VEGF165 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, Avi)

VEGF165, a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family, encodes a heparin-binding protein that forms a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor plays a pivotal role in inducing proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, crucial for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of the VEGF gene in mice resulted in aberrant embryonic blood vessel formation, underscoring its importance in vascular development. Elevated expression of VEGF is observed in various tumors, correlating with tumor stage and progression. Additionally, increased levels of VEGF are associated with conditions such as POEMS syndrome, microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1), and atherosclerosis. Alternative splicing gives rise to different isoforms, including a C-terminally extended isoform with antiangiogenic properties. During infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), VEGF levels are heightened, contributing to inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells and increasing the levels of angiopoietin II (Ang II), thereby establishing a feedback loop with Ang II to perpetuate the release of inflammatory cytokines. The broad expression of VEGF in tissues like the thyroid, prostate, and 21 other tissues emphasizes its widespread involvement in diverse physiological processes.