Bismuth nitrate-induced novel nitration of estradiol: an entry to new anticancer agents
- Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Jul 23:82:574-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.010.
- 1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
- 2. Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, esq. Elias Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, 88710 Reynosa, Mexico.
- 3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, 1214 West Schunior Street, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
- 4. Department of Biology, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
- 5. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, 1214 West Schunior Street, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
- 6. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, 1214 West Schunior Street, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
- 7. Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
Direct nitration of estradiol was carried out using metal nitrates on solid surfaces under mild condition, and a combination of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate impregnated KSF clay was found to be the best reagent to synthesize 2- and 4-nitroestradiol effectively. Furthermore, various basic side chains were introduced, through O-linker at C-3, to these nitroestradiols. The ability of these derivatives to cause cytotoxicity in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative Breast Cancer cell lines, as well as Cancer cell lines of other origins, was examined. Qualitative structure activity relationship (SAR) has also been studied. We found that a basic side chain containing either a piperidine or morpholine ring, when conjugated to 2-nitroestradiol, was particularly effective at causing cytotoxicity in each of the Cancer cell lines examined. Surprisingly, this effective cytotoxicity was even seen in ER-negative Breast Cancer cells.