Paquinimod
Based on 34 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Paquinimod (ABR 215757) is a specific and orally active inhibitor of S100A8/S100A9. Paquinimod rescues the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.90%
- CAS No.: 248282-01-1
- Formula: C21H22N2O3
- Molecular Weight:350.41
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Paquinimod
More- Cell Metab. 2026 May 5;38(5):909-928.e8. [Abstract]
- Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec 31:e2411823. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Jul 25:e2402267. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Feb 3;e2103675. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2022 Feb 14;12(5):2248-2265. [Abstract]
- Biomark Res. 2025 May 9;13(1):72. [Abstract]
- Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022;1(8):732-747. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2025 Apr 22;21(7):3061-3080. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Jun 28;15(6):462. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 21:148:157433. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Sep 27:148:157336. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Mar 16:230:112-126. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;19(6):101486. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 May 23;81(1):232. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Jan;243(Pt 1):117484. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2024 Apr;47(2):789-806. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2021 Feb;44(1):307-320. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 20;24(3):2112. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jul 25:163:115280. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Feb 3:149:114225. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Dec 25:146:113938. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jul 30:136:112296. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Feb:115:109716. [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2026 May 19;18(10):1635. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2023 Jun;37(6):e22982. [Abstract]
- J Neurochem. 2025 Jul;169(7):e70159. [Abstract]
- Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2025 Jan-Dec:39:3946320251338661. [Abstract]
- Curr Med Sci. 2025 Apr 23. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Apr 18.
- medRxiv. 2023 Mar 10.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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ELISA
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In Vivo Imaging
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
S100A9[1]
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 248282-01-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 350.41
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Formula C21H22N2O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C(O)C2=C(C=CC=C2CC)N(C)C1=O)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3
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Synonyms
ABR-215757; ABR 25757
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (34)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
The S100A8/A9 complex promotes food intake and prevents adipose tissue loss during cancer cachexia in mice. [Abstract]2026 May 5;38(5):909-928.e8. PMID: 41780522 -
Gastroenterology
Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. PMID: 41295942
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]
Colitis histology score of WT mice exposed to DSS and treated with Paquinimod (10 mg/kg/d, p.o., 7d) or vehicle.
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]
Representative H&E images of WT mice exposed to DSS and treated with Paquinimod (10 mg/kg/d, p.o., 7d) or vehicle.
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]
Quantification of human recombinant S100A9 homodimers in the presence of increasing concentrations of Paquinimod, as determined by ELISA.
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Cell Host Microbe
Airway dysbiosis accelerates lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Abstract]2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. PMID: 37207649
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. [Abstract]
Barplot showing reduced lung function in emphysema mice treated with homocysteine, which was reversed by S100A8/A9 inhibitor Paquinimod (3.75mg/kg, i.g. every other day over four weeks, n = 5/group).
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. [Abstract]
Barplot for histopathological score showing increased lung tissue injury in emphysema mice treated with homocysteine, which was reversed by S100A8/A9 inhibitor Paquinimod (3.75mg/kg, i.g. every other day over four weeks, n = 5/group).
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Nat Commun
Senescent immune cells accumulation promotes brown adipose tissue dysfunction during aging. [Abstract]2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. PMID: 37268694 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Multifaceted Immunomodulatory Nanocomplexes Target Neutrophilic-ROS Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury. [Abstract]2024 Dec 31:e2411823. PMID: 39737874 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Immuno-Nanocomplexes Target Heterogenous Network of Inflammation and Immunity in Myocardial Infarction. [Abstract]2024 Jul 25:e2402267. PMID: 39049710 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Single Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies a Unique Inflammatory Macrophage Subset as a Druggable Target for Alleviating Acute Kidney Injury. [Abstract]2022 Feb 3;e2103675. PMID: 35112806 -
Theranostics
Hepatic RACK1 deficiency protects against fulminant hepatitis through myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Abstract]2022 Feb 14;12(5):2248-2265. PMID: 35265209 -
Biomark Res
S100A9 as a potential novel target for experimental autoimmune cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. [Abstract]2025 May 9;13(1):72. PMID: 40346703 -
Nat Cardiovasc Res
Gasdermin D-dependent platelet pyroptosis exacerbates NET formation and inflammation in severe sepsis. [Abstract]2022;1(8):732-747. PMID: 35967457 -
Int J Biol Sci
Macrophage-derived S100A9 promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by disturbing mitochondrial quality control via STAT3 activation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 22;21(7):3061-3080. PMID: 40384874 -
Cell Death Dis
S100A8/A9hi neutrophils induce mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in endothelial cells via mitochondrial complex I deficiency during sepsis. [Abstract]2024 Jun 28;15(6):462. PMID: 38942784 -
Int J Biol Macromol
S100A9 promotes renal calcium oxalate stone formation via activating the TLR4-p38/MAPK-LCN2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. PMID: 39357728
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]
Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of calcium in nephrocalcinosis mice.
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]
Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of calcium in nephrocalcinosis mice.
Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]
Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of CaOx crystals in nephrocalcinosis mice.
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Phytomedicine
Fufang Danshen Pill improves mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating the S100a9/TLR4 axis to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21:148:157433. PMID: 41166904 -
Phytomedicine
Euchrenone A10 attenuates septic lung injury though S100A8/A9-dependent TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. [Abstract]2025 Sep 27:148:157336. PMID: 41038141 -
Free Radic Biol Med
2025 Mar 16:230:112-126. PMID: 39947495 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 Attenuates Colitis by Restoring Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Modulating Macrophage Polarization via S100A9 in an NF-κB-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2025;19(6):101486. PMID: 40024533 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
2024 May 23;81(1):232. PMID: 38780644 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Suppression of the neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 complex ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in non-human primates. [Abstract]2026 Jan;243(Pt 1):117484. PMID: 41177180 -
Inflammation
2024 Apr;47(2):789-806. PMID: 38446361 -
Inflammation
S100A9 Upregulation Contributes to Learning and Memory Impairments by Promoting Microglia M1 Polarization in Sepsis Survivor Mice. [Abstract]2021 Feb;44(1):307-320. PMID: 32918665 -
Int J Mol Sci
Deficiency of S100A9 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Liver Injury through Regulating AKT-AMPK-Dependent Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. [Abstract]2023 Jan 20;24(3):2112. PMID: 36768433 -
Int Immunopharmacol
S100A9 inhibition ameliorates HFpEF by modulating mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2025 Jul 25:163:115280. PMID: 40714466 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Targeting the S100A9/P38 MAPK/HSPB1 axis as a novel approach for aortic dissection therapy. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3:149:114225. PMID: 39904041 -
Int Immunopharmacol
2024 Dec 25:146:113938. PMID: 39724736 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Direct targeting of S100A9 with Icariin counteracted acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity. [Abstract]2024 Jul 30:136:112296. PMID: 38810310 -
Int Immunopharmacol
S100a8/a9 contributes to sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by activating ERK1/2-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and respiratory dysfunction. [Abstract]2023 Feb:115:109716. PMID: 36652759 -
Cancers (Basel)
2026 May 19;18(10):1635. PMID: 42192994 -
FASEB J
TRPA1 deficiency aggravates dilated cardiomyopathy by promoting S100A8 expression to induce M1 macrophage polarization in rats. [Abstract]2023 Jun;37(6):e22982. PMID: 37219522 -
J Neurochem
S100a9 Aggravates Ischemia Brain Injury via Pyroptosis Pathway: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. [Abstract]2025 Jul;169(7):e70159. PMID: 40653825 -
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
Synergistic inhibition of CitH3 and S100A8/A9: A novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating sepsis-induced inflammation and lung injury. [Abstract]2025 Jan-Dec:39:3946320251338661. PMID: 40390290 -
Curr Med Sci
2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40266434 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (178.36 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.13 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (14.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Mice[2]
Female NOD/MrkTac mice are exposed to increasing concentration of CO2 and upon loss of consciousness euthanized by cervical dislocation. To investigate the effect of the Q-compound Paquinimod on development of glycosuria and insulitis, mice are treated with Paquinimod dissolved in drinking water at different concentrations corresponding to daily doses of about 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg body weight/day). The mice are treated with Paquinimod starting from either 10 or 15 weeks of age. The duration of treatment varies from 5 to 23 weeks in the different experiments performed[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Schelbergen RF, et al. Prophylactic treatment with S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Dec;74(12):2254-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Tahvili S, et al. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One. 2018 May 9;13(5):e0196598. [Content Brief]
[3]. Qirui Guo, et al. Induction of alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates activation of aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Feb 10;29(2):222-235.e4. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8538 mL | 14.2690 mL | 28.5380 mL | 71.3450 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5708 mL | 2.8538 mL | 5.7076 mL | 14.2690 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2854 mL | 1.4269 mL | 2.8538 mL | 7.1345 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1903 mL | 0.9513 mL | 1.9025 mL | 4.7563 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1427 mL | 0.7134 mL | 1.4269 mL | 3.5672 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1142 mL | 0.5708 mL | 1.1415 mL | 2.8538 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0951 mL | 0.4756 mL | 0.9513 mL | 2.3782 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0713 mL | 0.3567 mL | 0.7134 mL | 1.7836 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0571 mL | 0.2854 mL | 0.5708 mL | 1.4269 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0476 mL | 0.2378 mL | 0.4756 mL | 1.1891 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0357 mL | 0.1784 mL | 0.3567 mL | 0.8918 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0285 mL | 0.1427 mL | 0.2854 mL | 0.7134 mL |
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