Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Based on 147 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also blocks hNav1.7 channels (IC50=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC50=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.82%
- CAS No.: 69-09-0
- Formula: C17H20Cl2N2S
- Molecular Weight:355.33
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
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- Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 20:779:146523. [Abstract]
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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IF
All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms
MoreAll 5-HT Receptor Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
|
5-HT2A Receptor |
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ishikawa | IC50 |
21.96 μM
Compound: CPZ
|
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human Ishikawa cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human Ishikawa cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
|
[PMID: 39082833] |
| KLE | IC50 |
35.01 μM
Compound: CPZ
|
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human KLE cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human KLE cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
|
[PMID: 39082833] |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
11.88 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
11.88 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
3.14 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
4.03 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (0, 10, 20, 40 μM; 0, 24, 48 h) inhibits growth of U-87MG glioma cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (20 μM; 0, 12, 24, 48 h) decreases the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1 in U-87MG glioma cells, 12 h later[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (20 μM) causes inhibition of cell cycle progression[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (10 μM; 1 h) significantly suppresses the sEV internalization and dramatically reduces MDSCs in sEV-treated bone marrow cells (MDSCs can significantly suppress the immune cell response, causing immunosuppression in cancer cells)[3].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (3, 10, 20, 40, 60 μM) blocks the hNav1.7 current in a concentration-dependent manner[4].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride blocks HERG potassium channels with an IC50 value of 21.6 μM and a Hill coefficient of 1.11[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:U-87MG glioma cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 20, 40 μM
-
Incubation Time:0, 24, 48 h
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Result:Showed anti-proliferative activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Bone marrow cells (sEV-treated)
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Concentration:10 µM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Reduced MDSCs and suppressed the sEV internalization.
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Cell Line:U-87MG glioma cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:0, 12, 24, 48 h
-
Result:Decreased the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1 12 h later, whereas levels of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and GAPDH remained unchanged.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:5- to 6-week-old athymic nude mice bearing intracranial U-87MG xenograft tumors[2].
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Dosage:20 mg/kg
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Administration:Injected intraperitoneally; single daily for 7 days
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Result:Inhibited tumor growth on day 17.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 69-09-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 355.33
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Formula C17H20Cl2N2S
-
Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(C=CC=C2)SC3=CC=C(Cl)C=C13.Cl
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (147)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Disrupting SOX2 self-association and condensate formation to overcome chemotherapeutic drug resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 May 13;11(1):183. PMID: 42143069 -
Signal Transduct Target Ther
Condensate nanovaccine adjuvants augment CD8+ T-Cell-dependent antitumor immunity through mtDNA leakage-triggered cGAS-STING axis activation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21;10(1):349. PMID: 41115902
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Oct 21;10(1):349. [Abstract]
Analysis of the cellular uptake pathways of OVA PCD. Ethamilamiline (EIPA), genistein (GEN), and chlorpromazine (CPZ) (10 μM for 12 h)were used to inhibit macropinocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, respectively.
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Nat Nanotechnol
Metal-ion-chelating phenylalanine nanostructures reverse immune dysfunction and sensitize breast tumour to immune checkpoint blockade. [Abstract]2024 Dec;19(12):1903-1913. PMID: 39187583 -
Cell Metab
Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2024 Aug 6;36(8):1806-1822.e11. PMID: 38897198
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2024 Aug 6;36(8):1806-1822.e11. [Abstract]
To clarify the possible pathways responsible for EV uptake by CAFs, BMDM-derived EVs were labeled with DiO, and m-CAFs were labeled with DiL. Chlorpromazine (50 μM, 1h) was used to block EV uptake by m-CAFs.
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Cell Metab
Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. [Abstract]2022 Dec 6;34(12):2018-2035.e8. PMID: 36351432
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2022 Dec 6;34(12):2018-2035.e8. [Abstract]
Bone marrow cells cultured in medium containing 10 ng/mL GM-CSF for 3 days were treated with 2 μg PKH67-labeled sEVs with or without Amiloride (10 μM), Chlorpromazine (10 μM), or EIPA (5 μM) for 1 h. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PKH67 was assessed by flow cytometry.
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Adv Mater
Self-Sustained Biophotocatalytic Nano-Organelle Reactors with Programmable DNA Switches for Combating Tumor Metastasis. [Abstract]2025 Mar;37(9):e2415030. PMID: 39797479
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Mater. 2025 Mar;37(9):e2415030. [Abstract]
FCM analysis of F/G/H‐GNC internalization by 4T1 cells pre‐treated with various endocytosis inhibitors (n = 3). EIPA: 5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl)‐amiloride, 50 µM; Dyna: dynasore, 50 µg/mL; Me‐β‐CD: methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, 2.5 mg/mL; CPZ: Chlorpromazine, 10 µg/mL; Cyto D: Cytochalasin D, 2.5 µg/mL; Noco: Nocodazole, 5 µM.
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Nat Biomed Eng
Modular nucleic acid-based construct for delivery of immunostimulatory agonists and oncogene-silencing oligonucleotides in tumours. [Abstract]2026 Jun 3. PMID: 42236980 -
Nat Biomed Eng
In situ formation of biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs for augmenting chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Nov;8(11):1469-1482. PMID: 39271933 -
Cancer Res
Targeting Sialylation Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Nectin-4-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Enfortumab Vedotin in Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9. PMID: 41066596 -
J Extracell Vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles Coordinate Bacterial Cloaking in Lung Epithelial Cells to Alleviate Acute Inflammatory Injury. [Abstract]2026 Feb;15(2):e70238. PMID: 41656978 -
J Extracell Vesicles
CD7-targeting pro-apoptotic extracellular vesicles: A novel approach for T-cell haematological malignancy therapy. [Abstract]2024 Dec;13(12):e70025. PMID: 39676736 -
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Nat Commun
2026 Jun 9. PMID: 42259798 -
Nat Commun
Transferrin-phosphatidylserine liposomes target TDP-43 and neuroinflammation in male mice with neuropathic pain. [Abstract]2025 Dec 12;16(1):11314. PMID: 41387431 -
Nat Commun
Ocular delivery of lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding lanosterol synthase ameliorates cataract in rats. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26;16(1):8522. PMID: 41006301 -
Nat Commun
Microglial replacement in a Sandhoff disease mouse model reveals myeloid-derived β-hexosaminidase is necessary for neuronal health. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;16(1):7994. PMID: 40866328 -
Nat Commun
Berberine-inspired ionizable lipid for self-structure stabilization and brain targeting delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. [Abstract]2025 Mar 10;16(1):2368. PMID: 40064874 -
ACS Nano
Autophagy-Inducing and cfDNA-Scavenging Nanoparticles for Synergistic Atherosclerosis Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Jun 26. PMID: 42361347 -
ACS Nano
2026 Jun 30;20(25):18533-18544. PMID: 42304955 -
ACS Nano
Self-Assembling Enveloped Virus-Mimicking Particle for Extrahepatic Targeting mRNA Delivery. [Abstract]2026 Apr 13. PMID: 41972484 -
ACS Nano
2026 Feb 17;20(6):5157-5170. PMID: 41620948 -
ACS Nano
Redox-Responsive Peptide Coacervates for Enhanced mRNA Delivery and Intracellular Release. [Abstract]2025 Dec 26. PMID: 41451635 -
ACS Nano
Enantioselective Degrader for Elimination of Extracellular Aggregation-Prone Proteins hIAPP Associated with Type 2 Diabetes. [Abstract]2023 May 9;17(9):8141-8152. PMID: 37057955 -
ACS Nano
Modular Peptide Probe for Pre/Intra/Postoperative Therapeutic to Reduce Recurrence in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]2020 Nov 24;14(11):14698-14714. PMID: 33174739 -
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J Am Chem Soc
2018 Dec 12;140(49):17234-17240. PMID: 30398334 -
Nat Plants
An apoplastic fungal effector disrupts N-glycosylation of ZmLecRK1, inducing its degradation to suppress disease resistance in maize. [Abstract]2025 Sep 12. PMID: 40940425 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Intravesical delivery of mucoadhesive and tumor-selective-penetrating nanozymes for enhancing the PDT of bladder cancer. [Abstract]2025 Aug 6;23(1):554. PMID: 40770338 -
Theranostics
Adjuvant-free peptide vaccine targeting Clec9a on dendritic cells can induce robust antitumor immune response through Syk/IL-21 axis. [Abstract]2021 May 24;11(15):7308-7321. PMID: 34158852 -
Theranostics
Proinflammatory macrophage-derived microvesicles exhibit tumor tropism dependent on CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis and promote drug delivery via SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. [Abstract]2020 May 17;10(15):6581-6598. PMID: 32550891 -
Theranostics
A Multifunctional Nanotherapy for Targeted Treatment of Colon Cancer by Simultaneously Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. [Abstract]2019 May 31;9(13):3732-3753. PMID: 31281510 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Spatiotemporally delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein/DNAzyme logic systems using near-infrared upconversion nanomachine for precise immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Oct;15(10):5431-5443. PMID: 41132842 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Cocrystal@protein-anchoring nanococktail for combinatorially treating multidrug-resistant cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct;14(10):4509-4525. PMID: 39525582 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Depletion of p75NTR in Schwann Cells Driven by Inflammation Mediates Cutaneous Pain in Psoriasis. [Abstract]2026 Jun;13(34):e23189. PMID: 41933938 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Biomimetic Macrophage Cell Membrane-Based Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma Through Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2026 Jun 22:e76216. PMID: 42328759 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2026 May 13:e75691. PMID: 42126794 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Biomimetic Nanomedicine for Senescence-Modulated Immune Activation Enhances Immunotherapy Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 23:e17792. PMID: 41432006 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Physiological pH Transition-Driven Protein Corona Dynamics Regulate Cellular Uptake and Inflammatory Responses of Silica Nanoparticles. [Abstract]2025 Sep 3:e02788. PMID: 40902197 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Lipid Droplet-Derived Biomimetic Nanocarriers for the Enhancement of Porcine Intermuscular Fat Content. [Abstract]2025 Jun;12(21):e2406150. PMID: 40365640 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Screening and Identification of Novel DNA Aptamer for Targeted Delivery to Injured Podocytes in Glomerular Diseases. [Abstract]2025 May;12(20):e2412356. PMID: 40178289 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
CCR7 Mediated Mimetic Dendritic Cell Vaccine Homing in Lymph Node for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. [Abstract]2023 Jun;10(17):e2207017. PMID: 37092579 -
Biomaterials
Biodegradable polymers with tertiary amines enhance mRNA delivery of lipid nanoparticles via improved endosomal escape. [Abstract]2026 Jan:324:123541. PMID: 40644791 -
Biomaterials
Oral delivery of decanoic acid conjugated plant protein shell incorporating hybrid nanosystem leverage intestinal absorption of polyphenols. [Abstract]2022 Feb:281:121373. PMID: 35063742 -
Carbohydr Polym
Premna microphylla Turcz pectin-modified diosmetin nanoparticles: A galectin-3 targeting strategy for precise colitis intervention. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15;368(Pt 1):124067. PMID: 40912828 -
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Intravitreal delivery of LATS1 mRNA by lipid nanoparticles as an effective strategy for uveal melanoma therapy. [Abstract]2026 May 10:393:114784. PMID: 41786044 -
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Cyclization and thermal modulation of a β-hairpin peptide for efficient cellular delivery. [Abstract]2026 Feb 10:390:114551. PMID: 41412216 -
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Bioswitchable intracellular delivery of small activating RNA by tetrahedral framework nucleic acid: Application to p21-mediated anti-tumor therapy. [Abstract]2026 Jan 10:389:114488. PMID: 41330514 -
J Control Release
Inducing potent ferroptosis in cancer cells by manipulation of ferritinophagy with a ferritin-targeted ATTEC. [Abstract]2026 Jan 10:389:114450. PMID: 41274571 -
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Enzyme-instructed disassembly of phosphorylated temporin supramolecules enhances doxorubicin synergy for targeted cancer inhibition. [Abstract]2025 Nov 10:387:114176. PMID: 40886776 -
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Combating cisplatin-resistant lung cancer using a coiled-coil lipopeptides modified membrane fused drug delivery system. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8:379:45-58. PMID: 39756686 -
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2024 Dec:376:1316-1328. PMID: 39490420 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (281.43 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 100 mg/mL (281.43 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: ≥ 200 mg/mL (562.86 mM); Clear solution
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (481 KB)
- English - EN (481 KB)
- Français - FR (481 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (481 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (481 KB)
- Español - ES (481 KB)
- Swedish - SV (481 KB)
- Italian - IT (481 KB)
- Korean - KR (481 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (481 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kamgar-Dayhoff P, et al. Multifaceted effect of chlorpromazine in cancer: implications for cancer treatment. Oncotarget. 2021 Jul 6;12(14):1406-1426. [Content Brief]
[2]. Shin SY, et al. The antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway in human U-87MG glioma cells. Carcinogenesis. 2013 Sep;34(9):2080-9. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yang Z, et al. Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. Cell Metab. 2022 Nov 2:S1550-4131(22)00461-2. [Content Brief]
[4]. Lee SJ, et al. Mechanism of inhibition by chlorpromazine of the human pain threshold sodium channel, Nav1.7. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Feb 3;639:1-7. [Content Brief]
[5]. Thomas D, et al. The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine inhibits HERG potassium channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;139(3):567-74. [Content Brief]
[6]. Suzuki H, et al. Comparison of the anti-dopamine D₂ and anti-serotonin 5-HT(2A) activities of chlorpromazine, bromperidol, haloperidol and second-generation antipsychotics parent compounds and metabolites thereof. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 Apr;27(4):396-400. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 2.8143 mL | 14.0714 mL | 28.1429 mL | 70.3571 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5629 mL | 2.8143 mL | 5.6286 mL | 14.0714 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2814 mL | 1.4071 mL | 2.8143 mL | 7.0357 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1876 mL | 0.9381 mL | 1.8762 mL | 4.6905 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1407 mL | 0.7036 mL | 1.4071 mL | 3.5179 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1126 mL | 0.5629 mL | 1.1257 mL | 2.8143 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0938 mL | 0.4690 mL | 0.9381 mL | 2.3452 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0704 mL | 0.3518 mL | 0.7036 mL | 1.7589 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0563 mL | 0.2814 mL | 0.5629 mL | 1.4071 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0469 mL | 0.2345 mL | 0.4690 mL | 1.1726 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0352 mL | 0.1759 mL | 0.3518 mL | 0.8795 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0281 mL | 0.1407 mL | 0.2814 mL | 0.7036 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.