency bands, induces transient hyperlocomotion, impairs learning and memory abilities, and exerts anticonvulsant effects. JNJ-55511118 is applicable to research related to alcohol use disorder and seizures .
Lesogaberan (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lesogaberan (hydrochloride) (HY-10061B). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) hydrochloride is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptor. The affinity (Kis) of Lesogaberan hydrochloride for rat GABAB and GABAA receptors, as measured by displacement of [3H]GABA binding in brain membranes: 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Lesogaberan hydrochloride inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation through a peripheral mode of action .
Azaperone is an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor (Dopamine D2 Receptor) and α-adrenergic receptor (AR). Azaperone reduces vasomotor tone, mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and etorphine-induced duration; induces transient tachycardia followed by bradycardia, splenic uptake of red blood cells, and sedation; alters animal behaviors; and produces sedation with distinct onset and duration in foals. Azaperone is used for sedation and tranquilization in various animals to reduce stress and aggressive behaviors, and serves as a preanesthetic agent .
Necrocide 1, a necrosis by sodium overload (NECSO) inducer, is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) agonist with an EC50 of 306.3 nM for human TRPM4. Necrocide 1 triggers TRPM4-dependent necrotic cell death through the induction of sodium influx. Necrocide 1 induces hallmarks of immunogenic cell death incurring calreticulin (CALR) exposure, ATP secretion and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. Necrocide 1 can be used for the study of breast and prostate cancer .
Propafenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propafenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC50=32 nM) . Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC50 values of 4.9 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively . Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis .
TRPV1 antagonist 9 (compound 13c) is an orally active transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist. TRPV1 antagonist 9 blocks Ca 2+ uptake by CHO cells expressing TRPV1 receptors with IC50 values are 0.6 and 0.8 nM for Capsaicin (HY-10448) and acid-induced Ca 2+ uptake, respectively. TRPV1 antagonist 9 blocks Capsaicin (HY-10448)-induced flinch response and causes hyperthermia in rats .
BCMA CAR mRNA can express the CAR protein targeting human BCMA. BCMA CAR mRNA can trigger the transient expression of CAR, enabling T cells to be targeted without the need for permanent genetic modification. BCMA is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 17 (TNFRSF17), also known as B-cell maturation antigen (CD269), which promotes B-cell survival and plays a role in regulating humoral immunity. BCMA is highly expressed in multiple myeloma and is a biomarker for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
Dihydrocapsaicin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361) . Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
ML204 is a potent, selective TRPC4/TRPC5 channel inhibitor, with at least 19-fold selectivity against TRPC6 and no appreciable effect on all other TRP channels, nor on voltage-gated sodium, potassium, or Ca 2+ channels .
ML204 hydrochloride is a novel, potent, selective TRPC4/TRPC5 channel inhibitor, with at least 19-fold selectivity against TRPC6 and no appreciable effect on all other TRP channels, nor on voltage-gated sodium, potassium, or Ca 2+ channels .
Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain.1 During mass spectral lipidomic analysis of rat brain, a series of fatty acyl amides of a third amino acid, taurine, is discovered.2 This novel class of compounds is present in kidney and activates members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels.3 N-Stearoyl taurine is a prominent amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain during lipidomics profiling.
Flucopride (Compound 4a) is an AChE inhibitor (IC50: 24 nM), and a partial 5-HT4R agonist (Ki: 9.6 nM for (h)5-HT4R). Flucopride promotes the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in COS-7 transiently expressing (h)5-HT4R (EC50: 23.0 nM). Flucopride may has good gastrointestinal track (GIT) penetration, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) cross-membrane penetration (PAMPA assay) .
Fmoc-Leucine (N-FMOC-leucine) is an anti-inflammatory agent that not only promotes extracellular Ca 2+ influx but also facilitates intracellular Ca 2+ release. Fmoc-Leucine is a selective ligand for PPARγ (Ki = 15 μM), exhibiting insulin-sensitizing effects but with weak fatogenic activity. Fmoc-Leucine exhibits unique self-assembly properties and can form transient gels, stable gels, or crystals/2D sheets through different pathways. Fmoc-Leucine can be used in the research of diabetes, colitis, and bladder cancer .
Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serine, have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain.1 During mass spectral lipidomics analysis of rat brain, a series of fatty acyl amides of a third amino acid, taurine, were discovered.2 This novel class of compounds is present in kidney and activates members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels.3 N-Oleoyl taurine is an amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain that may activate TRPV1 and TRPV4.
Kojic amine is an orally active γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog. Kojic amine acts as a GABA mimic that inhibits sodium-independent [ 3H]GABA binding to rat brain cell membranes. Kojic amine reduces flexor spasms in chronic spinal rat and cat models. Kojic amine prevents tonic extensor convulsions in mice. Kojic amine produces a transient, dose-dependent analgesic effect in the mouse hot-plate test. Kojic amine can be used in research related to skeletal muscle spasm, epilepsy and analgesia [1][2]
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells . Serum levels of 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine are elevated in patients with malignant breast cancer compared to healthy controls .
RIPK1-IN-33 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable and orally active RIPK1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.115 μM. RIPK1-IN-33 demonstrates remarkable anti-ferroptosis activity, radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 123.3 μM), and anti-lipid peroxidation effects (IC50 = 9.72 μM). RIPK1-IN-33 markedly reduces cerebral infarction volume and improves neurological function scores in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model. RIPK1-IN-33 can be used for the study of ischemic stroke .
4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD) is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) agonist. 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate can promote Ca 2+ influx, induce ATP release and function as an osmoreceptor. 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate can inhibit water intake and increase maximal micturition pressure in rats. 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) .
Iron (II) chloride (Ferrofloc) is an active radical polymerization initiator, which is a transition metal chloride composed of Fe 2+ and Cl − ions. The ion association constant logKFeCl2 of Iron (II) chloride is −0.89. In acidic aqueous solutions, Iron (II) chloride forms solvated Fe 2++2Cl − ions as well as FeCl ++Cl − ion pairs. Without the addition of aluminum compounds, Iron (II) chloride drives the living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate by generating transient radical growing species through homolytic reversible cleavage of the carbon-halogen end groups of organic halide initiators .
TLQP-62 (mouse,rat) is a secreted C-terminal peptide that can be derived from protein VGF. TLQP-62 activates the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, inducing acute, transient phosphorylation of TrkB receptor and downstream CREB (Ser133) phosphorylation. TLQP-62 demonstrates excellent efficacy in promoting long-term fear memory formationin wild-type mice and reversing memory impairment in VGF heterozygous knock-out mice. TLQP-62 can be used for the study of memory-related neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia) .
A-61603 is a selective α1A/α1a-adrenergic receptor agonist with Ki of 8.89 nM for rat submaxillary gland α1A, Ki of 30.5 nM for cloned bovine α1a. A-61603 potentiates Ca 2+transients with EC50 of 6.9 nM. A-61603 stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis, induces contractile responses in vas deferens, prostate strips, and spleen strips, and exhibits low activity in aortic rings. A-61603 can be used for research on adrenergic function .
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
DKFZ-251 is a kininogenase-related peptidase KLK6 inhibitor (IC50=0.47 μM), and also exhibits certain inhibitory activity against KLK5 and KLK7 (IC50 values are 1.1 nM and 73 nM, respectively). DKFZ-251 transiently acylates the catalytic serine of KLK6 to form a long-lived acyl-enzyme complex that inhibits enzyme function. DKFZ-251 is a phenotypic modulator that alters cell proliferation capacity and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). DKFZ-251 can be used in research related to head and neck cancer .
JNJ-39729209 is an antagonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) with pIC50 of 7.9, 8.5, 7.9 and 7.7 for TRPV1 from human, rat, canine and guinea pig. JNJ-39729209 inhibits Capsaicin (HY-10448)-induced hypotension and inhibit thereby hypothermia. JNJ-39729209 exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in Carrageenan (HY-125474)- and CFA (HY-153808)-induced thermal hyperalgesia rat models. JNJ-39729209 exhibits anti-cough effects in guinea pigs .
RD0448 is a potent inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK1B, and DYRK2. RD0448 selectively targets the non-native (folded intermediate) state of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The binding site of RD0448 is hidden in the native state of DYRK1A and DYRK1B, and as a stabilizing binder, it binds tightly to both DYRK1A and DYRK1B, forming a stable complex with slow dissociation kinetics. In contrast, RD0448 targets the native state of DYRK2 without selectivity between its native and non-native states, acting as a weak binder with weaker binding affinity to DYRK2 and forming a rapidly dissociating complex .
Azaperone (R-1929) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azaperone (HY-B1470). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azaperone is an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor (Dopamine D2 Receptor) and α-adrenergic receptor (AR). Azaperone reduces vasomotor tone, mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and etorphine-induced duration; induces transient tachycardia followed by bradycardia, splenic uptake of red blood cells, and sedation; alters animal behaviors; and produces sedation with distinct onset and duration in foals. Azaperone is used for sedation and tranquilization in various animals to reduce stress and aggressive behaviors, and serves as a preanesthetic agent.
TRPC4/5-IN-3 (Compound 32) is the orally active inhibitor for transient receptor potential canonical channel 4/5 (TRPC4/5) with IC50 of 3.6 nM and 5.5 nM. TRPC4/5-IN-3 inhibits hERG channel with IC50 of 6.5 µM. TRPC4/5-IN-3 exhibits good metabolic stability in human/rat/mouse liver microsomes. TRPC4/5-IN-3 exhibits antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in mouse models, exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in mouse with an oral bioavailability of 87% .
2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC50 value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .
AmmTX3 is a peptide toxin identified from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus. AmmTX3 is a highly specific blocker of Kv4 channels, which selectively and almost completely blocks transient A-type K + currents with a Ki of 131 nM. AmmTX3 induces epileptiform behaviors and causes death in mice receiving intracerebroventricular injection. AmmTX3 increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells, reduces GABAergic inhibition, enhances and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation, and impairs reference memory. AmmTX3 can be used in research related to pain, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder .
Azaperone-d4 (R-1929-d4) is the deuterium labeled Azaperone (HY-B1470). Azaperone is an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor (Dopamine D2 Receptor) and α-adrenergic receptor (AR). Azaperone reduces vasomotor tone, mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and etorphine-induced duration; induces transient tachycardia followed by bradycardia, splenic uptake of red blood cells, and sedation; alters animal behaviors; and produces sedation with distinct onset and duration in foals. Azaperone is used for sedation and tranquilization in various animals to reduce stress and aggressive behaviors, and serves as a preanesthetic agent.
Pramipexole (dihydrochloride hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pramipexole (dihydrochloride hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pramipexole (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pramipexole dihydrochloride is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pramipexole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pramipexole is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole dihydrochloride is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Stearoyl serotonin is a hybrid molecule patterned after arachidonoyl serotonin. Arachidonoyl serotonin is a dual antagonist of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) channel, reducing both acute and chronic peripheral pain. The effects of replacing the arachidonoyl portion with the saturated 18-carbon stearoyl moiety have not been studied. However, replacement of arachidonate with saturated 11- or 12-carbon fatty acids produces compounds that potently inhibit capsaicin-induced TRPV1 channel activation (IC50=0.76 μM) without blocking FAAH-mediated hydrolysis of arachidonoyl ethanolamine (IC50 > 50 μM).
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin inhibits IP3-mediated Ca 2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca 2+transients. Neomycin depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin can be used for the research of cancer .
Hyperforin is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels and triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis via the Dlat-AMPK signaling axis to suppress obesity. Hyperforin also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
PZ671 is a potent Bcl-xL PROTAC degrader with an IC50 of 1.3 nM (MOLT-4 cells) and a DC50 of 0.9 nM (Bcl-xL). PZ671 induces apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. PZ671 effectively inhibits tumor growth and rapidly reverses transient platelet counts reduction in MOLT-4 xenograft mice. PZ671 can be used for the research of cancer, such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) . (Structure Note: Pink: Bcl-xL ligand (HY-174878); Blue: CRBN Ligand (HY-138793); Black: linker; E3-linker (HY-174879))
RL71 is a curcuminoid anticancer agent that exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of ER-negative breast cancer cells. RL71 (1 μM) induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in SKBr3 cells. RL7 also decreases HER2/neu phosphorylation and increases p27. RL71 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and transiently increased the stress kinases JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, RL71 exhibited anti-angiogenic potential in vitro, inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells and the ability of these cells to form tubular networks .
Idebenone-SS-20 (Idebenone-2S-FrFK-NH2) is a Idebenone (HY-N0303) derivative conjugated to the mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-20. Idebenone-SS-20 shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Idebenone-SS-20 can preserve mitochondrial membrane potential, enhance ATP production, reduce ROS accumulation, maintain mitochondrial morphology and elevate NAD+/NADH ratio. Idebenone-SS-20 confers robust neuroprotection in a murine model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Idebenone-SS-20 can be used for the research of cerebral .
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-d27 (14:0 Lyso PE-d27) is the deuterium labeled 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells .
AmmTX3 TFA is a peptide toxin identified from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus. AmmTX3 TFA is a highly specific blocker of Kv4 channels, which selectively and almost completely blocks transient A-type K + currents with a Ki of 131 nM. AmmTX3 TFA induces epileptiform behaviors and causes death in mice receiving intracerebroventricular injection. AmmTX3 TFA increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells, reduces GABAergic inhibition, enhances and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation, and impairs reference memory. AmmTX3 TFA can be used in research related to pain, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder .
Mivazerol is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist. Mivazerol decreases the spontaneous release of serotonin (5-HT) and significantly inhibits the immobilization stress-induced enhancement of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Mivazerol inhibits intrathecal release of glutamate evoked by halothane withdrawal in rats, and exerts neuroprotective effects in forebrain ischemia rats. Mivazerol can be used for myocardial ischemia research .
MK-2206 is an orally active pan-AKT inhibitor, with IC50 values of 8 nM, 12 nM and 65 nM against AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. MK-2206 inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the levels of downstream GSK3β and Mcl-1 via proteasomal degradation. MK-2206 induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. MK-2206 causes transient hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in animals. MK-2206 can be used in research related to solid tumors, renal fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia .
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (TCHD) is a transient dilator of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). By interacting with the hydrophobic core (FG nucleoporin) of the NPC, trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can disrupt the NPC structure and reversibly increase the permeability of the nuclear pore, allowing macromolecules larger than 40 kDa (such as plasmid DNA) to enter the cell nucleus by passive diffusion, thereby enhancing the nuclear import efficiency of non-viral vectors. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can improve the efficiency of in vitro electrotransfection or lipid-mediated gene transfection, especially significantly increasing gene expression in differentiated airway epithelial cells .
ODE-Bn-PMEG is an antiviral compound with strong inhibitory activity against HPV-11, -16, and -18. ODE-Bn-PMEG effectively reduced transient amplification of viral DNA in transfected cells at concentrations well below its cytotoxic levels. ODE-Bn-PMEG showed increased uptake in human foreskin fibroblasts and was able to be efficiently converted to the active antiviral metabolite PMEG diphosphate in vitro. The P-chiral enantiomer of ODE-Bn-PMEG showed comparable antiviral activity, indicating its potential application against multiple HPV types. ODE-Bn-PMEG is a promising candidate for local inhibition of HPV-16, HPV-18, and other high-risk types .
Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway .
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca 2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca 2+transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer .
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide sodium is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide sodium improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide sodium may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .
Briquilimab (JSP-191 or AMG-191) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds human CD117 (c-Kit). Briquilimab blocks the interaction between CD117 receptor and stem cell factor on various CD117 expressing tissues. Briquilimab can lead to inhibition of SCF/c-Kit signaling and MC apoptosis. Briquilimab is a non-toxic approach to target and deplete HSC, enabling blood and immune reconstitution with minimal toxicity with the other agents being used for transient immune suppression to prevent immunologic rejection. Briquilimab can be used in various disease research such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), myelodyplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic spontaneous urticarial (CSU), chronic inducible urticarial (CIndU) and asthema .
Bis-Q is an acetylcholine (ACh) agonist that targets voltage-clamped muscle fibers of the fish Xenomystus nigris. Bis-Q exists in two forms: cis-Bis-Q (non-agonist) and trans-Bis-Q (agonist). Photoisomerization converts cis-Bis-Q to trans-Bis-Q, which induces agonist-induced currents. Channels activated by trans-Bis-Q and ACh have similar conductances and open times. Flashes increase the ratio of trans-Bis-Q to cis-Bis-Q until light equilibrium is reached. Further flashes transiently increase agonist-induced currents, indicating binding of trans-Bis-Q to desensitized receptors. Higher concentrations of cis-Bis-Q produce larger agonist-induced currents that decay exponentially. .
Ulacamten (CK-4021586; CK-586) is an orally active cardiac myosin inhibitor and an inhibitor of the double-headed cardiac heavy meromyosin (HMM)ATPase (excluding single-headed myosin subfragment-1), with an EC50 of 2.9 μM. Ulacamten regulates cardiac myosin, reduces excessive myocardial contractility, and alleviates left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Ulacamten increases the left ventricular short-axis systolic internal diameter, inhibits dobutamine-induced exacerbation of obstruction, and exerts only a mild reducing effect on left ventricular systolic function. Ulacamten also inhibits the fractional shortening of the short axis without altering calcium transients. Ulacamten shows good safety and tolerability in purpose-bred cats with naturally occurring obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206 2HCl) is an orally active pan-AKT inhibitor, with IC50 values of 8 nM, 12 nM and 65 nM against AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. MK-2206 dihydrochloride inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the levels of downstream GSK3β and Mcl-1 via proteasomal degradation. MK-2206 dihydrochloride induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. MK-2206 dihydrochloride causes transient hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in animals. MK-2206 dihydrochloride can be used in research related to solid tumors, renal fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia .
NK7-902 diTFA is a selective and orally active CRBN-dependent NEK7 molecular glue degrader with Kd values of 1.5 and 2.6 μM for hNEK7 and mNEK7. NK7-902 diTFA fully degrades NEK7 in human primary monocytes and whole blood but only partially inhibits NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production. NK7-902 diTFA shows activity in murine systems and induces a profound and long-lasting NEK7 degradation but only transiently blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NK7-902 diTFA can be used for the research of inflammation, such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes .
Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is an agonist and negative modulator of the P2X1 receptor, an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide that can be isolated from platelets. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium mediates negative regulation of dendrite growth and number by activating homologous and heterologous P2X1 receptors, which triggers a transient and moderate increase in intracellular calcium levels within dendritic growth cones. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is widely present in secretory vesicles such as platelets, chromaffin cells and brain synaptosomes, and exhibits selective activity on dendrite growth of cultured hippocampal neurons, inhibiting only dendrite growth without affecting axon growth. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium has a weaker ability to compete with RcCHAD for binding to polyP than short-chain polyPs .
Dexbrompheniramine ((+)-Brompheniramine; (S)-Brompheniramine) is a dual inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor and TRPV1 receptor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Dexbrompheniramine exerts its effects by functionally blocking H1 receptor activity and dose-dependently inhibiting TRPV1-mediated calcium responses, including Capsaicin (HY-10448)-induced responses. The combination of Dexbrompheniramine with Cimetidine (HY-14289) eliminates histamine-induced and sham-feeding-induced drinking behavior, whereas Dexbrompheniramine alone does not induce thirst or alter sham-feeding behavior in rats. Dexbrompheniramine can be used in the research of chronic cough and related pathological mechanisms .
Brophenexin (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. Brophenexin shows neuroprotective activity. Brophenexin prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. Brophenexin protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss .
Brophenexin free base (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. Brophenexin free base shows neuroprotective activity. Brophenexin free base prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. Brophenexin free base protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss .
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine-d3 is the deuterated form of N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (HY-W012382). N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
Lipid X is a 2,3-diacylglucosamine-1-phosphate that serves as the monosaccharide precursor of lipid A, possessing both LPS antagonist and weak agonist activities. Lipid X exerts protective effects by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor production, monocyte procoagulant activity, and neutrophil priming. Lipid X may induce transient pulmonary hypertension, neutropenia, and mild pyrogenic effects in laboratory animals. Lipid X has low toxicity and no in vitro antibacterial activity, but it significantly reduces mortality following Gram-negative bacterial infection and endotoxin exposure. Lipid X tends to accumulate in liver tissue, binds to circulating cellular components, and can be converted to lipid Y through transesterification. Lipid X can be used in research on Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, endotoxemia, and associated pulmonary hypertension .
Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flurbiprofen axetil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway .
RL71-d6 is a deuterium labeled RL71 (HY-121605). RL71 is a curcuminoid anticancer agent that exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of ER-negative breast cancer cells. RL71 (1 μM) induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in SKBr3 cells. RL7 also decreases HER2/neu phosphorylation and increases p27. RL71 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and transiently increased the stress kinases JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, RL71 exhibited anti-angiogenic potential in vitro, inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells and the ability of these cells to form tubular networks .
RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (Kd = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) .
N-Lignoceroyl Taurine is an arachidonoyl amino acid and taurine conjugate with a fatty acid that can be isolated from bovine brain. N-Lignoceroyl Taurine is one of several novel taurine-conjugated fatty acids discovered during mass spectrometry lipidomic analysis of the brain and spinal cord of wild-type and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) knockout mice. N-Lignoceroyl Taurine levels were 23-26-fold higher in FAAH -/- mice compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that FAAH utilizes N-Lignoceroyl Taurine as a substrate. However, in vitro experiments with purified FAAH showed that N-Lignoceroyl Taurine was hydrolyzed 2,000-fold slower in FAAH compared to oleoylethanolamide. N-Acyl Taurines with polyunsaturated acyl chains can activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium channel family, including TRPV1 and TRPV4.
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (HY-W012382). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
MI-883 is the orally active agonist for Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, EC50=73 nM) and the antagonist for Pregnane X Receptor (PXR, IC50=0.1 μM). MI-883 stimulates CAR LBD assembly (EC50=0.38 µM) and CAR3 variant activation (EC50=0.074 µM), induces CYP2B6 mRNA expression in HepaRG and primary human hepatocytes. MI-883 inhibits basal PXR activity IC50=2.03 µM) in transiently transfected HepG2 cells, blocks CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepG2. MI-883 regulates cholesterol metabolism and bile acid excretion, improves hypercholesterolemia in mouse models .
2-Oleoylglycerol-d5 (2-OG-d5) is the deuterium labeled 2-Oleoylglycerol (HY-W011121). 2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC50 value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .
MK-2206 free base is an orally active pan-AKT inhibitor, with IC50 values of 8 nM, 12 nM and 65 nM against AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. MK-2206 free base inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the levels of downstream GSK3β and Mcl-1 via proteasomal degradation. MK-2206 free base induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. MK-2206 free base causes transient hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in animals. MK-2206 free base can be used in research related to solid tumors, renal fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia .
TL-119 (A-3302-B) is a polypeptide. TL-119 can be isolated from the bacteria Micromonospora sp. MAG 9-7 and Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490. TL-119 inhibits TRPV-1. TL-119 exhibits antiviral activity against HSV-2. TL-119 possesses anticancer activity against gastric cancer and colorectal cancer .
Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can be transported into cells and hydrolyzed into glutathione. Glutathione monoethyl ester downregulates the gene expression of TEN1 and CTC1 while upregulating TERT expression. Glutathione monoethyl ester enhances telomerase activity, promotes proliferation and differentiation in aged bone marrow stromal cells, while elevating glutathione levels and reducing oxidative stress, protein aggregation and cell death in motor neuronal cells. Glutathione monoethyl ester confers broad multi-organ protection against cerebral ischemia, renal injury, liver damage, and pancreatitis. Glutathione monoethyl ester can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, acute renal failure, liver injury, and acute pancreatitis .
(+)-Camphor (D-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-Camphor) is an isomer of Camphor. Camphor is an agonist of monoterpenoid transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (such as TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPM8) and an inhibitor of TRPA1 channels. Camphor's derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic and anticancer. Camphor can selectively activate cold-sensitive TRP channels and inhibit TRPA1-mediated nociceptive signals. Camphor stimulates the cold-sensing nerve endings in the skin and regulates the activity of ion channels to exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. It also has anti-proliferative and anti-mutagenic activities on tumor cells, which may be related to inhibiting ribosome function or inducing cell apoptosis. Camphor can be absorbed through the skin and (+)-Camphor can be used in the study of muscle and joint pain and inflammation .
(2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is a non-covalent, reversible agonist targeting lanthanum (La 3+)-sensitive calcium channels in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) with an EC50 of approximately 25 mM. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol binds to calcium channel proteins or related complexes, induces channel opening, promotes extracellular calcium influx, and triggers intracellular calcium transients, which may regulate bacterial physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol mediates bacterial-host cell signaling interactions and affects the metabolic balance of intestinal microorganisms, and can be used to study lactose intolerance and other related diseases .
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (Standard) is the analytical standard of trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (HY-W010514). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (TCHD) is a transient dilator of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). By interacting with the hydrophobic core (FG nucleoporin) of the NPC, trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can disrupt the NPC structure and reversibly increase the permeability of the nuclear pore, allowing macromolecules larger than 40 kDa (such as plasmid DNA) to enter the cell nucleus by passive diffusion, thereby enhancing the nuclear import efficiency of non-viral vectors. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can improve the efficiency of in vitro electrotransfection or lipid-mediated gene transfection, especially significantly increasing gene expression in differentiated airway epithelial cells .
TMDJ-035 is a high-affinity, selective RyR2 inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.0130 μM. TMDJ-035 reduces RyR2 protein expression without affecting action potential-induced Ca 2+transients. TMDJ-035 decreases ATP content and intracellular Ca 2+ levels. TMDJ-035 inhibits arrhythmias in a CPVT mouse model carrying mutant RyR2s. TMDJ-035 has no effect on electrocardiogram parameters or cardiac systolic function. TMDJ-035 exacerbates heart failure in mouse myocardial infarction models and hypoxic cardiomyocytes by altering cardiac function, causing tissue damage, promoting inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and changes in Myosin heavy chain/actin expression. TMDJ-035 can be used in studies related to heart failure, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and arrhythmias .
MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206 2HCl) (Standard) is the analytical standard of MK-2206 dihydrochloride (HY-10358). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MK-2206 dihydrochloride is an orally active pan-AKT inhibitor, with IC50 values of 8 nM, 12 nM and 65 nM against AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. MK-2206 dihydrochloride inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the levels of downstream GSK3β and Mcl-1 via proteasomal degradation. MK-2206 dihydrochloride induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. MK-2206 dihydrochloride causes transient hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in animals. MK-2206 dihydrochloride can be used in research related to solid tumors, renal fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia .
Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) is an antibody targeting mouse CD3ε, which specifically binds to the region on CD3ε adjacent to the T cell receptor binding site. Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) triggers functional signal transduction in immature T cells and activates naive T cells. When cross-linked, Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) induces a rapid, robust and transient increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, acting as a potent calcium flux inducer. Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) is suitable for multiple experimental techniques such as flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation and EMARS reactions. It can be used to detect CD3E expression on thymocytes, mature T lymphocytes and NK-T cells from different mouse strains, or to identify membrane cluster components of the TCR complex, and shows no cross-reactivity with rat leukocytes .
(+)-Camphor (Standard) is the analytical standard of (+)-Camphor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (+)-Camphor (D-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-Camphor) is an isomer of Camphor. Camphor is an agonist of monoterpenoid transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (such as TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPM8) and an inhibitor of TRPA1 channels. Camphor's derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic and anticancer. Camphor can selectively activate cold-sensitive TRP channels and inhibit TRPA1-mediated nociceptive signals. Camphor stimulates the cold-sensing nerve endings in the skin and regulates the activity of ion channels to exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. It also has anti-proliferative and anti-mutagenic activities on tumor cells, which may be related to inhibiting ribosome function or inducing cell apoptosis. Camphor can be absorbed through the skin and (+)-Camphor can be used in the study of muscle and joint pain and inflammation .
Quinidine hydrochloride is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine hydrochloride reduces the expression level of P-gp, inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux, increases the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates, induces PARP cleavage and Caspase-3 activation, and elevates the proportion of Apoptotic cells at the sub-G1 phase. Quinidine hydrochloride exerts sustained block and open-channel block effects on IK(f). Quinidine hydrochloride alters the urinary metabolic ratio of Amphetamine, modulates the Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold, and regulates the anticonvulsant effect of Dextromethorphan. Quinidine hydrochloride can be used in studies related to uterine sarcoma and seizures .
Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate reduces the expression level of P-gp, inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux, increases the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates, induces PARP cleavage and Caspase-3 activation, and elevates the proportion of Apoptotic cells at the sub-G1 phase. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate exerts sustained block and open-channel block effects on IK(f). Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate alters the urinary metabolic ratio of Amphetamine, modulates the Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold, and regulates the anticonvulsant effect of Dextromethorphan. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used in studies related to uterine sarcoma and seizures .
5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant properties. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increases Nrf2/ARE binding activity, and up-regulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLc. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone attenuates excessive ROS generation, inhibits activated caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved PARP expression, and prevents neuronal apoptosis and cell death. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone increases LXRα and PPARγ mRNA expression, induces preadipocyte differentiation, and regulates blood glucose levels. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits radial growth of soil pathogenic fungi, radicle elongation of select seedlings, and transiently inhibits Bradyrhizobium sp. growth in high mannitol medium.5,7-Dihydroxychromone can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and pathogenic fungal infection .
Tivanisiran sodium (SYL1001 sodium) is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TRPV1. Tivanisiran sodium induces the degradation of TRPV1 mRNA, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Tivanisiran sodium alleviates ocular discomfort and pain, and improves ocular hyperemia and tear quality. Tivanisiran sodium is applicable to research related to dry eye disease .
5,7-Dihydroxychromone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5,7-Dihydroxychromone (HY-N1970). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant properties. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increases Nrf2/ARE binding activity, and up-regulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLc. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone attenuates excessive ROS generation, inhibits activated caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved PARP expression, and prevents neuronal apoptosis and cell death. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone increases LXRα and PPARγ mRNA expression, induces preadipocyte differentiation, and regulates blood glucose levels. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits radial growth of soil pathogenic fungi, radicle elongation of select seedlings, and transiently inhibits Bradyrhizobium sp. growth in high mannitol medium. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and pathogenic fungal infection .
(2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (HY-W015954). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is a non-covalent, reversible agonist targeting lanthanum (La 3+)-sensitive calcium channels in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) with an EC50 of approximately 25 mM. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol binds to calcium channel proteins or related complexes, induces channel opening, promotes extracellular calcium influx, and triggers intracellular calcium transients, which may regulate bacterial physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol mediates bacterial-host cell signaling interactions and affects the metabolic balance of intestinal microorganisms, and can be used to study lactose intolerance and other related diseases .
SRP-001 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable analgesic and antipyretic agent. SRP-001 reduces the expression level of FAAH, mildly inhibits hERG currents, generates AM404 (HY-101388), and maintains the integrity of hepatic tight junctions. SRP-001 exerts analgesic, antipyretic, and antinociceptive effects .
SPQ is a fluorescent dye. SPQ can be used to measure chloride ion concentration transients and transport rates in vesicles, cells, and even intact epithelium .
DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOTAP chloride is a cationic lipid with good membrane fusion ability and biocompatibility. DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) can be used as an excipient for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) without the use of helper lipid .
Lyso Flipper-TR 29 is a Flipper probe that can label lysosomes. Lyso Flipper-TR 29 enters lysosomes and late endosomes by transient deprotonation to cross their membranes in neutral form .
DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
AMP-PNP (Adenylyl imidodiphosphate) lithium hydrate is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog. AMP-PNP lithium hydrate binds to ATP binding sites competely but is not hydrolyzed by enzymes, providing stable experimental conditions for studying ATP-dependent processes. AMP-PNP lithium hydrate can also be used to study enzyme activity, kinase regulation, DNA/RNA metabolism, ion channel function, and protein complex assembly .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOTAP chloride is a cationic lipid with good membrane fusion ability and biocompatibility. DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) can be used as an excipient for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) without the use of helper lipid .
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide sodium is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide sodium improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide sodium may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .
Exendin-P5 is a selective agonist that targets the GLP-1R. Exendin-P5 promotes rapid activation of G proteins by transient interactions with the transmembrane domain of GLP-1R, enhancing its potency in G protein-mediated signaling and accelerating cAMP production. This mechanism suggests the potential application of Exendin-P5 in the study of metabolic diseases .
RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (Kd = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) .
SOR-C13 acetate is the acetate salt form of SOR-C13 (HY-P1651). SOR-C13 acetate is an antagonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV 6), with an IC50 of 14 nM. SOR-C13 acetate inhibits tumor growth in SKOV-3 xenograft mouse model .
EP 80317 is a selective CD36 ligand. EP 80317 protects the heart against damage and dysfunction elicited by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R), along with a transient reduction in peripheral lipolysis. EP 80317 can be used for the study of cardiovascular disease .
AmmTX3 is a peptide toxin identified from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus. AmmTX3 is a highly specific blocker of Kv4 channels, which selectively and almost completely blocks transient A-type K + currents with a Ki of 131 nM. AmmTX3 induces epileptiform behaviors and causes death in mice receiving intracerebroventricular injection. AmmTX3 increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells, reduces GABAergic inhibition, enhances and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation, and impairs reference memory. AmmTX3 can be used in research related to pain, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder .
TRPV1-Tat is an antagonistic peptide that fuses the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilla subtype 1) of the cell-penetrating peptide Tat. TRPV1-Tat blocks this phosphorylation process by competitively binding to the AKAP79 binding site of TRPV1, thereby inhibiting the sensitization of TRPV1. TRPV1-Tat can be used in the study of inflammatory pain .
Citrullinated amyloid-β (1-40) peptide (human) (Citrullinated Aβ (1-40)) is a modified form of β-Amyloid (1-40) (HY-P0265) with a citrullination at the Arg5 site. Citrullinated amyloid-β (1-40) peptide (human) exhibits increased transient formation of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates composed of distorted parallel β-sheets compared with unmodified β-Amyloid (1-40) .
TLQP-62 (mouse,rat) is a secreted C-terminal peptide that can be derived from protein VGF. TLQP-62 activates the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, inducing acute, transient phosphorylation of TrkB receptor and downstream CREB (Ser133) phosphorylation. TLQP-62 demonstrates excellent efficacy in promoting long-term fear memory formationin wild-type mice and reversing memory impairment in VGF heterozygous knock-out mice. TLQP-62 can be used for the study of memory-related neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia) .
AmmTX3 TFA is a peptide toxin identified from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus. AmmTX3 TFA is a highly specific blocker of Kv4 channels, which selectively and almost completely blocks transient A-type K + currents with a Ki of 131 nM. AmmTX3 TFA induces epileptiform behaviors and causes death in mice receiving intracerebroventricular injection. AmmTX3 TFA increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells, reduces GABAergic inhibition, enhances and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation, and impairs reference memory. AmmTX3 TFA can be used in research related to pain, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder .
BmP02 is a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker and a highly-selective Kv4.2 modulator, which can be isolated from Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom. BmP02 also delays the inactivation of Kv4.2 in HEK293T cells, with an EC50 value of ~850 nM. BmP02 inhibits the transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in ventricular muscle cells .
AAPDARETA is a mutated MHC-associated peptide with reduced binding affinity to H-2D b MHC molecules. AAPDARETA activates subsets of mouse main olfactory epithelium sensory neurons and induces Ca 2+transients .
EP 80317 acetate is a selective CD36 ligand. EP 80317 acetate protects the heart against damage and dysfunction elicited by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R), along with a transient reduction in peripheral lipolysis. EP 80317 acetate can be used for the study of cardiovascular disease .
α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) (α-Tubulin Tail) is a Microtubule growth inhibitor. α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) transiently interacts with the longitudinal polymerization interface of α-tubulin, regulating the apparent association and dissociation rates of tubulin at the microtubule growing end. α-Tubulin (residues 440-451) inhibits microtubule growth .
TL-119 (A-3302-B) is a polypeptide. TL-119 can be isolated from the bacteria Micromonospora sp. MAG 9-7 and Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490. TL-119 inhibits TRPV-1. TL-119 exhibits antiviral activity against HSV-2. TL-119 possesses anticancer activity against gastric cancer and colorectal cancer .
Briquilimab (JSP-191 or AMG-191) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds human CD117 (c-Kit). Briquilimab blocks the interaction between CD117 receptor and stem cell factor on various CD117 expressing tissues. Briquilimab can lead to inhibition of SCF/c-Kit signaling and MC apoptosis. Briquilimab is a non-toxic approach to target and deplete HSC, enabling blood and immune reconstitution with minimal toxicity with the other agents being used for transient immune suppression to prevent immunologic rejection. Briquilimab can be used in various disease research such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), myelodyplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic spontaneous urticarial (CSU), chronic inducible urticarial (CIndU) and asthema .
Imdevimab (REGN10987) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets SARS-CoV-2 virus. Imdevimab can be used in combination with Casirivimab (HY-P99341) to reduce viral load and transiently increases anti-receptor-binding domain IgG titers. Imdevimab maintains most of its neutralization activity against viruses with B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and mink cluster 5 spike proteins .
Pateclizumab (MLTA3698A) is a humanized antibody against lymphotoxin α (LTα), a transiently expressed cytokine on activated B and T cells (Th1, Th17), which are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis .
SPX-101 (SX001) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CLDN18.2. CLDN18.2 is only transiently expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa and is hardly found in healthy tissues, thus having an extremely wide therapeutic window. SPX-101 can be used for the study of solid tumors.
Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) is an antibody targeting mouse CD3ε, which specifically binds to the region on CD3ε adjacent to the T cell receptor binding site. Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) triggers functional signal transduction in immature T cells and activates naive T cells. When cross-linked, Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) induces a rapid, robust and transient increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, acting as a potent calcium flux inducer. Anti-Mouse CD3E Antibody (500A2) is suitable for multiple experimental techniques such as flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation and EMARS reactions. It can be used to detect CD3E expression on thymocytes, mature T lymphocytes and NK-T cells from different mouse strains, or to identify membrane cluster components of the TCR complex, and shows no cross-reactivity with rat leukocytes .
Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca 2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca 2+transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer .
Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin), is a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist. Resiniferatoxin can be isolated from the Euphorbia resinifera plant. Resiniferatoxin eliminates TRPV1+ primary sensory afferents and blunt cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex for a relatively long period .
(-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca 2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca 2+]i . Antitumor activity .
Hydroxy-α-sanshool is a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool can be used for pain research .
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
(2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is a non-covalent, reversible agonist targeting lanthanum (La 3+)-sensitive calcium channels in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) with an EC50 of approximately 25 mM. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol binds to calcium channel proteins or related complexes, induces channel opening, promotes extracellular calcium influx, and triggers intracellular calcium transients, which may regulate bacterial physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol mediates bacterial-host cell signaling interactions and affects the metabolic balance of intestinal microorganisms, and can be used to study lactose intolerance and other related diseases .
Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate reduces the expression level of P-gp, inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux, increases the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates, induces PARP cleavage and Caspase-3 activation, and elevates the proportion of Apoptotic cells at the sub-G1 phase. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate exerts sustained block and open-channel block effects on IK(f). Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate alters the urinary metabolic ratio of Amphetamine, modulates the Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold, and regulates the anticonvulsant effect of Dextromethorphan. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used in studies related to uterine sarcoma and seizures .
N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is a N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone triggers a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induces nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots .
2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC50 value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .
Disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP disodium salt) is a nucleotide-based umami agent. Disodium 5'-inosinate can bind to umami receptors and stimulate taste nerves, allowing the brain to perceive umami. In addition, Disodium 5'-inosinate produces a transient behavioral excitement in mice .
α-Spinasterol is an orally taken antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( TRPV1), and it's also an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively. α-Spinasterol exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antioxidant effects, has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can improve diabetes in mice .
Dexbrompheniramine ((+)-Brompheniramine; (S)-Brompheniramine) is a dual inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor and TRPV1 receptor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Dexbrompheniramine exerts its effects by functionally blocking H1 receptor activity and dose-dependently inhibiting TRPV1-mediated calcium responses, including Capsaicin (HY-10448)-induced responses. The combination of Dexbrompheniramine with Cimetidine (HY-14289) eliminates histamine-induced and sham-feeding-induced drinking behavior, whereas Dexbrompheniramine alone does not induce thirst or alter sham-feeding behavior in rats. Dexbrompheniramine can be used in the research of chronic cough and related pathological mechanisms .
α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts .
5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant properties. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increases Nrf2/ARE binding activity, and up-regulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLc. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone attenuates excessive ROS generation, inhibits activated caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved PARP expression, and prevents neuronal apoptosis and cell death. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone increases LXRα and PPARγ mRNA expression, induces preadipocyte differentiation, and regulates blood glucose levels. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits radial growth of soil pathogenic fungi, radicle elongation of select seedlings, and transiently inhibits Bradyrhizobium sp. growth in high mannitol medium.5,7-Dihydroxychromone can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and pathogenic fungal infection .
Hyperforin is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels and triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis via the Dlat-AMPK signaling axis to suppress obesity. Hyperforin also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (TCHD) is a transient dilator of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). By interacting with the hydrophobic core (FG nucleoporin) of the NPC, trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can disrupt the NPC structure and reversibly increase the permeability of the nuclear pore, allowing macromolecules larger than 40 kDa (such as plasmid DNA) to enter the cell nucleus by passive diffusion, thereby enhancing the nuclear import efficiency of non-viral vectors. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can improve the efficiency of in vitro electrotransfection or lipid-mediated gene transfection, especially significantly increasing gene expression in differentiated airway epithelial cells .
(+)-Camphor (D-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-Camphor) is an isomer of Camphor. Camphor is an agonist of monoterpenoid transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (such as TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPM8) and an inhibitor of TRPA1 channels. Camphor's derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic and anticancer. Camphor can selectively activate cold-sensitive TRP channels and inhibit TRPA1-mediated nociceptive signals. Camphor stimulates the cold-sensing nerve endings in the skin and regulates the activity of ion channels to exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. It also has anti-proliferative and anti-mutagenic activities on tumor cells, which may be related to inhibiting ribosome function or inducing cell apoptosis. Camphor can be absorbed through the skin and (+)-Camphor can be used in the study of muscle and joint pain and inflammation .
Caraphenol A is a resveratrol trimer and is able to transiently reduce interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein expression. Caraphenol A safely enhances lentiviral vector gene delivery to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells . Caraphenol A also inhibits human cystathionine β-synthase (hCBS) and human cystathionine γ- lyase (hCSE) with IC50s of 5.9 μM and 12.1 μM, respectively .
(-)-Menthol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Menthol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i . Antitumor activity .
Hydroxy-α-sanshool (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxy-α-sanshool. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxy-α-sanshool is a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool can be used for pain research .
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (HY-W012382). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
(2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (HY-W015954). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is a non-covalent, reversible agonist targeting lanthanum (La 3+)-sensitive calcium channels in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) with an EC50 of approximately 25 mM. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol binds to calcium channel proteins or related complexes, induces channel opening, promotes extracellular calcium influx, and triggers intracellular calcium transients, which may regulate bacterial physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol mediates bacterial-host cell signaling interactions and affects the metabolic balance of intestinal microorganisms, and can be used to study lactose intolerance and other related diseases .
α-L-Rhamnose is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts .
Dihydrocapsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydrocapsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
(+)-Camphor (Standard) is the analytical standard of (+)-Camphor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (+)-Camphor (D-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-Camphor) is an isomer of Camphor. Camphor is an agonist of monoterpenoid transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (such as TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPM8) and an inhibitor of TRPA1 channels. Camphor's derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic and anticancer. Camphor can selectively activate cold-sensitive TRP channels and inhibit TRPA1-mediated nociceptive signals. Camphor stimulates the cold-sensing nerve endings in the skin and regulates the activity of ion channels to exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. It also has anti-proliferative and anti-mutagenic activities on tumor cells, which may be related to inhibiting ribosome function or inducing cell apoptosis. Camphor can be absorbed through the skin and (+)-Camphor can be used in the study of muscle and joint pain and inflammation .
5,7-Dihydroxychromone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5,7-Dihydroxychromone (HY-N1970). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant properties. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increases Nrf2/ARE binding activity, and up-regulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLc. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone attenuates excessive ROS generation, inhibits activated caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved PARP expression, and prevents neuronal apoptosis and cell death. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone increases LXRα and PPARγ mRNA expression, induces preadipocyte differentiation, and regulates blood glucose levels. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits radial growth of soil pathogenic fungi, radicle elongation of select seedlings, and transiently inhibits Bradyrhizobium sp. growth in high mannitol medium. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and pathogenic fungal infection .
hTRPA1-IN-1 (19), a norsesterterpenoid that can be isolated from the Marine Sponge Diacarnus spinipoculum, is an inhibitor of transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), with an IC50 of 2 μM .
Murpanicin (murraxocin) is a coumarin that is a thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel inhibitor. Murpanicin has significant anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects.
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca 2+ levels by activating Ca 2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .
Trifunctional sphingosine is a clickable sphingoid base derivative. Trifunctional sphingosine can be used to study the biological function of sphingoid bases. Trifunctional lipids may overcome several challenges in interrogating lipid biology: their fast metabolism, their weak and transient (but functionally important) interactions with proteins, and the difficulty in tagging them without disturbing the cellular location .
Acetyljujuboside B is a saponin. Acetyljujuboside B can be isolated from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa. Acetyljujuboside B inhibits Ca 2+ influx. Acetyljujuboside B shows only sustained vasorelaxant effects, with no transient effect on NE-induced vasoconstrictions. Acetyljujuboside B inhibits histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by the antigen-antibody reaction .
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (Standard) is the analytical standard of trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (HY-W010514). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (TCHD) is a transient dilator of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). By interacting with the hydrophobic core (FG nucleoporin) of the NPC, trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can disrupt the NPC structure and reversibly increase the permeability of the nuclear pore, allowing macromolecules larger than 40 kDa (such as plasmid DNA) to enter the cell nucleus by passive diffusion, thereby enhancing the nuclear import efficiency of non-viral vectors. trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol can improve the efficiency of in vitro electrotransfection or lipid-mediated gene transfection, especially significantly increasing gene expression in differentiated airway epithelial cells .
The TRPML1 protein is a nonselective cation channel that regulates membrane trafficking and metal homeostasis. It promotes the release of Ca(2+) in late endosomes and lysosomes, affecting organelle fusion, exocytosis and autophagy. Mucolipin-1/MCOLN1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived MCOLN1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag.
The TRPV3 protein is a putative receptor-activated calcium channel that responds to warm temperatures and exhibits increased activity at harmful temperatures above 39 degrees Celsius. It negatively regulates hair growth by inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and causing premature degeneration of hair follicles. TRPV3 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, Flag) is the recombinant human-derived TRPV3 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His, N-Flag labeled tag.
Contactin-2/CNTN2 Protein collaborates with transmembrane protein CNTNAP2, crucially organizing axonal domains at nodes of Ranvier.This partnership maintains voltage-gated potassium channels at the juxtaparanodal region, emphasizing Contactin-2's pivotal role in the intricate molecular architecture essential for efficient nerve impulse propagation along myelinated axons.Contactin-2/CNTN2 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Contactin-2/CNTN2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
The TRPML1 protein is a nonselective cation channel that regulates membrane trafficking and metal homeostasis. It promotes the release of Ca(2+) in late endosomes and lysosomes, affecting organelle fusion, exocytosis and autophagy. Mucolipin-1/MCOLN1 Protein, Human (HEK293, StrepⅡ, FLAG) is the recombinant human-derived TRPML1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-Strep, C-Flag labeled tag.
The Contactin-2/CNTN2 protein, together with CNTNAP2, organizes axonal domains at the nodes of Ranvier and maintains voltage-gated potassium channels in the proximal paranodal region. This partnership ensures axonal signaling integrity and function. Contactin-2/CNTN2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Contactin-2/CNTN2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
TRPA1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; Ankyrin-like with transmembrane domains protein 1; Transformation-sensitive protein p120; Wasabi receptor
The TRPA1 protein is a receptor-activated nonselective cation channel that is critical for pain detection and may affect cold sensation, oxygen sensing, cough reflex, itch, and inner ear function. It responds to inflammatory mediators and irritants such as allyl thiocyanate (AITC), cinnamic aldehyde, diallyl disulfide (DADS), and acrolein. TRPA1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His, MBP, FLAG) is the recombinant human-derived TRPA1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-10*His, N-MBP, C-Flag labeled tag.
The TRPV2 protein is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel with outward rectification and may be regulated by growth factors such as IGF1, PDGF, and morphogenetic neuropeptide/tau activator. TRPV2 Protein, Rat (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant rat-derived TRPV2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag.
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine-d3 is the deuterated form of N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (HY-W012382). N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer .
Probenecid-d14 is the deuterium labeled Probenecid. Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin 1 channels .
Azaperone-d4 (R-1929-d4) is the deuterium labeled Azaperone (HY-B1470). Azaperone is an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor (Dopamine D2 Receptor) and α-adrenergic receptor (AR). Azaperone reduces vasomotor tone, mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and etorphine-induced duration; induces transient tachycardia followed by bradycardia, splenic uptake of red blood cells, and sedation; alters animal behaviors; and produces sedation with distinct onset and duration in foals. Azaperone is used for sedation and tranquilization in various animals to reduce stress and aggressive behaviors, and serves as a preanesthetic agent.
(-)-Menthol-d4 is the deuterium labeled (-)-Menthol (HY-75161). (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i . Antitumor activity .
Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester-d5 (PGE2-1-glyceyl ester-d5) is deuterium labeled Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester, a Prostaglandin Glycerol Ester, is an endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ .
Dihydrocapsaicin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361) . Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
RL71-d6 is a deuterium labeled RL71 (HY-121605). RL71 is a curcuminoid anticancer agent that exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of ER-negative breast cancer cells. RL71 (1 μM) induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in SKBr3 cells. RL7 also decreases HER2/neu phosphorylation and increases p27. RL71 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and transiently increased the stress kinases JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, RL71 exhibited anti-angiogenic potential in vitro, inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells and the ability of these cells to form tubular networks .
2-Oleoylglycerol-d5 (2-OG-d5) is the deuterium labeled 2-Oleoylglycerol (HY-W011121). 2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC50 value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .
DOTAP-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-d27 (14:0 Lyso PE-d27) is the deuterium labeled 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells .
RD0448 is a potent inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK1B, and DYRK2. RD0448 selectively targets the non-native (folded intermediate) state of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The binding site of RD0448 is hidden in the native state of DYRK1A and DYRK1B, and as a stabilizing binder, it binds tightly to both DYRK1A and DYRK1B, forming a stable complex with slow dissociation kinetics. In contrast, RD0448 targets the native state of DYRK2 without selectivity between its native and non-native states, acting as a weak binder with weaker binding affinity to DYRK2 and forming a rapidly dissociating complex .
DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
(-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca 2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca 2+]i . Antitumor activity .
Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is an agonist and negative modulator of the P2X1 receptor, an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide that can be isolated from platelets. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium mediates negative regulation of dendrite growth and number by activating homologous and heterologous P2X1 receptors, which triggers a transient and moderate increase in intracellular calcium levels within dendritic growth cones. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is widely present in secretory vesicles such as platelets, chromaffin cells and brain synaptosomes, and exhibits selective activity on dendrite growth of cultured hippocampal neurons, inhibiting only dendrite growth without affecting axon growth. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium has a weaker ability to compete with RcCHAD for binding to polyP than short-chain polyPs .
Tivanisiran sodium (SYL1001 sodium) is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TRPV1. Tivanisiran sodium induces the degradation of TRPV1 mRNA, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Tivanisiran sodium alleviates ocular discomfort and pain, and improves ocular hyperemia and tear quality. Tivanisiran sodium is applicable to research related to dry eye disease .
Tivanisiran (SYL1001) is a siRNA used for the study of dry eye disease. Tivanisiran was designed to silence transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) mRNA .
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells . Serum levels of 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine are elevated in patients with malignant breast cancer compared to healthy controls .
BCMA CAR mRNA can express the CAR protein targeting human BCMA. BCMA CAR mRNA can trigger the transient expression of CAR, enabling T cells to be targeted without the need for permanent genetic modification. BCMA is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 17 (TNFRSF17), also known as B-cell maturation antigen (CD269), which promotes B-cell survival and plays a role in regulating humoral immunity. BCMA is highly expressed in multiple myeloma and is a biomarker for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class DOTAP chloride (HY-112754A). GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOTAP chloride is a cationic lipid with good membrane fusion ability and biocompatibility. DOTAP chloride (GMP Like) can be used as an excipient for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) without the use of helper lipid .
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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