EXOSC5 Protein, Human

EXOSC5, a non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex, plays a crucial role in 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity, contributing to various cellular RNA processing and degradation processes. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is implicated in the maturation of stable RNA species, elimination of RNA processing by-products, and degradation of non-coding transcripts, including antisense RNA and promoter-upstream transcripts. Additionally, it may be involved in Ig class switch recombination and/or somatic hypermutation. In the cytoplasm, EXOSC5 participates in general mRNA turnover, selectively degrading mRNAs with AU-rich elements and preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs in RNA surveillance pathways. As part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9), EXOSC5 contributes to ribonucleolysis by binding and presenting RNA. The complex is proposed to serve as a scaffold for catalytic subunits and associated proteins. Notably, EXOSC5 homodimerizes and interacts with various components of the RNA exosome complex, GTPBP1, and DDX17 in a context-dependent manner, highlighting its versatility in RNA-related processes.