ASFV early protein p30 suppresses antiviral type I IFN induction by targeting TRIM21 and RIG-I like receptor signaling adaptor MAVS

  • Vet Microbiol. 2026 Aug:319:111066. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111066.
Jiajia Zhang  1 ,  Hanrong Lv  2 ,  Jin Ding  3 ,  Ziyan Sun  4 ,  Chenglin Chi  5 ,  Sizhuang Liu  6 ,  Sen Jiang  7 ,  Nanhua Chen  8 ,  Wanglong Zheng  9 ,  Jianzhong Zhu  10
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 5. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 6. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 7. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 8. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 9. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 10. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 42119254 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111066
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) Infection, which can affect pigs of all ages and breeds, posing significant threat to the global pig farming industry. The ASFV p30 protein is an early-expressed viral structural protein; however, its function is not fully understood. In this study, the interaction of viral p30 with host TRIM21 was identified. The ectopic TRIM21 inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown or knockout of TRIM21 promoted ASFV replication. Further, p30 was found to interact with RIG-I-like Receptor (RLR) signaling adaptor MAVS, and during ASFV Infection, p30-TRIM21-MAVS interacted with each Other. Mechanistically, TRIM21 activated the K27 polyubiquitination of MAVS to induce IRF3 mediated type I interferon (IFN) production, whereas p30 counteracted TRIM21 activated MAVS K27 polyubiquitination to evade RLR signaling mediated Antiviral IFN induction. In summary, our study revealed a novel function of ASFV p30, and provided new insights into the immune evasion of ASFV.

Keywords
African swine fever virus; IFN; Immune evasion; MAVS; P30; TRIM21.
Products