Cat. No.: HY-N0524

Propyl gallate

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Propyl gallate is a common food antioxidant. Propyl gallate can inhibit the production of acrolein, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Propyl gallate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cardioprotective activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.74%
CAS No.: 121-79-9
Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₅
Molecular Weight:212.20

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Propyl gallate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 121-79-9

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HeLa	IC₅₀	800 μM Compound: G3	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells	[PMID: 23291333]
L929	IC₅₀	40 μM Compound: G3	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells	[PMID: 23291333]

In Vitro

Propyl gallate (100-1600 μM, 24 h) increases the ROS level, and decreases the level of glutathione (GSH)^[3].
Propyl gallate (0-1600 μM, 72 h) inhibits the cancer cell growth of Calu-6 and A549 (IC₅₀ about 50 μM and 800 μM at 24 h), arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase, and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and cell death receptor pathway^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

Calu-6 and A549
Concentration:

0-200 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

Calu-6 and A549
Concentration:

0-800 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Downregulated Bcl-2 levels, upregulated cleaved PARP level.

In Vivo

Propyl gallate (10-300 mg/kg, po, 28 days) inhibits cardiac enlargement in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice, prevents left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction, increases myocardial contractility by increasing the sensitivity of myofilaments in myocardial fibers to Ca²⁺^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

DCM mouse models^[5]
Dosage:

10-300 mg/kg
Administration:

po, 28 days
Result:

Inhibited cardiac enlargement, decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and increased ejection fraction (EF).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 121-79-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 212.20
Formula C₁₀H₁₂O₅
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(OCCC)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (2)

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Biochem Pharmacol

Propyl gallate mitigates diabetic liver injury via suppressing SLC7A11/GPX4-mediated hepatic ferroptosis and modulating gut-liver axis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 22:249:117926. PMID: 41876017
Environ Toxicol

High-dose synthetic phenolic antioxidant propyl gallate impairs mouse oocyte meiotic maturation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;38(8):1800-1810. PMID: 37052413

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 200 mg/mL (942.51 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.7125 mL

23.5627 mL

47.1254 mL

5 mM

0.9425 mL

4.7125 mL

9.4251 mL

10 mM

0.4713 mL

2.3563 mL

4.7125 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (560 KB)
- English - EN (560 KB)
- Français - FR (560 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (560 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (560 KB)
- Español - ES (560 KB)
- Swedish - SV (560 KB)
- Italian - IT (560 KB)
- Korean - KR (560 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (560 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Cui H, et al. Dual effects of propyl gallate and its methylglyoxal adduct on carbonyl stress and oxidative stress. Food Chem. 2018 Nov 1;265:227-232. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang J, et al. Scavenging of Acrolein by Food-Grade Antioxidant Propyl Gallate in a Model Reaction System and Cakes. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Aug 7;67(31):8520-8526. [Content Brief]

[3]. Park WH. Propyl gallate induces cell death in human pulmonary fibroblast through increasing reactive oxygen species levels and depleting glutathione. Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 5;14(1):5375. [Content Brief]

[4]. Park WH. Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. Oncol Rep. 2020 Dec;44(6):2783-2791. [Content Brief]

[5]. Du CK, et al., In vivo effects of propyl gallate, a novel Ca(2+) sensitizer, in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by cardiac troponin T mutation. Life Sci. 2014 Jul 25;109(1):15-9. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	4.7125 mL	23.5627 mL	47.1254 mL	117.8134 mL
	5 mM	0.9425 mL	4.7125 mL	9.4251 mL	23.5627 mL
	10 mM	0.4713 mL	2.3563 mL	4.7125 mL	11.7813 mL
	15 mM	0.3142 mL	1.5708 mL	3.1417 mL	7.8542 mL
	20 mM	0.2356 mL	1.1781 mL	2.3563 mL	5.8907 mL
	25 mM	0.1885 mL	0.9425 mL	1.8850 mL	4.7125 mL
	30 mM	0.1571 mL	0.7854 mL	1.5708 mL	3.9271 mL
	40 mM	0.1178 mL	0.5891 mL	1.1781 mL	2.9453 mL
	50 mM	0.0943 mL	0.4713 mL	0.9425 mL	2.3563 mL
	60 mM	0.0785 mL	0.3927 mL	0.7854 mL	1.9636 mL
	80 mM	0.0589 mL	0.2945 mL	0.5891 mL	1.4727 mL
	100 mM	0.0471 mL	0.2356 mL	0.4713 mL	1.1781 mL

Keywords

Propyl gallate

2 Cited Publications

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Propyl gallate

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Propyl gallate

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Propyl gallate Related Classifications

HY-N0524 Related Classifications