Cat. No.: HY-N2374

Eupatorin

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Eupatorin is an orally active flavonoid with antiproliferative and vasodilatory properties. Eupatorin downregulates the expression levels of NF-κB, MMP9, IL-1β and TNF-α. Eupatorin induces apoptosis, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Eupatorin modulates the activities of muscarinic receptors and β-adrenergic receptors; inhibits sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and calcium channels; and activates the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway, indomethacin-sensitive pathway, and potassium channel pathway. Eupatorin exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines, and is metabolized by CYP1A1 and CYP1 family enzymes to form metabolites with antiproliferative activity. Eupatorin can be used in research related to breast cancer, hypertension, and leukemia.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.53%
CAS No.: 855-96-9
Formula: C₁₈H₁₆O₇
Molecular Weight:344.32

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Eupatorin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 855-96-9

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Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All MMP Isoforms :

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HeLa	IC₅₀	8.1 μM Compound: Eupatorin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31784199]
HT-1080	ED₅₀	8.8 μg/mL Compound: c	Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 4 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 11374950]
KB	ED₅₀	>50 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	[PMID: 521819]
MCF7	IC₅₀	10.3 μM Compound: Eupatorin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31784199]
MCF7	IC₅₀	7 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19601638]

In Vitro

Eupatorin (0.16-20 μg/mL; 24-72 h) inhibits proliferation of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells in a time-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of >20 μg/mL at 24 h, 6.00 μg/mL at 48 h, and 5.00 μg/mL at 72 h^[1].
Eupatorin (0.001-100 μM; 96 h) potently inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.5 μM, while being far less active in MCF-10A cells with an IC₅₀ of 50 μM; its antiproliferative effect in MDA-MB-468 cells is reversed by CYP1 inhibition^[3].
Eupatorin (10 μM; 48 h) induces G₂/M phase arrest in MDA-MB-468 cells, an effect reversed by CYP1 inhibition, while it does not affect the cell cycle of MCF-10A cells^[3].
Eupatorin (0.1-100 μM; 72 h) potently inhibits viability in HL-60, U937, and Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines with an IC₅₀ of ~5 μM after 72 h of treatment^[4].
Eupatorin (3-30 μM; 6-24 h) induces apoptosis in HL-60, U937, and Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines via G₂-M cell cycle arrest, nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering, and phosphatidylserine externalization, with 3 μM eupatorin for 24 h driving significant increases in sub-diploid apoptotic cells^[4].
Eupatorin (1-10 μM; 6-24 h) induces dose- and time-dependent activation of initiator (caspase-8, -9) and executioner (caspase-3/7, -6, -4) caspases, as well as PARP cleavage, in HL-60, U937, and Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines, with eupatorin-induced apoptosis dependent on caspase activation^[4].
Eupatorin (1-3 μM; 24 h) activates the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in HL-60, U937, and Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines via release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Smac/DIABLO, modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, and Bax translocation/cleavage^[4].
Eupatorin (3-10 μM; 1-24 h) activates the ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK MAPK pathways in HL-60 human leukemia cells within 1-2 h, with JNK/SAPK activation essential for eupatorin-induced apoptosis^[4].
Eupatorin (1-10 μM; 6-24 h) induces ROS generation (peroxides and superoxide) in HL-60 and Molt-3 human leukemia cells, with ROS generation essential for eupatorin-induced apoptosis in Molt-3 cells^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells
Concentration:

0.16-20 μg/mL (24 h); 0.16-20 μg/mL (48 h); 0.16-20 μg/mL (72 h)
Incubation Time:

24 h; 48 h; 72 h
Result:

Caused time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of 4T1 cell proliferation.
Yielded an IC₅₀ value greater than 20 μg/mL at 24 h.
Yielded an IC₅₀ value of 6.00 μg/mL at 48 h.
Yielded an IC₅₀ value of 5.00 μg/mL at 72 h.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[3]

Cell Line:

MDA-MB-468, MCF-10A
Concentration:

0.001-100 μM; 10 μM (co-incubated with acacetin)
Incubation Time:

96 h
Result:

Showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-468 cell growth with an IC₅₀ of 0.5 μM.
Reached an IC₅₀ of 50 μM in MCF-10A cells.
Increased the IC₅₀ to 15 μM in MDA-MB-468 cells when co-incubated with acacetin, reversing the antiproliferative effect.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

MDA-MB-468, MCF-10A
Concentration:

10 μM; 10 μM (co-incubated with 1.5 μM acacetin)
Incubation Time:

30 h, 48 h; 48 h (co-incubated with acacetin)
Result:

Caused G₂/M phase arrest in MDA-MB-468 cells, with ~70% of cells accumulating in G₂/M phase after 48 hours, accompanied by a minor increase in sub-G₁ apoptotic cells.
Reduced the percentage of MDA-MB-468 cells in G₂/M phase from 70% to 40% when co-treated with acacetin, reversing the G₂/M arrest.
Showed no cell cycle arrest in MCF-10A cells, though a small fraction of cells (5% at 30 h, 6% at 48 h) showed sub-G₁ apoptosis.

Cell Viability Assay^[4]

Cell Line:

HL-60, U937, Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines
Concentration:

0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Caused concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability, with an IC₅₀ of ~5 μM across the three cell lines.

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

HL-60, U937, Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines
Concentration:

3 μM; 10 μM; 30 μM
Incubation Time:

6, 12, 24 h (3 μM); 24 h (10 μM, 30 μM)
Result:

Induced nuclear condensation and fragmented chromatin characteristic of apoptosis after 24 h at 3 μM.
Induced DNA fragmentation in HL-60 and Molt-3 cells after 24 h at 10 and 30 μM.
Caused G₂-M phase accumulation starting at 6 h, with the arrest most pronounced in U937 cells, sustained until 12 h in HL-60 and U937, and not sustained in Molt-3 at 3 μM; the percentage of sub-G₁ (apoptotic) cells increased after 12 h in all three cell lines.
Induced phosphatidylserine translocation (early apoptosis) in HL-60 and U937 cells after 24 h at 3 μM, with sub-diploid cell percentages increasing ~20-fold in U937, ~2-fold in HL-60, and ~3-fold in Molt-3 compared to controls.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

HL-60, U937, Molt-3 human leukemia cell lines
Concentration:

1 μM (Molt-3 cells); 3 μM (HL-60, U937 cells)
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Induced a significant increase in cytosolic cytochrome c levels, and also induced cytosolic release of AIF and Smac/DIABLO.
Decreased Bcl-2 expression in HL-60 and Molt-3 cells, and induced Bcl-2 cleavage in U937 cells.
Induced redistribution of Bax from the cytosolic to mitochondrial compartment, and generated an 18 kDa Bax cleavage fragment in HL-60 cells.
Decreased Bid protein levels in HL-60 and Molt-3 cells, indicating cleavage/activation.

In Vivo

Eupatorin (5-20 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 28 days) at 20 mg/kg body weight significantly reduces 4T1 breast tumor weight by 24.4%, increases tumor apoptosis 15-fold, enhances NK and CD8⁺ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells, and reduces lung metastasis by 92.3% in BALB/c mice^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

BALB/c (female, 4-5 weeks old, 20-22 g, orthotopic injection of 1×10⁵ 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells)^[1]
Dosage:

5 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg
Administration:

p.o.; daily; 28 days
Result:

Increased apoptotic tumor cells 5-fold relative to untreated controls at 5 mg/kg.
Achieved NK1.1⁺CD3^- cell population of 2.97 %, NK1.1⁺CD3⁺ cell population of 2.70%, CD3⁺CD8⁺ cell population of 6.70 %, and CD3⁺CD4⁺ cell population of 11.76% at 5 mg/kg.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 855-96-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 344.32
Formula C₁₈H₁₆O₇
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C1C=C(C2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2)OC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(O)=C13
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Flavones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Food Chem

Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (726.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.9043 mL

14.5214 mL

29.0428 mL

5 mM

0.5809 mL

2.9043 mL

5.8085 mL

10 mM

0.2904 mL

1.4521 mL

2.9043 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Dilution Calculator

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.04 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.04 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (288 KB)
SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Abd Razak N, et al. Eupatorin Suppressed Tumor Progression and Enhanced Immunity in a 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer Model. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020 Jan-Dec;19:1534735420935625. [Content Brief]

[2]. Mun Fei Yam, et al. Mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by eupatorin in the rats aortic ring. European Journal of Pharmacology. Volume 789, 15 October 2016, Pages 27-36.

[3]. Androutsopoulos V, et al. Antiproliferative and cytostatic effects of the natural product eupatorin on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells due to CYP1-mediated metabolism. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(3):R39.

[4]. Estévez S, et al. Eupatorin-induced cell death in human leukemia cells is dependent on caspases and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112536. Published 2014 Nov 12. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.9043 mL	14.5214 mL	29.0428 mL	72.6069 mL
	5 mM	0.5809 mL	2.9043 mL	5.8086 mL	14.5214 mL
	10 mM	0.2904 mL	1.4521 mL	2.9043 mL	7.2607 mL
	15 mM	0.1936 mL	0.9681 mL	1.9362 mL	4.8405 mL
	20 mM	0.1452 mL	0.7261 mL	1.4521 mL	3.6303 mL
	25 mM	0.1162 mL	0.5809 mL	1.1617 mL	2.9043 mL
	30 mM	0.0968 mL	0.4840 mL	0.9681 mL	2.4202 mL
	40 mM	0.0726 mL	0.3630 mL	0.7261 mL	1.8152 mL
	50 mM	0.0581 mL	0.2904 mL	0.5809 mL	1.4521 mL
	60 mM	0.0484 mL	0.2420 mL	0.4840 mL	1.2101 mL
	80 mM	0.0363 mL	0.1815 mL	0.3630 mL	0.9076 mL
	100 mM	0.0290 mL	0.1452 mL	0.2904 mL	0.7261 mL

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Eupatorin

Apoptosis Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Eupatorin

All NF-κB Isoforms

All MMP Isoforms

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table