Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Based on 153 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also blocks hNav1.7 channels (IC50=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC50=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.82%
- CAS No.: 69-09-0
- Formula: C17H20Cl2N2S
- Molecular Weight:355.33
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
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- Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 20:779:146523. [Abstract]
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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IF
All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms
MoreAll 5-HT Receptor Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
|
5-HT2A Receptor |
Cellular Effect
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ishikawa | IC50 |
21.96 μM
Compound: CPZ
|
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human Ishikawa cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human Ishikawa cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
|
[PMID: 39082833] |
| KLE | IC50 |
35.01 μM
Compound: CPZ
|
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human KLE cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human KLE cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
|
[PMID: 39082833] |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
11.88 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
11.88 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
3.14 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
4.03 μM
Compound: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
In Vitro
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (0, 10, 20, 40 μM; 0, 24, 48 h) inhibits growth of U-87MG glioma cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (20 μM; 0, 12, 24, 48 h) decreases the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1 in U-87MG glioma cells, 12 h later[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (20 μM) causes inhibition of cell cycle progression[2].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (10 μM; 1 h) significantly suppresses the sEV internalization and dramatically reduces MDSCs in sEV-treated bone marrow cells (MDSCs can significantly suppress the immune cell response, causing immunosuppression in cancer cells)[3].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (3, 10, 20, 40, 60 μM) blocks the hNav1.7 current in a concentration-dependent manner[4].
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride blocks HERG potassium channels with an IC50 value of 21.6 μM and a Hill coefficient of 1.11[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:U-87MG glioma cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 20, 40 μM
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Incubation Time:0, 24, 48 h
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Result:Showed anti-proliferative activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Bone marrow cells (sEV-treated)
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Concentration:10 µM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Reduced MDSCs and suppressed the sEV internalization.
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Cell Line:U-87MG glioma cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:0, 12, 24, 48 h
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Result:Decreased the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1 12 h later, whereas levels of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and GAPDH remained unchanged.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:5- to 6-week-old athymic nude mice bearing intracranial U-87MG xenograft tumors[2].
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Dosage:20 mg/kg
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Administration:Injected intraperitoneally; single daily for 7 days
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Result:Inhibited tumor growth on day 17.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 69-09-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 355.33
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Formula C17H20Cl2N2S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(C=CC=C2)SC3=CC=C(Cl)C=C13.Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (153)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Disrupting SOX2 self-association and condensate formation to overcome chemotherapeutic drug resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 May 13;11(1):183. PMID: 42143069 -
Signal Transduct Target Ther
Condensate nanovaccine adjuvants augment CD8+ T-Cell-dependent antitumor immunity through mtDNA leakage-triggered cGAS-STING axis activation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21;10(1):349. PMID: 41115902
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Oct 21;10(1):349. [Abstract]
Analysis of the cellular uptake pathways of OVA PCD. Ethamilamiline (EIPA), genistein (GEN), and chlorpromazine (CPZ) (10 μM for 12 h)were used to inhibit macropinocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, respectively.
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Nat Nanotechnol
Metal-ion-chelating phenylalanine nanostructures reverse immune dysfunction and sensitize breast tumour to immune checkpoint blockade. [Abstract]2024 Dec;19(12):1903-1913. PMID: 39187583 -
Cell Metab
Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2024 Aug 6;36(8):1806-1822.e11. PMID: 38897198
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2024 Aug 6;36(8):1806-1822.e11. [Abstract]
To clarify the possible pathways responsible for EV uptake by CAFs, BMDM-derived EVs were labeled with DiO, and m-CAFs were labeled with DiL. Chlorpromazine (50 μM, 1h) was used to block EV uptake by m-CAFs.
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Cell Metab
Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. [Abstract]2022 Dec 6;34(12):2018-2035.e8. PMID: 36351432
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2022 Dec 6;34(12):2018-2035.e8. [Abstract]
Bone marrow cells cultured in medium containing 10 ng/mL GM-CSF for 3 days were treated with 2 μg PKH67-labeled sEVs with or without Amiloride (10 μM), Chlorpromazine (10 μM), or EIPA (5 μM) for 1 h. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PKH67 was assessed by flow cytometry.
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Adv Mater
Self-Sustained Biophotocatalytic Nano-Organelle Reactors with Programmable DNA Switches for Combating Tumor Metastasis. [Abstract]2025 Mar;37(9):e2415030. PMID: 39797479
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Mater. 2025 Mar;37(9):e2415030. [Abstract]
FCM analysis of F/G/H‐GNC internalization by 4T1 cells pre‐treated with various endocytosis inhibitors (n = 3). EIPA: 5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl)‐amiloride, 50 µM; Dyna: dynasore, 50 µg/mL; Me‐β‐CD: methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, 2.5 mg/mL; CPZ: Chlorpromazine, 10 µg/mL; Cyto D: Cytochalasin D, 2.5 µg/mL; Noco: Nocodazole, 5 µM.
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Nat Biomed Eng
Modular nucleic acid-based construct for delivery of immunostimulatory agonists and oncogene-silencing oligonucleotides in tumours. [Abstract]2026 Jun 3. PMID: 42236980 -
Nat Biomed Eng
In situ formation of biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs for augmenting chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Nov;8(11):1469-1482. PMID: 39271933 -
Cancer Res
Targeting Sialylation Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Nectin-4-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Enfortumab Vedotin in Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9. PMID: 41066596 -
J Extracell Vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles Coordinate Bacterial Cloaking in Lung Epithelial Cells to Alleviate Acute Inflammatory Injury. [Abstract]2026 Feb;15(2):e70238. PMID: 41656978 -
J Extracell Vesicles
CD7-targeting pro-apoptotic extracellular vesicles: A novel approach for T-cell haematological malignancy therapy. [Abstract]2024 Dec;13(12):e70025. PMID: 39676736 -
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Nat Commun
2026 Jun 9. PMID: 42259798 -
Nat Commun
Transferrin-phosphatidylserine liposomes target TDP-43 and neuroinflammation in male mice with neuropathic pain. [Abstract]2025 Dec 12;16(1):11314. PMID: 41387431 -
Nat Commun
Ocular delivery of lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding lanosterol synthase ameliorates cataract in rats. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26;16(1):8522. PMID: 41006301 -
Nat Commun
Microglial replacement in a Sandhoff disease mouse model reveals myeloid-derived β-hexosaminidase is necessary for neuronal health. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;16(1):7994. PMID: 40866328 -
Nat Commun
Berberine-inspired ionizable lipid for self-structure stabilization and brain targeting delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. [Abstract]2025 Mar 10;16(1):2368. PMID: 40064874 -
ACS Nano
Autophagy-Inducing and cfDNA-Scavenging Nanoparticles for Synergistic Atherosclerosis Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Jun 26. PMID: 42361347 -
ACS Nano
2026 Jun 30;20(25):18533-18544. PMID: 42304955 -
ACS Nano
Self-Assembling Enveloped Virus-Mimicking Particle for Extrahepatic Targeting mRNA Delivery. [Abstract]2026 Apr 13. PMID: 41972484 -
ACS Nano
2026 Feb 17;20(6):5157-5170. PMID: 41620948 -
ACS Nano
Redox-Responsive Peptide Coacervates for Enhanced mRNA Delivery and Intracellular Release. [Abstract]2025 Dec 26. PMID: 41451635 -
ACS Nano
Enantioselective Degrader for Elimination of Extracellular Aggregation-Prone Proteins hIAPP Associated with Type 2 Diabetes. [Abstract]2023 May 9;17(9):8141-8152. PMID: 37057955 -
ACS Nano
Modular Peptide Probe for Pre/Intra/Postoperative Therapeutic to Reduce Recurrence in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]2020 Nov 24;14(11):14698-14714. PMID: 33174739 -
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J Am Chem Soc
2018 Dec 12;140(49):17234-17240. PMID: 30398334 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Neutrophil membrane-mediated biomimetic nanoparticle for co-delivery of icariin and siORMDL3 attenuates asthma exacerbated by respiratory syncytial virus. [Abstract]2026 Jun 30. PMID: 42381004 -
Nat Plants
An apoplastic fungal effector disrupts N-glycosylation of ZmLecRK1, inducing its degradation to suppress disease resistance in maize. [Abstract]2025 Sep 12. PMID: 40940425 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Intravesical delivery of mucoadhesive and tumor-selective-penetrating nanozymes for enhancing the PDT of bladder cancer. [Abstract]2025 Aug 6;23(1):554. PMID: 40770338 -
Theranostics
Adjuvant-free peptide vaccine targeting Clec9a on dendritic cells can induce robust antitumor immune response through Syk/IL-21 axis. [Abstract]2021 May 24;11(15):7308-7321. PMID: 34158852 -
Theranostics
Proinflammatory macrophage-derived microvesicles exhibit tumor tropism dependent on CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis and promote drug delivery via SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. [Abstract]2020 May 17;10(15):6581-6598. PMID: 32550891 -
Theranostics
A Multifunctional Nanotherapy for Targeted Treatment of Colon Cancer by Simultaneously Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. [Abstract]2019 May 31;9(13):3732-3753. PMID: 31281510 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Spatiotemporally delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein/DNAzyme logic systems using near-infrared upconversion nanomachine for precise immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Oct;15(10):5431-5443. PMID: 41132842 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Cocrystal@protein-anchoring nanococktail for combinatorially treating multidrug-resistant cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct;14(10):4509-4525. PMID: 39525582 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Unraveling Bone-Skin Crosstalk Enables miRNA Nanoformulation for Cutaneous Neurovascular Reconstruction in Diabetic Mice. [Abstract]2026 Jul 11:e76500. PMID: 42435758 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Biomimetic Macrophage Cell Membrane-Based Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma Through Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2026 Jun 22:e76216. PMID: 42328759 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Depletion of p75NTR in Schwann Cells Driven by Inflammation Mediates Cutaneous Pain in Psoriasis. [Abstract]2026 Jun;13(34):e23189. PMID: 41933938 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2026 May 13:e75691. PMID: 42126794 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Biomimetic Nanomedicine for Senescence-Modulated Immune Activation Enhances Immunotherapy Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 23:e17792. PMID: 41432006 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Physiological pH Transition-Driven Protein Corona Dynamics Regulate Cellular Uptake and Inflammatory Responses of Silica Nanoparticles. [Abstract]2025 Sep 3:e02788. PMID: 40902197 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Lipid Droplet-Derived Biomimetic Nanocarriers for the Enhancement of Porcine Intermuscular Fat Content. [Abstract]2025 Jun;12(21):e2406150. PMID: 40365640 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Screening and Identification of Novel DNA Aptamer for Targeted Delivery to Injured Podocytes in Glomerular Diseases. [Abstract]2025 May;12(20):e2412356. PMID: 40178289 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
CCR7 Mediated Mimetic Dendritic Cell Vaccine Homing in Lymph Node for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. [Abstract]2023 Jun;10(17):e2207017. PMID: 37092579 -
Biomaterials
Biodegradable polymers with tertiary amines enhance mRNA delivery of lipid nanoparticles via improved endosomal escape. [Abstract]2026 Jan:324:123541. PMID: 40644791 -
Biomaterials
Oral delivery of decanoic acid conjugated plant protein shell incorporating hybrid nanosystem leverage intestinal absorption of polyphenols. [Abstract]2022 Feb:281:121373. PMID: 35063742 -
Carbohydr Polym
Premna microphylla Turcz pectin-modified diosmetin nanoparticles: A galectin-3 targeting strategy for precise colitis intervention. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15;368(Pt 1):124067. PMID: 40912828 -
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J Control Release
Intravitreal delivery of LATS1 mRNA by lipid nanoparticles as an effective strategy for uveal melanoma therapy. [Abstract]2026 May 10:393:114784. PMID: 41786044 -
J Control Release
Cyclization and thermal modulation of a β-hairpin peptide for efficient cellular delivery. [Abstract]2026 Feb 10:390:114551. PMID: 41412216 -
J Control Release
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2021 Jul 20:779:146523. PMID: 34030247
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (281.43 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 100 mg/mL (281.43 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: ≥ 200 mg/mL (562.86 mM); Clear solution
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (481 KB)
- English - EN (481 KB)
- Français - FR (481 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (481 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (481 KB)
- Español - ES (481 KB)
- Swedish - SV (481 KB)
- Italian - IT (481 KB)
- Korean - KR (481 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (481 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kamgar-Dayhoff P, et al. Multifaceted effect of chlorpromazine in cancer: implications for cancer treatment. Oncotarget. 2021 Jul 6;12(14):1406-1426. [Content Brief]
[2]. Shin SY, et al. The antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway in human U-87MG glioma cells. Carcinogenesis. 2013 Sep;34(9):2080-9. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yang Z, et al. Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. Cell Metab. 2022 Nov 2:S1550-4131(22)00461-2. [Content Brief]
[4]. Lee SJ, et al. Mechanism of inhibition by chlorpromazine of the human pain threshold sodium channel, Nav1.7. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Feb 3;639:1-7. [Content Brief]
[5]. Thomas D, et al. The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine inhibits HERG potassium channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;139(3):567-74. [Content Brief]
[6]. Suzuki H, et al. Comparison of the anti-dopamine D₂ and anti-serotonin 5-HT(2A) activities of chlorpromazine, bromperidol, haloperidol and second-generation antipsychotics parent compounds and metabolites thereof. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 Apr;27(4):396-400. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 2.8143 mL | 14.0714 mL | 28.1429 mL | 70.3571 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5629 mL | 2.8143 mL | 5.6286 mL | 14.0714 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2814 mL | 1.4071 mL | 2.8143 mL | 7.0357 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1876 mL | 0.9381 mL | 1.8762 mL | 4.6905 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1407 mL | 0.7036 mL | 1.4071 mL | 3.5179 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1126 mL | 0.5629 mL | 1.1257 mL | 2.8143 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0938 mL | 0.4690 mL | 0.9381 mL | 2.3452 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0704 mL | 0.3518 mL | 0.7036 mL | 1.7589 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0563 mL | 0.2814 mL | 0.5629 mL | 1.4071 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0469 mL | 0.2345 mL | 0.4690 mL | 1.1726 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0352 mL | 0.1759 mL | 0.3518 mL | 0.8795 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0281 mL | 0.1407 mL | 0.2814 mL | 0.7036 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.