Abyssinone V, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha increases oxidative stress and decreases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Objectives: Recent studies showed that distinct extracts of Erythrina species used in the traditional medicine of sub-Saharan Africa are protective against stress conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as relevant compounds remain unclear.

Methods: We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate compounds isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha (abyssinone V (1), abyssinon-4'O-methylether (2), sigmoidin B-4'O-methylether (3), glabranin (4), 8-prenylnaringenin (5), citflavanone (6), exiguaflavanone (7) and homoeriodictyol (8)). Antioxidative capacity in vitro (trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity assay) and modulation of oxidative stress in vivo (2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein assay) were investigated; stress resistance was analysed using the nucleic acid stain SYTOX green.

Key findings: None of the prenylated Flavonoids caused protection against thermal stress; in contrast, most of the compounds (1, 4, 5, 8) decreased stress resistance. None of the compounds decreased the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species, but abyssinone V (1) caused an increase in oxidative stress. In line with these results, none of these compounds showed radical-scavenging effects in vitro.

Conclusions: The stem bark of E. melanacantha contains various prenylated Flavonoids, but no compound protected C. elegans against stress conditions. In contrast, abyssinone V increases oxidative stress and reduces stress resistance in this model organism.